Mechanical ventilators optimized for pediatric use decrease work of breathing and oxygen consumption during pressure-support ventilation.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
M Anders
Publications and source records attributed to M Anders.
Management strategies for bone loss in tibial shaft fractures.
Fifty open tibial fractures with circumferential cortical bone loss were reviewed. Prospective treatment protocols included fracture stabilization with repeated irrigation and debridement followed by wound coverage. Bony stabilization was accomplished using external fixators, small diameter unreamed interlocking nails, and, in rare instances, plate fixation. Bone graft procedures included posterolateral bone graft, elevation of the free flap or direct anterolateral grafting, bone transport techniques, and free vascularized fibula transfer. Average followup was 18 months (range, 9-40 months). The index graft procedure was used in 30 patients (60%) for fracture healing. The rate of union was 98%, with an average total treatment time of 42.4 weeks (range, 23-80 weeks). Malunion was more likely to develop in patients treated with external fixation and posterolateral bone graft (p = 0.007). Intramedullary nails with direct bone grafting had shorter times to union and shorter total treatment times. The use of free vascular fibular transfers in acute injuries was not successful. Good results were obtained with bone transport techniques. Developing a healthy soft tissue envelope before reconstruction of these injuries is important. Techniques of reconstruction had no correlation to the development of nonunion or infection. They were valuable in determining malunion and total treatment time. These data confirm that carefully staged reconstruction leads to successful outcomes.
Adolescent↗
[ERWIPA--a standardized inventory for assessment of illness-related insight in patients with schizophrenia].
55 schizophrenic patients answered a 2 x 30 items questionnaire, Item analysis showed a low discriminative power, the initial forms differing with regard to degree of difficulty. Items with discriminative power over 0.30 were arranged into two thematically similar 13 item forms of equal difficulty. The questionnaires ERWIPA-A and ERWIPA-B consist of 2 x 20 items. The first item of each from had been answered correctly by all patients from our sample. We considered six additional items because future research may to different results as far as discriminative power is concerned. The average difficulty of both ERWIPA forms is equal for both the 2 x 13 items and the 2 x 20 items version.
Adult↗
Proto-oncogene expression in cultured synovial fibroblasts of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Total RNA was isolated from cultured synovial fibroblasts of nine patients with rheumatoid arthritis and two controls (cruciate ligament ruptures). RNA was dot-blotted and hybridized with nine different, cloned cellular or viral oncogene probes. None of the proto-oncogenes showed a significant difference of expression in cultured fibroblasts from patients with rheumatoid arthritis when compared to the expression of control fibroblasts.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
[Cryotherapy in the treatment of vitreous hemorrhage of various origin].
In 54 eyes from the same number of patients transconjunctival cryotherapy was performed (12 points and 8-10 circular ones in the outer retinal periphery) to influence the absorption of vitreous haemorrhages of different aetiology. The most frequent cause was the proliferative stage of diabetic retinopathy (53.7%) and vascular changes in atherosclerosis (39%). Haemorrhage of the vitreous persisted on average for five months. Eight months after the intervention complete or partial reabsorption led to improvement of the eyesight in 74% of the patients, no change was recorded in 16.6% and further deterioration occurred in 9.4%. No serious per- or postoperative complications were recorded, the method is unpretentious, can be used in ambulatory patients, it is repeatable and suitable also as preparation before vitreous surgery.
Adult↗
[Equipment for spray-freezing in ophthalmology].
The authors discuss the theoretical background of the method of spray/freezing for destructive processes and their advantages. They demonstrate a cryo-apparatus IKG 3 for liquid nitrogen which is part of the Dresden equipment and was elaborated by the department for cryomedicine of the "Carl Gustav Carus" Academy in cooperation with the Technical University in Dresden. The apparatus produces a fine dispensable spray of the cooling mixture and permits treatment even of small tissue areas.
Cryosurgery↗
[Clinical use of the spray-freezing method in ophthalmology].
The authors describe a therapeutic method using spray freezing in the treatment of malignant tumours of the eyelids and conjunctivae, trichiasis and distichiasis and forms of conjunctivitis vernalis which cannot be checked by drugs. The authors discuss the results assembled in a large group of patients during 1971-1987 (4,084 patients). The results provide convincing evidence that the method is successful in these indications and that it has preference before contact freezing. Treatment of all patients was implemented using the Dresden cryotherapeutic apparatus IKG 3.
Conjunctival Neoplasms↗
Definitive control of mortality from severe pelvic fracture.
