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M Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to M Anderson.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Characterization of add(1)(p36) in non-Hodgkin lymphomas by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Chromosome rearrangements involving chromosome I, band p36, are among the most common aberrations in non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). We have studied nine cases of NHL with add(1)(p36) using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) from a series of 205 cases. Five were follicular low-grade NHL and four were follicular or diffuse high-grade NHL. Three of the five cases with follicular low-grade NHL did not contain the 14;18 translocation. The extra material on the add(1)(p36) in these three cases was derived from chromosome segment 2q31-qter; in one it was observed as a sole clonal rearrangement. In the two remaining cases, with t(14;18), the add(1)(p36) consisted of material from chromosome arms 3q and 17q, respectively. In the four cases of high-grade NHL, the material added on to Ip36 was derived from chromosomes 6, 9, 17, and 19, respectively. Using a Ip36-specific probe, DIS94, we showed a deletion on the add(1) in one of the cases with low-grade NHL, whereas no loss was observed in one of the cases with high-grade NHL. Our study indicates that cytogenetically similar add(1)(p36) are found in both high- and low-grade NHL, and the breakpoint on Ip36 as well as the origin of translocated material may vary.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1995

The outcome of contact procedures for tuberculosis in Edinburgh, Scotland 1982-1991.

We have reviewed the records of 632 (80%) of the 788 index cases of tuberculosis notified in Edinburgh from 1982-1991 to assess the value of contact procedures for tuberculosis. Screening was by tuberculin testing and radiological follow-up for 6 months. Fifty (7.9%) of 632 notifications were detected by contact procedures and a further 35 contacts had recent infection qualifying for chemoprophylaxis. Tuberculosis was diagnosed at the first clinic visit in 38 (76%) cases and a further 11 (22%) were diagnosed at 3 months. Twenty-seven (54%) contacts with tuberculosis were in the 0-14 year age group. BCG vaccination offered 59% protection. Forty-two (84%) cases of tuberculosis were in contacts of sputum smear-positive respiratory index cases. Contact procedures continue to be effective in identifying new cases of tuberculosis in Edinburgh. Most cases occur in children who are close contacts of smear-positive respiratory index cases and are identified within 3 months of initiating screening. Screening of close contacts other than those of smear-positive respiratory disease is usually unnecessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Demonstration of smoking-related DNA damage in cervical epithelium and correlation with human papillomavirus type 16, using exfoliated cervical cells.

Smoking is a known aetiological risk factor for cervical cancer. Smoking-related DNA damage (DNA adducts), in cervical epithelial cells, has recently been demonstrated to suggest a causal role in the development of cervical cancer. Human papillomavirus 16 (HPV 16) is a known oncogenic virus and is also implicated as a cause of cervical cancer. It has been suggested that both smoking and HPV may act synergistically in the development of cervical cancer. We have investigated the cervical DNA adduct level and the prevalence of HPV 16 (using polymerase chain reaction) in women who had normal cervical cytology. Both the DNA adduct assay and the HPV assay were carried out on exfoliated cervical cells recovered from cervical scrapes. In 87% of the cases there was enough DNA from the exfoliative cervical cells to analyse for DNA adducts. Smokers had higher DNA adduct levels than non-smokers (P = 0.002), confirming the previous data from cervical biopsy samples. Forty-two per cent of the specimens were found to be HPV 16 positive. There was no significant difference in smoking-related DNA damage (DNA adduct levels) between HPV-positive and HPV-negative smokers. This suggests that smoking DNA damage does not augment HPV infectivity. These results do not, therefore, support the molecular synergism theory.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Grunting respirations in infants and children.

Grunting respirations are recognized as a sign of serious illness in infants and children, but have not been well studied beyond the newborn period. We present three illustrative cases and the results of a descriptive study which elucidates the causes of grunting in infants and children and suggests guidelines for assessing pediatric patients with this symptom. All patients between one month and 18 years of age who presented to the Emergency Department (ED) of The Children's Hospital of Denver during the last five months of 1992 with grunting respirations were prospectively identified, and their charts were retrospectively reviewed. The 51 pediatric patients with grunting respirations (0.3% of all patients seen in the ED) fell into three groups based upon mode of presentation: 1) 55% presented with predominantly respiratory signs and symptoms, and each one had a respiratory or cardiac condition; 2) 25% presented with high fever (greater than 38.5 degrees C) but without respiratory signs and symptoms, and all had an infectious cause (three fourths of them had an invasive bacterial disease); 3) 20% presented with neither fever nor respiratory signs or symptoms and had one of a variety of conditions which appeared to cause pain. Presenting symptoms can guide the selection of tests used to evaluate the infant or child with grunting respirations. Guidelines for evaluation are provided in this report.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Frequent association of t(3;14) or variant with other lymphoma-specific translocations.

