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Biomedical subjects

M Amin

Publications and source records attributed to M Amin.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Clinical relevance of serum nortriptyline and 10-hydroxy-nortriptyline measurements in the depressed elderly: a multicenter pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study.

In a recent placebo-controlled multicenter study, 38 patients, ranging in age between 62 and 88 years (median, 71) were treated with nortriptyline (NT) for up to 7 weeks. NT was administered in a divided dose of 75 mg daily and serum NT (se NT), and its 10-hydroxy-metabolites (se OH-NT) were determined at various intervals. Several clinical measures of efficacy, including the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, were evaluated weekly as well as side effects (anticholinergic) and electrocardiogram (ECG) changes. Eighty-one percent of patients had NT levels in the previously defined therapeutic range of 50 to 170 ng/ml, with steady state reached between 1 and 3 weeks. There was little individual variation in drug kinetics and metabolism over the study period. In general se OH-NT levels were not greater than those of se NT. Pharmacodynamic analyses showed that patients with moderate to severe anticholinergic side effects [CSE(+)] had significantly higher NT levels than those with mild or no symptoms [CSE(-)]. Furthermore, repeated-measures ANOVA modeled over time showed a highly significant decrease in clinical measures in both CSE groups of patients and also a highly significant group-time interaction. Higher se OH-NT levels were associated with less anticholinergic side effects. No ECG changes were observed.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Sertraline safety and efficacy in major depression: a double-blind fixed-dose comparison with placebo.

In a 6-week, randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial, sertraline 50 mg, 100 mg, or 200 mg, or placebo, was administered once daily to 369 patients with DSM-III-defined major depression. Efficacy variables included changes from baseline scores for total Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD), HAMD Bech Depression Cluster, Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) Severity, CGI Improvement, and Profile of Mood States Depression/Dejection Factor. For the evaluable-patients analysis, all sertraline groups showed significantly (p < 0.05 or better) greater improvements in all efficacy variables except one when compared with the placebo group. For the all-patients analysis, all efficacy variables in the 50 mg group were statistically significantly (p < 0.05) better than placebo. Side effects increased with increasing dosage but were usually mild and well tolerated. The results of this study show that sertraline 50 mg once daily is as effective as higher dosages for the treatment of major depression with fewer side effects and therapy discontinuations.

1-Naphthylamine↗
PubMed1995

Moclobemide and nortriptyline in elderly depressed patients. A randomized, multicentre trial against placebo.

Moclobemide and nortriptyline were compared with placebo in a double-blind randomized multinational (Canada, Denmark and UK) trial comprising 109 patients of > 60 years of age with major depression (DSM-III-R). Patients were randomized to 7 weeks of treatment with doses of 400 mg/day moclobemide, 75 mg/day nortriptyline or placebo. It was necessary to adjust nortriptyline dosage in < 20% of patients to maintain serum levels within the postulated therapeutic window of 50-170 ng/ml. At end of treatment, the remission rates were 23% for moclobemide, 33% for nortriptyline and 11% for placebo. Anticholinergic and orthostatic events occurred more often with patients on nortriptyline than either moclobemide or placebo.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

A kinetic scheme for the early phase of ATP hydrolysis by actomyosin ATPase and its bioenergetic implications.

By following the absorption pattern of the dye orthocresol red in stopped flow spectrophotometer we have studied the H+ liberation in the early phase of ATP hydrolysis by myosin and actomyosin ATPases at different molar ratios of ATP:ATPase. In the case of myosin alone, we observe alkalination up to a molar ratio of 10:1 and net acidification above 30:1. In the case of actomyosin, hydrolysis results in acidification for all ratios. Estimation of Pi generated in the early phase, employing a coupled enzyme system, gives Pi early burst magnitude of 6.2/head of myosin. Interpreting alkalination as release of HPO2(4-) unaccompanied by H+ in the case of myosin for molar ratios less than 10:1 together with the results of Pi estimation we deduce that between 6 to 10, H+ ions are withheld by myosin in the early burst phase. Polymerized actin was found to induce concomitant release of H+ during the early phase of ATP hydrolysis. A kinetic scheme is proposed for actomyosin ATPase which encompasses the pre-steady state as well. Bioenergetic significance of these protons held by the myosin heads for the process of muscular contraction is discussed.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1995

Hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma: clinical studies in 10 families.

