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Biomedical subjects

M Alexianu

Publications and source records attributed to M Alexianu.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

Polyneuropathy with lipid deposits in Schwann cells and axonal degeneration in cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis.

The present paper is a histological, histochemical and electron microscopic study of biopsied specimens from both right and left Achilles tendon, sural nerve and gastrocnemius muscle in a case of peripheral neuropathy with decreased sensory conduction velocity within a cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis confirmed biochemically in a 29-year-old woman. The tendon specimens contained large deposits of complex, non-homogeneous lipids, distributed intra- and extracellularly. The right sural nerve specimen showed a very severe neuropathy with massive diffuse myelinated fiber loss, presence of foamy macrophages and lipid droplets in Schwann cells. Segmental de- and remyelination was noted in 17% of the teased myelinated fibers. No onion bulbs were observed. Two years later, the left sural nerve specimen revealed a mild diffuse myelinated fiber loss, a more active segmental de- and remyelination (23%) without onion bulbs, and an active regeneration. Lipid storage aspects were absent. The gastrocnemius muscle specimens exhibited slight alterations of neurogenic origin. The pathogenesis of this neuropathy is discussed.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1978

Atypical juvenile neurolipidosis. Ultrastructural study of a cerebral biopsy.

The description is given of a structural and ultrastructural aspect of a cerebral biopsy specimen collected from a 17-year-old patient, with very frequent convulsive seizures, dementia, motor aphasia and spastic tetraparesis. The disease started at the age of 9 years and evolved very slowly. The morphologic diagnosis was neurolopidosis, the ultrastructural one was atypical juvenile lipofuscinosis, the electron microscopic aspect being identical to that of another 3 cases published in the literature: highly polymorphous membranogranulovesicular cytosomes.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

White matter changes in old age dementia.

This is the clinico-morphological study of 70 patients above age 60 with the clinical diagnosis of dementia made on clinico-psychometric criteria for the assessment of the deterioration-dementia state, and in some cases, using the Hachinski scale. For morphological macro- and microscopic examinations of the brain, the classic neuropathologic techniques were used. Although no case selection was carried out, the number of cases was uniformly distributed between the ages of 60-74 years. The sample was also relatively uniform with regard to the patients' sex. Morphologically, our patient group included cases with vascular dementia (VD-33%), mixed dementia (MD-14.3%), Alzheimer-type dementia (ATD-20%), isolated SAE (17%), other cases (15.7%). Myelinic pallors and rarefactions were present in 41.4% of all cases of which: as a single lesion in 41.4%, associated with VD in 34.5%, with MD in 17.2% and with ATD in 6.9%. Microscopic background of myelinic changes was represented by acute (perivascular and pericellular edema) and chronic (myelinic destruction, gliosis, perivascular hematic pigment) edematous lesions. In 10.3% of cases with myelinic changes, marked dilation and blood stasis in large periventricular and/or subcortical vessels with subsequent cerebral edema, generally overlapping critical zones of venous circulation could be observed. The size and severity of the myelinic lesions were not clearly correlated to the intra- and extraparenchymatous vascular changes. However, the myelinic involvement was more in cases with lesions, mainly atherosclerotic, of the vessel walls. The possible intervention of the venous factor in the development of subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (SAE) is discussed among other etiopathogenic factors.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Preliminary results in treating superficial bladder tumors by the local instillation of Calmette-Guérin bacilli].

Post-resection complementary immunotherapy was applied to 55 patients with superficial urinary bladder tumours (Ta, TI) with Calmette-Guérin bacilli (Pasteur strain) prepared by the "Cantacuzino" Institute. The treatment consisted initially in scarification and instillation in 19 patients, and in instillation alone inside the urinary bladder in 43 patients, according to Morales, and respectively Brosman protocols. In 7 patients only Morales immunotherapy was applied initially but after recidive and resection they too were treated according to the Brosman protocol. One should note that most of these tumours were of the recurring type, with multiple recidives in the antecedents in 60% of the patients, and that the surgical treatment, as well as instillation of cytostatic drugs had failed. In the present protocol transurethral resection was carried out in 93% of the cases. After immunotherapy the following aspects were noted: in 75.8% of the patients there were no recidives 25 months in the average after the start of the treatment. In the average 13 months elapsed between the start of the treatment and the occurrence of the first recidive, as compared with 7 months in the average for the controls. Most of the recidives in patients with instillations occurred in those in whom the tumour had gone beyond the basal membrane. In 2 patients with infiltrative recidives total cystectomy was carried out. With regard to degree of anaplasia following BCG instillation there was a down-grading in 43% of the cases. There was no fatality ascribable to BCG treatment in our series, and both general and local complications were insignificant considering the therapeutic benefit.

Administration, Intravesical↗