Malignant lymphomas (ML) with t(3;14) or variant t(2;3) and t(3;22) have recently been recognized. These translocations have been shown to associate predominantly with B-cell diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL) and less frequently with follicular lymphoma (FL). The molecular alterations associated with these translocations involve one of the immunoglobulin gene (Ig) loci and a recently cloned gene, bcl-6 located at 3q27 which codes for a zinc-finger protein that may function as a transcription factor. We have identified by cytogenetic analysis 22 cases of ML with a 3q27/Ig translocation. The pathologic diagnoses of these cases include DLCL, FL, small non-cleaved non-Burkitt lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Molecular analysis confirmed a bcl-6 rearrangement in 10/12 cases tested. The karyotype in 5/22 cases revealed the t(3;14) or variant in association with another lymphoma-specific translocation, t(14;18) in three cases and t(8;14) in two cases. ML with dual translocations that implicate Ig genes in the deregulation of proto-oncogenes are being increasingly recognized and may represent distinct subtypes or 'hybrid' forms of malignant lymphoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Silicone breast implant-associated scarring dystrophy of the arm.

BACKGROUND: Breast implants have been known to rupture after trauma or closed capsulotomy with spread of the gel down the arm or abdominal wall. Nodular foreign-body granulomatous reactions have been reported in these cases. We report the unique occurrence of significant overlying scarring and ulceration following silicone gel migration down the affected arm. OBSERVATIONS: A 47-year-old woman experienced rupture of her right silicone gel implant with migration of the silicone down her arm 10 years before our examination. Skin changes with atrophic hidebound scarring and ulceration slowly progressed over the last 7 years. Radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging scans demonstrated material consistent with silicone in the soft tissues. CONCLUSIONS: Silicone is not an inert substance and can rarely result in devastating local tissue destruction where migration has occurred. The possibility of significant silicone gel migration should be considered during evaluation of patients with ruptured implants.

Arm↗
PubMed1994

Identification of a novel family of human endogenous retroviruses and characterization of one family member, HERV-K(C4), located in the complement C4 gene cluster.

We have identified a novel family of about 10-50 human endogenous retrovirus elements (HERVs) and have characterized one family member (HERV-KC4). This retrovirus element is integrated within intron 9 of and complement C4A genes and also in some C4B genes, and is a principal contribution to interlocus and interallelic length heterogeneity of C4 genes. The HERV-K(C4) sequence has a typical retrovirus structure with elements of gag, pol and env domains, flanked by two long terminal repeats (LTRs) and is similar to type A, B and D retroviruses. Multiple termination codons preclude the existence of long open reading frames, suggesting that the HERV-K(C4) sequence is no longer functional. Zoo blot hybridization reveals that New World monkeys appear to lack sequences similar to HERV-K(C4), suggesting that integration has occurred after the divergence of Old and New World monkeys. Retrotransposition of prototype viruses is presumed to have led to the amplification and integration of the members of the family in different loci, which in humans, appear to be dispersed over several chromosomes. The absence of the HERV-K(C4) element in some C4B genes in both humans and orangutangs indicate that the retrovirus inserted into the C4A gene after the duplication of the cluster. Subsequent spread of the HERV-K(C4) sequence to C4B genes presumably occurred by interlocus sequence exchange mechanisms, such as unequal crossover and gene conversion-like mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Loss of a histidine residue at the active site of S-locus ribonuclease is associated with self-compatibility in Lycopersicon peruvianum.

Gametophytic self-incompatibility in the Solanaceae is controlled by a single, multiallelic locus, the S locus. We have recently described an allele of the S locus of Lycopersicon peruvianum that caused this normally self-incompatible plant to become self-compatible. We have now characterized two glycoproteins present in the styles of self-compatible and self-incompatible accessions of L. peruvianum: one is a ribonuclease that cosegregates with a functional self-incompatibility allele (S6 allele); the other cosegregates with the self-compatible allele (Sc allele) but has no ribonuclease activity. The derived amino acid sequences of the cDNAs encoding the S6 and Sc glycoproteins resemble sequences of other ribonucleases encoded by the S locus. The derived sequence for the Sc glycoprotein differs from the others by lacking one of the histidine residues found in all other S-locus ribonucleases. These findings demonstrate the essential role of ribonuclease activity in self-incompatibility and lend further weight to evidence that this histidine residue is involved in the catalytic site of the enzyme.

Alleles↗
PubMed1994

Apparent gossypol-induced toxicosis in adult dairy goats.

Consumption of a cotton-seed meal-based mineral supplement (cattle label) and a concentrate dairy mix (goat label) resulted in gossypol toxicosis in 3 adult dairy goats. The primary clinical signs were limb swelling and stiffness, ventral abdominal edema, and anorexia. All does died within a few days of the onset of illness. Necropsy revealed generalized subcutaneous edema, acute centrilobular necrosis of the liver, and myocardial fibrosis, consistent with a diagnosis of gossypol toxicosis. It was estimated that the does had consumed from 348 to 414 mg of free gossypol/d for at least 3 months. Apparent gossypol toxicosis in goats consuming this amount of free gossypol indicates that goats may be more susceptible than cattle to this substance.

Animal Feed↗