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Biomedical subjects

M Ando

Publications and source records attributed to M Ando.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Analysis of HLA alleles in Japanese patients with cirrhosis due to chronic hepatitis C.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) leads to chronic liver disease in at least 50-60% of infected people and approximately 40-50% of these patients will go on to develop cirrhosis due to chronic hepatitis C (HCV-C). The pathogenic mechanisms that result in HCV-C are unknown. Sixty Japanese patients with HCV-C were examined for HLA-A, B, C and DR alleles by serologic typing and for HLA-DQB1 alleles by DNA typing using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. As the control population, 293 healthy un-related Japanese were used. The frequencies of HLA-B61, C(omega)3, DR4, DQB1*0401 and DQB1*0402 were increased, while those of HLA-DR9, DQB1*0301 and DQB1*0303 were decreased in the patients. The co-ordinate increase in the frequency of HLA-DR4, DQB1*0401 or 0402 and decrease in the frequency of DR9 or DQB1*0303 were suggestive of a strong linkage disequilibrium between HLA-DR4 and DQB1*0401 or 0402 and between HLA-DR9 and DQB1*0303, respectively. From the odds ratio (OR) analysis, the combinations of HLA-C(omega)3+ DR4-DQB1*0401 or 0402, or HLA-B61 + DR4 - DQB1*0401 or 0402 increased the risk for developing HCV-C when compared to each HLA allele alone. This suggested an additive effect for these classes I and II HLA allele combinations in HCV-C. In contrast, HLA-DR9-DQB1*0303 and DQB1*0301 may confer resistance to this disease. These results suggest the existence of HLA-linked susceptibility genes to HCV-C.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Effect of antibacterial antibody on bactericidal activities of superoxide and lysosomal enzyme from alveolar macrophages in rabbits.

Alveolar macrophages (AM) have many Fc receptors for IgG, but are less reactive to lymphokines. They have a well-developed oxidative metabolism and contain large amounts of lysosomal enzyme. This suggests that the antibacterial antibody plays an important role in early resistance by AM to intracellular bacterial infection and that a bactericidal agent, dependent on oxygen and lysosomal enzyme, participates in the effects of the antibacterial antibody on bactericidal activities of superoxide (O2-) and lysosomal enzyme from rabbit AM. The number of Listeria monocytogenes in AM increased after pretreatment with saline or normal IgG but decreased by 60% after pretreatment with anti-Listeria and 120 min incubation. Alveolar macrophage-phagocytized Listeria monocytogenes and Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG) bound with antibacterial antibody enhanced release of O2-, and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) formazan reduced by O2- was observed around the bacteria in the phagosomes of AM. We also confirmed that Listeria and BCG were killed extracellularly by O2-released by a superoxide-generating system in vitro and/or by lysosomal concluded that the antibacterial antibody of the IgG class enhances the antibacterial activity of AM thereby increasing the production of 02- and lysosomal enzyme in the phagosome. This finding may be important in the early resistance to intracellular bacteria infection by AM in the alveolar spaces.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

A case of renal cell carcinoma associated with synchronous contralateral renal pelvic cancer and bladder tumor.

We report a case of renal cell carcinoma associated with synchronous contralateral renal pelvic cancer and bladder tumor. The patient underwent total nephroureterectomy for the left renal pelvic cancer with transurethral resection of the bladder tumor. After 2 courses of combination chemotherapy, we performed surgical enucleation of the right renal cell carcinoma. Although transurethral resection of the recurrent bladder tumors was undergone 17 months after the last operation, the patient retains normal renal function.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
PubMed1996

Regulation of neutrophil superoxide generation by alpha-tocopherol in human peripheral and umbilical-cord blood.

OBJECTIVES: Alfa-tocopherol (VE) inhibits protein phosphorylation and affects protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent superoxide (O2) generation of phagocytic cells. Because umbilical-cord blood contains low concentrations of VE, we studied the effects of VE on stimulation-dependent O2 generation of neutrophils derived from the healthy human peripheral circulation (HPMNs) and the umbilical cord (UCBNs). METHODS: O2- generation and VE content were assayed by reduction of ferricytochrome c and by HPLC with an electrochemical detector, respectively. Neutrophil-specific annexin protein was identified by an immunological method. RESULTS: Both types of neutrophils generate significant amounts of PKC-dependent O2-generation, but weak PKC-independent O2-generation, except for opsonized zymosan-stimulated O2- generation in UCBNs. The VE content of UCBNs was similar to that of HPMNs although umbilical-cord blood contains a low concentration of VE. A neutrophil-specific annexin protein was also found in the UCBNs. CONCLUSION: UCBNs have a greater ability to incorporate VE than HPMNs do, but have similar general characteristics of stimulation-dependent O2-generation to those of HPMNs.