Within a group of 271 patients with pelvic fracture, 69 patients met criteria for severe hemorrhage. Sixty consecutive patients were treated by a combined multispecialty musculoskeletal trauma service using a protocol designed to control bleeding, rapidly diagnose and control associated injuries, as well as to prepare the patient for open reduction of the pelvic fracture, if appropriate. The pneumatic antishock garment, external fixation, and angiography were selectively used to control bleeding. Abdominal injuries were diagnosed using clinical examination and diagnostic peritoneal lavage. When lavage aspirate was grossly bloody, patients had no negative explorations. Microscopically positive lavages were associated with a 50% false-negative rate. Using the protocol, the mortality rate was 5%. Overall mortality rate was 10%. The combination of a trauma team approach and a specifically designed protocol reduces the number of deaths from pelvic fracture.
Adult↗
[Fibrous hamartoma in the infant].
Fibrous hamartoma is a rare example of juvenile fibromatoses. We report a case of an 11 month old infancy with presenting of clinical picture, morphological findings and therapy. Biological behaviour, differential diagnosis and pathogenetic connections to other fibromatoses were discussed.
Adipose Tissue↗
Mutagenicity of the phenolic microsomal metabolites of 3-nitrofluoranthene and 1-nitropyrene in strains of Salmonella typhimurium.
The environmental pollutant 3-nitrofluoranthene is metabolized in vitro and in vivo to several products including the phenolic metabolites 3-nitrofluoranthen-6-ol (3NF-6-ol), 3-nitrofluoranthen-8-ol (3NF-8-ol), and 3-nitrofluoranthen-9-ol (3NF-9-ol). Similarly, 1-nitropyrene is metabolized to the phenolic metabolites 1-nitropyren-3-ol (1NP-3-ol), 1-nitropyren-6-ol (1NP-6-ol), and 1-nitropyren-8-ol (1NP-8-ol). The mutagenicity of these compounds was investigated using strains of Salmonella typhimurium deficient in either certain nitroreductases or the aryl hydroxylamine O-esterificase. In TA98, 3-nitrofluoranthene and 3NF-8-ol were equally mutagenic at approximately 10(3) revertants/nmole while 3NF-6-ol and 3NF-9-ol were 10-fold less mutagenic. 1-Nitropyrene and 1NP-3-ol likewise were equally mutagenic at approximately 700 revertants/nmole and 1NP-6-ol and 1NP-8-ol were 100-fold less mutagenic. The mutagenicity of 1-nitropyrene was dependent on the 'classical nitroreductase' which is absent in TA98NR, and that of 3-nitrofluoranthene, 3NF-8-ol, and 1NP-3-ol was less dependent on this nitroreductase. Using TA98/1,8DNP6, it was determined that the mutagenicity of 3-nitrofluoranthene, 3NF-8-ol, and 1NP-3-ol but not 1-nitropyrene was dependent on the presence of the O-esterificase. 3-Nitrofluoranthene and 3NF-8-ol were mutagenic in TA100, while 3NF-6-ol and 3NF-9-ol were considerably less mutagenic. 3-Nitrofluoranthene was not mutagenic in TA100NR nor in TA100-Tn5-1,8DNP1012. None of the phenolic metabolites of 3-nitrofluoranthene were mutagenic in TA100-TN5-1,8DNP1012 indicating a strong dependence for mutagenicity on the O-esterificase or the 1,8-dinitropyrene nitroreductase which is absent in this strain. These results are discussed in view of possible mechanisms for the differences in the mutagenicity of the phenolic metabolites of these two nitrated arenes.
Biotransformation↗
The immunohistochemical reactivity of an anti-epithelial monoclonal antibody (b-12) in meningiomas.
Studies on immunohistochemical localization of the epitope b-12 were performed in 15 meningiomas using an indirect immunoperoxidase method. 2 of 15 meningiomas stained for b-12. The b-12 antigen represents a further epithelial marker detectable in meningiomas.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
[Cryotherapeutic possibilities in the treatment of corneal burns with acid in an animal experiment. II. Histochemical study].
On 10 experimental animals (20 eyes of bastard rabbits) the authors tested the possibility to influence by cryostimulation the increase of the acid mucopolysaccharide content (glycosaminoglycans or proteoglycans) after damaging the eye with 6.0% = 1.4 N sulphuric acid. Eight corneae were subjected to cryotherapeutic treatment 4-6 hours after corrosion, by the method of contact freezing with a cryoapparatus OKG 2, using a technique which in the first part of the work had a convincing cryostimulating effect: working temperature -70 degrees C, 10 spots with a diameter of 2 mm for 7 seconds placed directly in the cornea surrounding the damaged area. As controls for both groups (corroded and cryotreated and corroded not treated) served four normal intact corneae (two animals as above). Collection of samples of the cornea was made on the 4th and 10th day after corrosion. The corneae were processed by histological methods stained with toluidine and alcian blue. It was revealed that on the 4th as well as 10th day after cryostimulation the acid mucopolysaccharide content was higher than without cryostimulation. On the 10th day after the injury and cryotherapy the acid mucopolysaccharide content was normal. The results were evaluated by Fischer's test. The increase of acid mucopolysaccharides on the cornae was more rapid than at the 1% level of significance, as compared with corneae without cryotherapy. Cryotherapy thus promoted restoration of acid mucopolysaccharides in the corroded corneae.
