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Biomedical subjects

M Aladjem

Publications and source records attributed to M Aladjem.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Ischemic colitis in chronic intermittent peritoneal dialysis.

A 6-year and 8-month-old boy on chronic intermittent peritoneal dialysis for end stage kidney disease presented with severe diarrhea, abdominal distension, cramps, tenesmus and vomiting. Barium enema showed rigidity and irregularity of the mucosa of the sigmoid and distal descending colon, with 'thumb print like' appearance, findings compatible with ischemic colitis. The institution of hemodialysis and discontinuation of the peritoneal dialysis resulted in a marked clinical and radiological improvement. Kidney transplantation performed a month later was associated with a complete cure of his intestinal disease.

Child↗
PubMed1984

Maturation of renal tubular transport of gentamicin.

Previous data have suggested an age-related increase in renal clearance of gentamicin. This phenomenon could be the result of an increase in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and/or of an augmentation in its transtubular influx. To investigate this question, four groups of rats, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks old, were sacrificed. 125I-labeled gentamicin uptake was measured in renal cortical slices as the cpm/mg wet tissue slice/medium (S/M) ratio. There was a significant age-related increment in gentamicin uptake. S/M ratios at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks were 3.49 +/- 0.46 (n = 7), 3.52 +/- 0.37 (n = 10), 4.23 +/- 0.42 (n = 10), 4.81 +/- 0.45 (n = 17), respectively (mean +/- SD; r = 0.78; p less than 0.01). Intraperitoneal injections of gentamicin were administered to another group of rats for 10 consecutive days from age 2 weeks and more. Gentamicin uptake of their renal cortical slices at 6 weeks of age was similar to that observed in the parallel age group of the nonstimulated rats (S/M ratio 4.18 +/- 0.41).

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Shigellosis: incidence of convulsions and resistance to antibiotics.

One hundred and ninety-three children with bacillary dysentery were admitted to the "Assaf Harofeh Hospital" during the years 1975-1980. Generalized convulsions were observed in 37 (19.2%) children. The incidence of seizures was significantly higher in children whose age ranged between 1 and 6 years when compared to those below or above this age range. Convulsions were not observed when fever was below 38 degrees C, however, higher fever was not associated with a parallel increase in their incidence. Temperature above 38 degrees C was less common in infants compared to older children. These findings suggest that convulsions in shigellosis do not differ from simple febrile convulsions in respect to age, sex, presence and degree of fever. The incidence of resistance to either ampicillin or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was similar in all the various shigella strains isolated in our population.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Acquired arteriovenous fistula in a child with hemophilia.

A case of a 2 9/12-year-old hemophiliac boy who acquired an arteriovenous fistula in the right cubital fossa is described. This case shows the possibility that such fistulas can be iatrogenically induced in hemophiliac children subjected to repeated venipunctures.

Arteriovenous Fistula↗
PubMed1983

The effect of lithium chloride on tumour appearance and survival of melanoma-bearing mice.

The possible effect of lithium chloride, a compound which reduces the incidence of infection in cancer patients, was investigated on murine melanoma. C57 BL syngeneic mice were inoculated i.p. with B16 melanoma cells. The animals were divided into 4 groups, receiving daily i.p. treatment with saline--group 1, controls; lithium chloride--group 2, bleomycin and vinblastine--group 3, and lithium chloride with bleomycin and vinblastine--group 4. Animals in group 4 had a significant delay in tumour appearance, a higher degree of tumour necrosis, and a longer survival rate. In addition a significant reduction of serum lithium concentration was noted in animals of this group in comparison with animals in group 2, treated with lithium chloride alone. There was no lithium-induced leukocytosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Idiopathic hypercalciuria: a familial generalized renal hyperexcretory state.