Annexin A1↗
PubMed1996

Benign adult familial myoclonus epilepsy (BAFME): an autosomal dominant form not linked to the dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) gene.

The genetic differences between two types of dominant inherited myoclonus epilepsy, dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) and benign adult familial myoclonus epilepsy (BAFME), have been reported. A gene with a CAG repeat expansion responsible for DRPLA has been isolated. We have examined CAG repeat expansion in the DRPLA gene in five BAFME families, and the abnormal CAG expansion was not observed in the affected subjects. Linkage analysis using DNA polymorphisms in the DRPLA gene and the genes for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor subunits, GABAR beta 1, GABAR beta 3, and GABAR alpha 6, showed that these genes were not responsible for BAFME.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1996

Small-vessel radiography in situ with monochromatic synchrotron radiation.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of a radiographic system with monochromatic synchrotron radiation to depict small vessels and peripheral secretory ducts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Radiography of various organs was tested in 14 anesthetized dogs and pancreatography was performed in an excised human pancreas by using the following system: monochromatic synchrotron radiation with an energy level just above the k absorption edge of iodine as an x-ray source and a high-definition TV system with a high-light-sensitivity image pick-up tube camera coupled with a fluorescent screen as a detector. RESULTS: This system allowed depiction of small vessels (diameter < 50-100 microns) of the heart (penetrating transmural artery), brain (perforating arteries that arise directly in the circle of Willis), and intestinal organs (vasa recta and their submucosal communications) and of small branches (down to the fifth order) of the pancreatic duct. CONCLUSION: The synchrotron radiation system may be useful for evaluating microcirculatory disorders and early-stage malignant tumors in various human organs.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Inhibitory effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on antigen-induced tracheal contraction and histamine release in guinea pigs.

We examined the effect of two different types of tyrosine kinase inhibitor, herbimycin A and genistein, on antigen-induced tracheal contraction and antigen-induced histamine release from the trachea in sensitized guinea pigs in vitro. Herbimycin A (1-10 microM) and genistein (1-10 microM) significantly inhibited antigen-induced tracheal contraction, compared with control. Additionally, herbimycin A (1-10 microM) and genistein (3-10 microM) significantly inhibited antigen-induced histamine release from the trachea in a concentration-dependent manner, compared with control. On the contrary, herbimycin A and genistein did not suppress acetylcholine- and histamine-induced tracheal contraction. We concluded that herbimycin A and genistein inhibit antigen-induced tracheal contraction without inhibiting smooth muscle contractility, and these inhibitory effects are due to, at least partially, inhibiting histamine release from tracheal mast cells.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1996

Heterogeneity of eosinophils in chronic eosinophilic pneumonia.

It has previously been shown that patients with chronic eosinophilic pneumonia can be divided into 2 groups according to the chemotactic response of their eosinophils to 5 different eosinophil chemotactic factors (ECFs) and laboratory findings. In contrast, eosinophils obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage from both groups responded to all 5 ECFs. The correlation between the two groups and the expression of several antigens (VLA-4, CD69, ICAM-1 and CD11b) on eosinophils. The VLA-4 expression of group 1 eosinophils was higher than that of group 2 eosinophils. More interestingly, eosinophils that migrated towards ECF-PI9 expressed less CD69 than those that migrated towards other STO-2-derived ECF. The heterogeneous response of eosinophils to STO-2-derived ECFs suggests that the population of eosinophils is heterogeneous.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1996

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 inhibits gonadotropin-induced ovulation, oocyte maturation, and steroidogenesis in rabbit ovary.