We recently described a 3-generation family with members affected with papillary renal cell carcinoma, an uncommon histological type of renal cell carcinoma. Possibly family 150 is an isolated occurrence, a reflection of some as yet unknown environmental factor. Alternatively, family 150 may represent a distinct class of inherited cancer. To distinguish between these 2 possibilities we sought additional families with papillary renal cell carcinoma and we identified 9 with members affected with papillary renal cell carcinoma. There were 29 affected male and 12 affected female subjects (ratio 2.41:1), including affected members of family 150. Papillary renal cell carcinomas were often detected incidentally in asymptomatic individuals or during screening of asymptomatic members of renal cell carcinoma families. The penetrance, the proportion of obligate gene carriers that showed clinical evidence of the disease, was reduced. The median survival of affected individuals was 52 years. The results support the concept that the predisposition to develop papillary renal cell carcinomas may be inherited and that hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma constitutes a distinct class of inherited cancer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus in Pakistani thalassaemics by particle agglutination test utilizing C 200 and C 22-3 viral antigen coated particles.

Exposure to hepatitis C virus (HCV) and its effect on ALT levels was studied in 35 transfusion dependent cases of thalassaemia major. Twenty-one (60%) cases were anti HCV positive and also showed raised Alanine Transaminase (ALT) levels. Of 14 anti HCV negative, Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBs Ag) negative seven showed raised ALT levels, indicating the chances of acute viraemia. Thus there is an urgent need to start anti HCV screening on all blood donations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Surgical access to an impacted lower third molar by sagittal splitting of the mandible: a case report.

It is well documented that surgical removal of an impacted mandibular third molar may damage the inferior alveolar nerve. Assessing the likelihood of injury depends to a great extent on preoperative radiographic examination, to determine the proximity of the tooth to the nerve. If the nerve and tooth are closely related the roots should be divided and removed separately. In the case reported here, elective sagittal splitting of the mandible was used to gain access to an impacted lower third molar, which was intimately involved with the inferior alveolar nerve.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Determination of steroids in urine by micellar HPLC with detection by sensitized terbium fluorescence.

Efficient Förster energy transfer from steroid donors to a terbium ion acceptor occurs in aqueous solution when the two species are sequestered in sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles. The microorganized medium provides both proximity between donor and acceptor and protection from quenching of terbium fluorescence by water. Detection limits down to 100 pg have been achieved for steroids with an alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl group in the A-ring. This detection strategy has been used in HPLC separations, using either normal- or reversed-phase chromatography with postcolumn addition of detergent and/or terbium, or micellar chromatography with the detergent solution as the mobile phase. This last method proved to be superior, requiring no sample preparation and allowing direct injection of urine onto the HPLC column.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1993

Patient compliance in treatment of prostate cancer with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist.

Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist therapy is commonly used as a form of hormonal ablative therapy in patients with advanced prostate cancer. It is important to administer LHRH agonist every four weeks. Any delay of more than two weeks is associated with the risk of disease flare. A retrospective review of two groups of patients were compared. Twenty-five patients treated at the Veterans Administration Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky, showed that 44 percent missed one or more injections and 24 percent had a delay of more than two weeks after the scheduled time for another injection. Twenty-three patients were treated by a private practice group in Louisville, Kentucky. There were no problems with compliance. An office nurse kept a separate register for patients receiving LHRH agonist therapy and their appointments. For LHRH therapy to be effective, we believe that the level of compliance one could expect from an individual should be determined before instituting LHRH agonist therapy. If good compliance is not assured, alternative forms of hormone ablative therapy may be preferable for patients with advanced prostate cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

