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Biomedical subjects

M Alvarez

Publications and source records attributed to M Alvarez.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Serologic response to some herpesviruses in a group of HIV infected patients].

The titres of antibodies to the herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, and the antigen of viral envelope of Epstein-Barr virus were determined in serum samples from patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who belonged to groups II (n = 26) and IV (n = 32) according to the present Classification System of HIV infection, as well as in a group of blood donors (n = 52). The geometrical average titres obtained in the different agents were very high in patients having HIV infection with respect to the geometrical average titres observed in blood donors. Patients from group II had titres to the antigen of viral envelope of the Epstein-Barr virus significantly higher than blood donors. Levels of antibodies to these agents in patients from group IV were higher than levels obtained in blood donors. Differences regarding levels of the antigen of viral envelope of the Epstein-Barr virus were highly significant. These results suggest the possible relevance of the Epstein-Barr virus infection in the natural history of AIDS.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1992

[Diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infections in patients with HIV infection. Comparison of the indirect immunofluorescence and viral isolation techniques].

The technique for the detection of fluorescent early antigen was compared to the classical method of viral isolation in cells from the human lung. The study was performed with the use of 85 urine samples from 64 patients presenting with HIV infection. The technique for the detection of fluorescent early antigens showed a sensitivity of 91%, an specificity of 97%, and a coincidence of 94% with respect to viral isolation. The main advantage of the technique for the detection of fluorescent early antigens with respect to viral isolation is that the former provides a quicker diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection within 48-72 hours, besides being easy to perform.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1991

Diagnostic potential of IgA coated Candida cells in mucous membrane candidiasis.

The significance of in vivo IgA coated yeast cells for the diagnosis of candidiasis of the oral and vaginal mucosal membranes was evaluated by direct immunofluorescence in 70 patients with or without clinical symptoms, shown to be positive for yeast growth in the cultural test. Most of the patients with clinically suspected candidiasis of the mucosal membranes gave positive results by serologic assays in contrast to the majority of symptomless patients. The diagnostic approach proved to be essentially consistent with the clinical signs, persistence of infection, response to antifungal therapy and quantitative cultural data.

Candida↗
PubMed1991

Characterization of two aminoglycoside-(3)-N-acetyltransferase genes and assay as epidemiological probes.

Two genes encoding for aminoglycoside-(3)-N-acetyltransferases (AAC(3)s) of different substrate patterns, present in multiresistance plasmids of hospital strains of Serratia marcescens and Escherichia coli isolated from urine, have been cloned and characterized. The first, aacC1 with AAC(3)I activity, contained a 531 base pair open reading frame which encodes a polypeptide of 177 aminoacids and 19,392 daltons, confirmed by minicell analysis. Its sequence differed from previously published work in four positions. Three of the changes did not alter the aminoacid sequence while the fourth was a substitution of an alanine by a proline. The second gene, an AAC(3)II encoded by aacC2, resulted from the translation of an 858 base pair open reading frame, which encoded a 286 aminoacid polypeptide of 31,574 daltons and was identical to those from plasmids isolated in Germany and the United States. However, the homology was broken in a position between the -10 and -35 promoter sequences, which resulted in different -35 hexanucleotides and levels of resistance conferred. The assay of both genes as molecular probes has revealed their specificity with respect to other aac genes, although their usefulness was limited in the case of aacC1 derived sequences to isolated plasmid DNA, since it hybridized under stringent conditions with chromosomal DNA of some strains of E. coli.

Acetyltransferases↗
PubMed1991

Acyclovir resistant genital herpes virus infection in a patient with AIDS.

Three acyclovir resistant strains of HSV-2 were isolated from mucoulcerative lesions in a patient suffering from AIDS in whom the oral and intravenous acyclovir treatment was unsuccessful. All the isolates were classified by monoclonal antibodies and showed no differences in DNA restriction patterns.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

[False aneurysm of the superficial femoral artery complicating fracture of the femoral shaft].

One case of closed mid-shaft femoral fracture which caused a false aneurysm of the superficial femoral artery is presented. Only one similar case was found in the revision of the literature. About fifteen cases of false aneurysm of the femoral artery following femoral fractures or synthesis of them have been previously published but in every case except two the affected artery was the profunda femoris artery.

Aneurysm↗
PubMed1991

[Sublingual captopril versus nifedipine in the treatment of hypertensive crisis].

The currently accepted drug of choice for treatment of hypertensive crisis is sublingual nifedipine. We compared the effects of sublingual captopril (25 mg) to those of nifedipine (10 mg) in 54 patients with this complication who came to the emergency room. Five min after administration of captopril, blood pressure decreased from 197.5 +/- 32.7/118.3 +/- 8.2 to 156 +/- 27.2/95.8 +/- 12.9 mmHg and heart rate decreased from 87.9 +/- 15.1 to 74.7 +/- 10.9 (p < 0.05). Blood pressure in the nifedipine group decreased from 198 +/- 27.3/120 +/- 9.8 to 147.7 +/- 17.8/86 +/- 17.9 (p < 0.05), while no change was observed in heart rate. Delayed measurements showed lower diastolic pressures at 60 and 75 min and lower systolic pressure at 120 min in the nifedipine group (p < 0.054). Few and not significantly different side effects were observed with both drugs. Thus, sublingual captopril is useful for treatment of hypertensive crisis.

Administration, Sublingual↗
PubMed1991

[Toloxatone and depression].

One hundred and one depressed inpatients were treated by the authors with a second-generation antidepressive original molecule: Toloxatone, a specific and reversible MAO A inhibitor. Upon admission, all 101 patients with depressive illness did not score higher than 20 on Hamilton's Scale, and did not score lower than 4 on Fischer, Fernández Labriola and Rodríguez Casanova's Endogeneity Test. Biological profiles (Phenyl-ethylamine, NA, and MHPG) were available on 57 subjects. At the beginning of the experiment: (a) No subject was taking antidepressives, (b) Patients' age averaged 46; (c) The 6-week experiment was a double-blind vs. placebo type. Daily toloxatone dose was standardized in a 400 mg intake. Significant modifications were detected in 51 subjects. Among the 59 subjects that were administered active substance, 37 achieved either "excellent" or "good" outcomes. Biological markers pointed out a profile of patients with a better response to Toloxatone: Namely, patients with a lower noradrenergic activity. Anxiety-free depression as well as inhibited depressions are a psychiatrist's choice for administering Toloxatone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Fetal cytomegalovirus infection: a case report.

Congenital cytomegalovirus infection is the most common perinatal infection. We describe a case of primary maternal cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy and the prenatal diagnosis of fetal cytomegalovirus infection. Diagnosis was accomplished with percutaneous umbilical blood sampling. The fetal blood was evaluated with viral cultures, cytomegalovirus serologic testing, and nonspecific indicators of infection. Amniotic fluid was also cultured. All cultures were positive, which confirmed fetal infection. The pregnancy was terminated. Autopsy findings were consistent with fetal infection. The significance and utility of prenatal diagnosis are discussed.

Abortion, Induced↗