Animals↗
[Clinico-pathology of salivary gland tumors of the head in children and adolescents].
Tumours of salivary glands are rare in childhood and adolescence. Our material consists of 10 observations. The principles of classification of these tumours and the differences to the adults are reviewed. Nonepithelial tumours are diagnosed in a higher percentage in the first two decades of life. Epithelial neoplasms are often connected with doubtful or malignant behaviour.
Adolescent↗
[Cryotherapeutic possibilities in the treatment of corneal burns with acid in an animal experiment. I. The length of time required for reepithelialization and clearing of corneal clouding].
The aim of the work was to assess in animal experiments whether it is possible to achieve by a cryostimulation regime a therapeutic effect in standardized corrosion with sulphuric acid. To this end both eyes of 50 experimental animals (bastard rabbits) were corroded with sulphuric acid concentrations of 1.2%-6.0%. On the right eyes of the experimental animals after 4-6 hours following corrosion cryotherapy, using the method of contact freezing, was applied. The authors investigated two cryostimulation regimes: working temperature -70 degrees C, 10 points for 7 seconds on the borderline of the corroded area of the cornea, and working temperature of -160 degrees C, 10 points and four seconds on the limbus of the cornea. As criterium of the therapeutic effect they used the period of reepithelization of the corneal defect and clearing of the corneal turbidity to complete transparency. Statistically significant shortening of the investigated parameters--reepithelization and clearing of the cornea--was observed at the working temperature of -70 degrees C and by using the points at the borderline of the corroded area for cryoapplication.
Animals↗
[Cryoimmunotherapy of herpetic and metaherpetic keratitis].
In 11 patients with relapsing herpetic keratitis and metaherpetic ulcers cryoimmunotherapy, as recommended by Amoils, was applied. Under instillation anaesthesia three cryocycles were made using a temperature of -80 degrees on the entire area of the lesion with subsequent instillation of 60 drops (1 drop per minute) of serum obtained from 15 ml of the patient's blood mixed with 5 ml gamma globulin. In all 11 patients progression of the disease was arrested, though it could not be checked by previous conservative therapy. The cornea cleared and vision improved. The method is effective, simple and expands therapeutic procedures which can be used in these tiresome conditions.
Adult↗
[Cryotherapy of recurrent corneal erosions].
In three patients with numerous relapses of corneal erosions cryotherapy in the sense of cryostimulation was performed. Short-term medium intense cryoapplication was used - 1 cryocycle of -80 degrees C for 7 seconds on the whole area of the defect, using an applicator with a working area of 2 mm. On the third day after the procedure in all eyes satisfactory epithelization occurred. On the fifth day after the procedure the eye had recovered. The observation period is 13-17 months - no relapse. Cryotherapy proved the most effective of all hitherto used therapeutic procedures.
Adult↗
[Dacryocystorhinostomy with temporary intubation using a Hatt set].
During the period between June 1987 and March 1988 the authors performed 10 dacryocystorhinostomies with temporary intubation of the new efferent pathways, using a Hatt set. Three patients removed the set themselves during the early postoperative period. The authors evaluate thus seven successful intubations lasting two months. The observation period is six to eighteen months. In six patients the new efferent pathways are patent without signs of epiphora not even when lacrimation is irritated. One patient developed during the postoperative period torpid rhinitis persisting for two months and a block at the junction of the canaliculi. The results even in this small group are encouraging and the authors assume that temporary intubation with a Hatt set, which was very well tolerated by the patients, will enhances the success of this promising operation.
Dacryocystorhinostomy↗
[Histological grading of neuroblastomas. 25 cases].
Histological studies were conducted into 25 cases of neuroblastoma selected from consecutive biopsy material. They were 4 grade I, 5 grade II and 16 grade III tumours, according to the classification of Hughes et al. Two of the grade I neuroblastomas exhibited diffuse growth patterns. The other two were diagnosed as composite types. The histological signs of differentiation and their prognostic value are discussed.
Child↗