A comparison of the cardiac safety and therapeutic efficacy of trimipramine versus doxepin in geriatric depressed patients.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the cardiac safety and therapeutic efficacy of trimipramine and doxepin. DESIGN: A 1-week single-blind placebo period followed by a 5-week randomized double-blind parallel group clinical trial. SETTING: Psychiatric out-patient clinic of a general hospital. PATIENTS: 37 young-elderly patients with a diagnosis of Major Depressive Episode (DSM-III criteria). INTERVENTIONS: Placebo for 1 week, 2 weeks of titration with either drug in the dosage range of 75 mg/day up to a maximum of 200 mg/day. MEASUREMENTS: We measured the psychiatric effects with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, and the Clinical Global Impression Scale. Cardiovascular effects were assessed on 12-lead standard electrocardiograms plus 1-minute rhythm and high speed recordings; orthostatic (lying/standing) blood pressures were also taken. Physical exams, lab tests, cognitive functions (Buschke Selective Reminding Test, Hierarchic Dementia Scale, Word Fluency) and adverse reactions were also noted. RESULTS: Both drugs were equally effective in relieving symptoms of depression and anxiety. The cardiovascular effects of both drugs were minimal. Trimipramine did lower blood pressure but this was without clinical significance. Three trimipramine patients and five doxepin patients developed occasional premature ventricular or atrial contractions. Of these, two trimipramine patients and one doxepin patient were among those with abnormal ECG's at entry. The doxepin patient was withdrawn from the study after 21 days of treatment when the PVC's became increasingly frequent. CONCLUSIONS: Trimipramine and doxepin are equally safe and effective antidepressants in the young-elderly.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

Proton liberation in the pre-steady state phase of creatine kinase.

Numerous stereochemical and kinetic investigations on the reaction pathway of creatine kinase (CK) suggest that this enzymic reaction proceeds via direct in-line transfer of phosphate between participating substrates and to date there has been no chemical evidence for any plausible intermediate between enzyme-substrate and enzyme-product complexes. By following the absorption pattern of a pH sensitive dye (o-cresol sulphonaphthalein) in a stopped flow module we have studied transient pH changes in the backward reaction of CK. While the rapid mixing of ADP and CK gives no pH transient, that of phosphocreatine (PCr) and CK gives H+ liberation with kapp of 62.8 sec-1. The magnitude of proton release is one H+ per monomer of CK. Mixing of PCr+CK with ADP does not give any detectable pH transient and the reaction immediately proceeds to steady phase. The mixing of ADP+CK with PCr again gives a release of 1.2 H+ per monomer of CK with kapp of around 67.2 sec-1 before the reaction proceeds to steady phase where there is absorption of one H+ per ADP transphosphorylated. The results obtained, therefore, indicate the involvement of proton deficient E.PCr and E.ADP.PCr complexes in the pathway of CK.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1992

Antibacterial prophylaxis in urology: a review.

The role of antibacterial prophylaxis in urology has been debated for more than 50 years. Even though controversy remains, an increasing number of physicians now support the use of prophylactic antibacterial agents in urologic surgery. This review attempts to place in perspective the value of prophylaxis for various urologic procedures in which infection is likely to occur. Prophylactic antibacterial therapy is recommended for urethral catheterization, endoscopy of the urinary tract, prostate biopsy, transurethral surgery, and selected open urologic procedures. Broad-spectrum cephalosporins and penicillins are used most often, while fluoroquinolones are being evaluated with increasing frequency.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1992

Diethylstilbestrol in treatment of postorchiectomy vasomotor symptoms and its relationship with serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone.

Vasomotor symptoms such as hot flushes and profuse sweating have been described after bilateral orchiectomy. We evaluated 26 patients who had undergone bilateral orchiectomy for prostatic carcinoma to determine the incidence of vasomotor symptoms and the efficacy of low-dose diethylstilbestrol (DES) in the treatment of those symptoms. Measurements of serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone were performed to look for endocrine patterns which may be related to the presence of vasomotor symptoms. Fourteen patients (54%) reported the presence of vasomotor symptoms beginning one to four weeks after surgery. These patients were treated with DES or placebo in a double-blind crossover trial. The frequency and severity of hot flushes were significantly reduced during the time DES was given. This was accomplished with a low dose of 1 mg daily of DES which avoids the cardiovascular complications of higher doses. We found no correlation between the presence, severity, or frequency of hot flushes and serum gonadotropin or testosterone concentrations.

Climacteric↗
PubMed1992

Priapism associated with asplenic state.

Priapism may be primary (idiopathic) or secondary to sickle cell anemia, trauma, leukemia, drugs, venous thromboembolic diseases, and other less common disorders. This study concerns 21 patients with priapism treated during a period of ten years. Nine patients (43%) had sickle cell anemia. Of the 12 individuals (57%) classified as idiopathic, 3 (25%) had previously undergone surgical splenectomy for benign conditions. Considering the propensity for this unusual condition to develop in patients with hemoglobinopathy-induced hyposplenism, the possibility of a relationship between the asplenic state and priapism is considered.

Adult↗