The effects of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) on human CG (hCG)-induced oocyte maturation, ovulation, steroidogenesis, and intrafollicular plasminogen activator (PA) activity were investigated in rabbit ovaries perfused in vitro. The addition of IGFBP-3, but not IGFBP-1, to the perfusate dose dependently inhibited hCG-induced ovulation, whereas ovulation failed to occur in any ovaries perfused with medium or IGFBP-3 alone. IGFBP-3 (100 ng/ml) significantly inhibited the resumption of meiosis in ovulated ova and follicular oocytes in hCG-treated ovaries, as well as the hCG-stimulated production of estradiol (E2), but not progesterone, by the perfused ovaries. Intrafollicular PA activity increased significantly within 1 h after exposure to hCG, reaching a maximum at 4 h; IGFBP-3 significantly inhibited hCG-stimulated intrafollicular PA activity. The blockade of hCG-induced ovulation by IGFBP-3 correlated with the reduction in intrafollicular PA activity. Treatment with hCG induced a 2.5-fold increase in intrafollicular IGF-I messenger RNA levels at 4 h. Although ovulation failed to occur in ovaries treated with IGF-I (100 ng/ml) in the absence of gonadotropin, IGF-I significantly increased the mean diameter of preovulatory follicles and stimulated the resumption of meiosis in follicular oocytes. These effects of IGF-I on follicular growth and oocyte maturation were significantly inhibited by IGFBP-3 (100 ng/ml). Furthermore, IGFBP-3 significantly inhibited the IGF-I-stimulated production of E2. In conclusion, IGFBP-3, but not IGFBP-1, blocked the stimulatory effects of hCG in the ovulatory process. These findings suggest that IGFBP-3 may contribute to the regulation of intrafollicular PA activity during follicular development and ovulation evoked by gonadotropin exposure, at least in part, via neutralizing endogenously produced IGF-I.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy with chromosome 9p deletion.

We report a 31-year-old man with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy who had congenital anomalies and mental retardation. Southern blot analysis, using the probe p13E-11, displayed an abnormal EcoRI DNA fragment that reflect DNA rearrangements in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. In addition, high-resolution cytogenetic study revealed an interstitial deletion of the short arm chromosome 9: 46,XY,del(9)(p.22.1p24.1).

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy in two unrelated Japanese families.

The occurrence of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) in Orientals is uncertain. We identified two unrelated Japanese families, including 30 affected individuals (14 men, 16 women, mean age 58 years) of OPMD through four generations, with complete penetrance. Their major clinical manifestations were late-onset bilateral ptosis and dysphagia. Histologic studies of slightly affected muscles reveal mild myogenic changes, occasional rimmed vacuoles, and small angulated fibers. By contrast, the severely involved cricopharyngeal muscle showed marked loss of fibers and massive proliferation of connective tissue. Ultrastructural studies of four different biopsied muscles disclosed subsarcolemmal intranuclear tubulofilamentous inclusions, identical to those of non-Japanese OPMD patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Intestinal Na+ and Cl- levels control drinking behavior in the seawater-adapted eel Anguilla japonica

To analyze drinking mechanisms in seawater teleosts, seawater-adapted eels were used as a model system. When the intestine of the eel was perfused with iso-osmotic mannitol, the eels drank sea water. However, when the perfusion medium was switched to iso-osmotic NaCl, seawater drinking was depressed. This depression was observed even after blocking NaCl absorption across the intestine by replacement of the perfusate with choline chloride or by treatment with furosemide, an inhibitor of NaCl and water absorption across the eel intestine. Furthermore, depression of drinking rate preceded an increase in urine flow by over 1 h. These results indicate that this depression is not due to a recovery of blood volume and suggest that intestinal Cl- itself inhibits drinking. Direct action of luminal Cl- on drinking behavior was further supported by the observation that perfusion with iso-osmotic NMDG-HCl, Tris-HCl, choline chloride and RbCl all inhibited seawater drinking. When NaCl in the perfusion medium was replaced with sodium acetate, sodium butyrate, sodium methylsulfate or NaSCN, the drinking rate was enhanced threefold, suggesting that Na+ itself stimulates drinking in the absence of Cl-. In the present study, concentrations of Na+ and Cl- in the swallowed fluid were also measured simultaneously. As the drinking rate was enhanced, the Na+ and Cl- concentrations in the gastrointestinal fluid were increased. On the basis of these results, it seems possible that high concentrations of Cl- in the intestine reduce the drinking rate, thus lowering esophageal Cl- concentration due to desalination of the ingested sea water. When Cl- concentration in the intestine falls below a certain level, Na+ will stimulate seawater drinking again.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Case report: varicella-zoster virus myelitis--serial MR findings.

The authors describe a 32-year-old male in whom herpes zoster of the left upper extremity was complicated by the development of cervical myelitis. Contrast enhancement and abnormal signal intensity on T1 and T2 weighted images was seen at C1-C6 levels in the spinal cord and medulla. There was also slight enlargement of the cord at these levels. On serial MR imaging the degree of enhancement changed from marked to none with corresponding clinical improvement.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Value of the staged segmental crossclamp to the aorta technique and reimplantation of intercostal arteries for the prevention of spinal complications associated with surgery for descending and thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysms.

