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Biomedical subjects

M Albanese

Publications and source records attributed to M Albanese.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Situational effects on the communication behaviors of pediatric residents.

The variation in communication behaviors of pediatric residents in different interview circumstances was examined. Twenty-three residents were videotaped in three simulated counseling sessions. Two of the sessions entailed counseling a mother of a toddler with multiple handicaps during a well-child visit. The third, which took place between the other two sessions, entailed informing a new mother that her child has Down's syndrome. The residents' performances were evaluated using a subjective rating scale and an objective frequency count of behaviors. Analysis of variance demonstrated significant effects for both observation scales. Spearman correlations were not significant between any of the situations. The results suggest that residents' communication behaviors vary with the type of counseling situation.

Communication↗
PubMed1982

Factors affecting physician communication and parent-physician dialogues.

The purpose of the study reported here was to determine whether improvement in medical knowledge affects medical students' interviewing skills in each, or any, of the four years of medical school. Nineteen first-year students, 21 second-year students, 18 third-year students, and 20 fourth-year students at the University of Iowa College of Medicine were randomly assigned to an experimental or a control group. The experimental group observed a 45-minute videotape lecture that discussed the practical issues of the diagnosis and management of children with meningomyelocele. All subjects in both groups then completed a multiple-choice examination on meningomyelocele. The interviews were videotaped and then blindly rated. The results of the ratings show that there was no group effect but there was a significant class difference in that the first-year class was less sophisticated than the three other classes. The results suggest that interview skills are not affected by increasing knowledge about medical conditions but do improve with training in interview skills.

Child↗
PubMed1982

Family study of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis.

Seventy index patients and 222 first-degree relatives with spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis have been studied by means of interview and clinical and radiological examinations. The index patients had an average age of 18 years, and included 43 females and 27 males. Following Wiltse's classification, 18 patients had dysplastic lesions and 52 had isthmic defects. The first-degree relatives included 99 parents and 125 siblings and children of the index patients. Both isthmic and dysplastic defects occurred in most families, regardless of the classification of the index patient. Isthmic defects were consistently more frequent than dysplastic defects. Spina bifida occulta occurred at the lumbosacral area in 61% of the index patients; in the first-degree relatives, spina bifida occulta was most common among the siblings and children of index patients, and occurred more often in relatives of index patients with dysplastic lesions than in those with isthmic lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Effect of high school students' knowledge of child development and child health on approaches to child discipline.

Because there is an association between the lack of knowledge of normal child development, high and unrealistic expectations for a child's performance, and child abuse, a questionnaire about normal child development, child health maintenance, child discipline aspects of childrearing, and child development was given to a representative sample of high school students in Iowa. Though high school students in Iowa rank high in academic performance, the results of this study indicated that students in grades 9 through 12 had a poor knowledge of child development and child health maintenance. Students whose highest probability of response to a child discipline problem was either to punish or abuse knew less about child development and child health maintenance than their peers. Boys at all grade levels knew less about child development and child health maintenance and were more likely to choose punishment and abuse than girls. Though the causes for child abuse are multifactorial and complex, there is a need to guarantee that all who are at risk for parenthood be informed about child development, child health maintenance, and child discipline to minimize the effects that ignorance of these factors may have on their approaches to discipline and their potential for child abuse.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Aortic valve replacement in the elderly.

With increasing longevity, increasing numbers of patients in their 8th decade present with symptomatic aortic valvular disease. We have examined the results of aortic valve replacement in 30 patients of 70 years or older who underwent isolated aortic valve replacement at Groote Schuur Hospital between January 1969 and January 1979. Follow-up ranged from 1 year to 10 years, with a mean of 2,5 years. There was 1 operative death. Two patients died within the first 6 months of operative complications. The 1-year survival rate was 90%. All hospital survivors showed marked improvement in cardiac functional status. Actuarial statistics on survival show an 84% survival rate at 3 years. Aortic valve replacement is safe and effective in patients over the age of 70 years.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Model workshop on nutrition counseling for dietitians.

The purpose of the workshop on nutrition counseling was twofold: (a) to enhance nutritionists' and dietitians' knowledge of counseling and basic interviewing skills, behavioral weight control counseling skills, and adherence counseling skills and (b) to quantitatively evaluate improvement and maintenance of the newly acquired skills. Changes in these areas indicated that it is possible to improve certain skills and to maintain those improvements over time.

Counseling↗
PubMed1980

Informed consent: the use of inpatients as teaching-patients for sophomore medical students.

The preservation of patient's rights is an important issue in medical education that has not been addressed adequately in relation to informed consent for the teaching of history and physical examination skills to beginning medical students who are not yet functioning as a part of the health care team. In an attempt to assure informed consent and basic patients' rights and to instruct patient volunteers about the teaching-patient role and its importance to effective medical education, the authors developed a nonphysician patient-advocate-interviewer (PAI) model. The usefulness of the model was evaluated by comparing the perceptions of two groups of volunteer patients and the students for whom they served as teaching patients. Members of volunteer patient group I had a PAI, while group II volunteers were selected and interviewed only by a medical resident. Group I patients were significantly better informed about the teaching-patient's role for which they were volunteering and its importance to medical education and were more comfortable in their student history and physical examination session than were group II patients.

Education, Medical↗
PubMed1977

Senior medical students as patient-preceptors to introduce basic history and physical examination skills to second year medical students.

Senior medical students are used as the patient and the preceptor to introduce the fundamentals of history taking and physical examination to sophomore medical students and this technique compared to the established method for teaching basic skills at the University of Iowa. Senior medical students were equally as effective as staff (residents, fellows, and faculty) in teaching the techniques of history and physical examination and statistically better than staff in providing the sophomore with a) suggestions as to how to improve their technique, and b) how their approach might affect the patient's attitude and behavior.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1975

Effects of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) on infection of adult mice with the Thogoto-like Ar-126 arbovirus.

Inoculation of mice with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) alters the course of infection with the Thogoto-like arbovirus Tho-Ar-126. The Tho-Ar-126 content of liver, spleen, and lymph nodes was approximately 10 times greater in mice treated with NDV 24 h before infection; the mortality was somewhat increased, but liver damage (as indicated by serum transaminase levels) did not seem to be potentiated. Lymphocytopenia was observed in NDV-inoculated mice, and in the spleen and lymph nodes the proportion of lymphocytes susceptible to lysis by anti-theta (a marker for thymus-derived lymphocytes) was markedly decreased in these animals. This suggests that NDV potentiates infection by Tho-Ar-126 through its action on thymus-derived lymphocytes.

Alanine Transaminase↗