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Biomedical subjects

M Amitai

Publications and source records attributed to M Amitai.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Neonatal noma.

Neonatal noma is a rare clinical syndrome affecting term and preterm infants. It causes gangrene of the orofacial tissues accompanied by sepsis and a high mortality rate. A preterm 35-week infant, severely growth retarded in utero, developed clinical signs of sepsis with ulcers all over the oral mucosa caused by local infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The lesions healed with cicatricial sequelae of the mouth, sequestration of teeth, and retraction of perimandibular soft tissues.

Female↗
PubMed1992

Ectopic ureterocele in adults with a comparison of the anomaly in children.

Ectopic ureteroceles, while not uncommon in children, have been reported only rarely in adults. We present five adults with ectopic ureteroceles with emphasis on the varied clinical and radiographic manifestations. These findings were compared with those in 32 children with ectopic ureterocele. It was found that the clinical presentation differed in adults and children, but the radiological findings were similar. The diagnosis was in some cases delayed for many years. The anomaly could not be detected by imaging means in two of five adults and eight of 32 children, and was found only at surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Systemic candidal infections associated with use of peripheral venous catheters in neonates: a 9-year experience.

The clinical courses of 25 infants with systemic candidiasis who were treated in the neonatal intensive care unit at Kaplan Hospital, Rehovot, Israel, during the period 1980-1989 were retrospectively analyzed. Twenty-three (92%) weighted less than 1,500 g at birth. Candidemia was associated with prolonged antibiotic therapy, hyperalimentation, and intravenous fat emulsions in all cases and with previous tracheal intubation in 80% of cases. Only one infant had a central venous catheter placed; for all others, hyperalimentation was administered by means of peripheral intravenous catheters. The mean age at onset of systemic candidiasis was 30 +/- 14 days, although an earlier onset (25 +/- 8 days) was noted during the last 3 years of the study period. Candida species were isolated from the blood of 24 infants and from the urine of 10 infants. Microscopic examination of the urine was positive for Candida organisms for three infants and led to a rapid diagnosis. Candidal skin abscesses were present in 11 infants (44%); for two of these infants, the early occurrence of such abscesses prompted the initiation of therapy before confirmation of the diagnosis of systemic candidiasis. All infants were treated with intravenous amphotericin B and oral 5-fluorocytosine. The mortality rate was 20%, but death was directly attributable to candidemia in only three infants (12%).

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Postoperative pneumoperitoneum as detected by CT: prevalence, duration, and relevant factors affecting its possible significance.

BACKGROUND: To determine the prevalence and duration of postoperative pneumoperitoneum as detected on computed tomography (CT) and to evaluate factors that influence postoperative pneumoperitoneum. METHODS: One hundred three CT examinations of 89 patients performed after abdominal surgery for various indications were prospectively collected and reviewed. The presence and volume of free air were noted and correlated with patients' sex, age, and habitus, with the time interval between surgery and CT, with the type of surgery, and with the presence of drains. RESULTS: Pneumoperitoneum was seen in 44% of examinations performed in the first 3 days after surgery and in 30% between the 4th and 18th postoperative days. The prevalence and volume of free air decreased with the time interval between surgery and CT. It was not detected in any of the 11 examinations performed beyond the 18th postoperative day. The volume of free air in the majority of examinations did not exceed 10 mL and ranged from 0.2 to 10 mL in 19 patients (66% of patients with free air). Larger volumes of free air, ranging from 10 to 20 mL and from 20 to 40 mL, were observed in 5 (17%) and 4 (14%) patients, respectively, and only one patient had more than 40 mL of free air. Free air was found significantly more often in male and in asthenic patients; age had no significant effect. Free air was more prevalent in the presence of drains. The type of surgery did not significantly influence the prevalence of postoperative pneumoperitoneum, although it was noted slightly less often after laparoscopic surgery than after open laparotomy. CONCLUSIONS: Pneumoperitoneum is a common phenomenon after abdominal surgery, decreasing in frequency with time. The air is most often residual and not a sign of disruption of the gastrointestinal tract. Obesity, female sex, and occurrence of free air several weeks after surgery are factors suggestive of a leak, but the significance of a postoperative pneumoperitoneum on CT should be determined mainly by the clinical setting.

Abdomen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Urinary excretion of orally ingested gastrografin on CT.

Renal excretion of orally ingested gastrografin has rarely been reported on computed tomography (CT). We studied the unenhanced scans of 82 patients with bowel disorders or perforation to assess the prevalence of urinary contrast material (CM) in various bowel diseases. We also assessed the clinical significance of this sign. In addition, we reviewed the unenhanced CT scans of 100 randomly selected patients without bowel diseases as a control group. Twenty-nine of the 58 patients with bowel diseases, six of nine with free perforation, and one of 15 with covered perforation had CM in the urinary tract. None of the 100 without bowel disease showed urinary CM. Statistical analysis was done by using the Fisher's exact test. The prevalence of urinary CM was highest in inflammatory bowel disease, radiation enteritis, and free perforation (p < 0. 0001). This study shows that the CT finding of orally ingested gastrografin in the urinary tract differentiates patients with bowel disease from those without.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Polysplenia syndrome detected in adulthood: report of eight cases and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: To present the computed tomographic (CT) features of the abdominal anomalies consistent with polysplenia syndrome in adults. Awareness of these abnormalities may avoid misdiagnosing characteristic findings as separate pathological processes. METHODS: Imaging studies, mainly abdominal CT scans, of eight patients were reviewed. Attention was directed to the location of the multiple spleens, stomach, and liver and to the possible presence of a short pancreas, malrotation of the intestine, and venous anomalies. We also reviewed the CT findings of 15 adult patients described in the literature. RESULTS: Three men and five women underwent CT for various unrelated conditions. The most common findings were multiple spleens along the greater curvature of the stomach, which were located in the right upper quadrant in six patients. The inferior vena cava was seen on the left side in seven subjects, with azygos/hemiazygos continuation in six. A preduodenal portal vein was present in seven subjects. The liver was in the midline in four patients and on the left side in two. A short pancreas was seen in four patients, intestinal nonrotation in five, and dextrocardia in two. The prevalence of these anomalies was similar to that of the reviewed cases. CONCLUSIONS: CT proved to be an excellent imaging modality in the diagnosis of the abdominal anomalies. Some of these (a short pancreas, multiple spleens, and azygos continuation) can simulate pathological processes. Hence the importance of recognizing these CT findings as part of a syndrome.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