Spinal complication associated with descending and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm surgery is most serious. This report deals with the value of the segmental crossclamp technique and/or reimplantation of intercostal arteries for the prevention of this serious complication. The subjects were 107 patients, 87 with descending thoracic and 21 with thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm who were operated on from May 1987 to March 1992 at the National Cardiovascular Center in Osaka. The staged segmental crossclamp technique was applied in 24, while the reconstruction of intercostal arteries was undertaken in 25 patients. Thirteen patients received both procedures simultaneously. The surgical and hospital mortality rates were 1.8% and 8.4%, respectively. Spinal complications were encountered in 11 patients (8.3%), paraplegia in 2 (1.8%) and paralysis in 7 (6.5%). The incidence of paraplegia or paralysis did not decrease under the crossclamp technique and/or reimplantation of intercostal arteries, although no spinal complication was observed in the last consecutive 33 cases. It was speculated that although advances in surgical techniques in dealing with these lesions have been obtained, these two procedures did not completely prevent spinal ischemia/complication during surgical intervention.

Aorta↗
PubMed1996

Effects of eel neuropeptide Y on ion transport across the seawater eel intestine.

A neuropeptide Y (eNPY) was isolated from the intestinal extract of eels. This peptide enhanced significantly the serosa-negative transepithelial potential difference (PD) and short-circuit current (Isc) across the intestine of the seawater eel after pretreatment with isobutylmethylxanthine, serotonin and methacholine. The effects of eNPY on the Isc were concentration-dependent with a threshold concentration of 3 x 10(-9) M and a maximal effect at 3 x 10(-7) M. Similar concentration-response curve was obtained by porcine peptide YY (pPYY). Since 9 amino acid residues are replaced in the pPYY, this result indicates that these substitutions do not change the potency and the efficacy. These stimulatory actions of eNPY were not blocked by tetrodotoxin, an inhibitor of neural firing, or yohimbine, an alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, indicating that eNPY acts without enteric neural firing or catecholamine release. When eNPY and adrenaline (AD) were applied simultaneously, the effects were additive only at lower dosage (3 x 10(-8) M for eNPY, 3 x 10(-8) M for AD), but not at high dosage (10(-6) M eNPY, 10(-7) M AD). The ceiling effect at high dosage suggests that these two regulators act through common signal transduction systems and affect the Na(+)-K(+)-Cl- cotransport system, since both effects were completely blocked by bumetanide, a specific inhibitor of Na(+)-K(+)-Cl- cotransporter.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

[Mutagenicity studies of prulifloxacin (NM441) and the active metabolite (NM394)].

The mutagenicity of prulifloxacin, a new antibacterial agent, was investigated by the reverse mutation test in bacteria, the chromosomal aberration test in cultured cells, and the micronucleus test in mice. In addition, NM394, an active metabolite of prulifloxacin, was examined for mutagenicity in the chromosomal aberration test in cultured cells. The reverse mutation test was performed at dose range of 0.0078-0.25 micrograms/plate using Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA100, TA1535, TA98, and TA1537), and Escherichia coli (WP2uvrA). Prulifloxacin did not increase revertant colonies significantly in any of the test strains with or without metabolic activation system (S9 mix). The chromosomal aberration tests were carried out in cultured Chinese hamster lung cells (CHL/IU). Prulifloxacin increased aberrant cells without S9 mix, and NM394 also induced chromosomal aberrations. In human lymphocytes, no significant increases of the frequencies of cells with chromosomal aberrations were observed at dose range of 5-320 micrograms/ml with or without S9 mix. The micronucleus test was conducted at doses of 625-5000 mg/kg in the bone marrow cells of Slc : ddY male mice. There were no significant increases in the frequencies of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Distribution of dystrophin and dystrophin-associated protein 43DAG (beta-dystroglycan) in the central nervous system of normal controls and patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

In skeletal muscles of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the absence of dystrophin was thought to lead to the large reduction in all of the dystrophin-associated proteins (DAPs). Of the seven types of DAPs identified in skeletal muscle, only the 43-kDa glycoprotein (beta-dystroglycan) has recently been found in the monkey brain. To clarify the distribution and characterization of dystrophin and beta-dystroglycan in the brain of humans, we carried out immunostaining and immunoblotting studies on tissues from three DMD patients with intellectual disturbances (ages 17,22, and 26 years) and in five controls (age range, 42-74 years). An antidystrophin antibody revealed dystrophin to be localized in neuronal cells and in the vascular wall in control brains, but it was absent from these tissues in DMD patients. In contrast, beta-dystroglycan was distributed throughout neuronal cells and in the vascular wall of control brains, and was well preserved in the brain of patients with DMD.

Adolescent↗