Twenty-two children with idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) as well as their parents and siblings were compared to 29 control children and their parents and siblings. Urinary calcium excretion following calcium deprivation or calcium loading was significantly higher in parents and siblings of the IH children than in the corresponding controls. Significantly higher rates of glomerular filtration and increased urinary excretion of sodium potassium and phosphate were found in all family members in the IH group as compared to controls. Significant positive correlations of the five variables studied (glomerular filtration and urinary excretion of calcium, phosphate, sodium, and potassium) were noted within individuals and also within families, both in the IH and the control groups, notwithstanding the lower mean levels in the latter. Serum concentrations of calcium, phosphate, potassium, and sodium were similar in the IH and controls. The distributions of all urinary variables in both the IH and control groups were unimodal with considerable overlap of the two groups, suggesting that IH may be a single entity, possibly representing the upper end of normality. Our data seem to indicate that IH is more likely to be due to nutritional than to genetic factors, since maintenance of sodium potassium homeostatis in the face of increased excretion necessitates increased ingestion of these electrolytes, while increased sodium ingestion is known to be associated with increased urinary excretion of calcium, potassium, and phosphate.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Renal function in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Renal handling of sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus was investigated in 9 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Both under baseline conditions and during saline-induced diuresis, urinary excretion rate of sodium (UNaV), potassium, phosphorus and calcium did not differ significantly from control values although the fractional excretion of sodium was significantly higher in patients with CF during saline diuresis. When distally acting diuretics were administered, this difference between CF patients and controls was magnified and in addition, UNaV in CF patients was also significantly higher than in controls. Following saline loading the increment in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in patients with CF was significantly lower than that of controls. We conclude that patients with CF when subjected to volume expansion demonstrate a lower tubular reabsorptive capacity of sodium as well as a reduced ability to increase their GFR. The defect in sodium reabsorption is probably located in the proximal tubule.

Calcium↗
PubMed1982

Vesicoureteral reflux in boys with hypospadias.

Hypospadias in a congenital anomaly which in most cases has to be corrected surgically. We include micturition cystourethrography (MCU) in the preoperative workup of all these children as well as three months postoperatively. Meatal stenosis and müllerian duct remnants are known to occur in this condition, but vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) was an unexpected finding in many boys who were asymptomatic and had no evidence of urinary tract infection. Fifty-eight of 305 hypospadiacs, examined by MCU, proved to have reflux, most of them grade II. In 37, VUR was found before surgery and in the remaining 21 after surgical correction, many of them with meatal stenosis. In 10 patients reflux appeared in the postoperative period where there had been none in the preoperative study; 8 of the 10 had a postoperative stricture of the distal urethra, and VUR subsided in 4 after adequate dilatation. We conclude that vesicoureteral reflux is not uncommonly found in patients with hypospadias, even in those who are completely asymptomatic. We believe this is an additional incentive to include an MCU in the pre- and postoperative evaluation of patients with this anomaly.

Child↗
PubMed1982

Desmopressin in nocturnal enuresis.

The response of desamino-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) was investigated in 32 enuretic children in a double-blind clinical study. The 15 children treated with DDAVP showed a significant reduction in the incidence of bed wetting--from 18.7 +/- 6.5 to 6.5 +/- 9.2 wet nights per 30 days. In 6 children bed wetting stopped entirely, in 6 there was a satisfactory response, and in 3 the response was marginal or there was none. When DDAVP was stopped most children reverted to their earlier bedwetting habits (15.7 +/- 8.9 nights a month). Response to DDAVP was significantly better in children aged more than 10 years (mean age for the entire group). The administration of DDAVP was not associated with any appreciable change in morning urine osmolalities. No adverse effects were noted. It is concluded that DDAVP is effective in nocturnal enuresis, particularly in older children. It is suggested that the cessation of bed wetting may, in part, reflect functional properties of DDAVP rather than antidiuresis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Renal glomerular and tubular function following acute insulin deprivation in juvenile diabetes mellitus.

The effects of acute deprivation of insulin on renal glomerular and tubular functions were studied in 10 children with juvenile diabetes mellitus. Serum glucose concentrations were similar when insulin was administered (251 +/- 112 mg/dl) and when it was withheld (306 +/- 130 mg/dl; 0.5 greater than 0.2). Acute insulin deprivation was associated with a significant reduction in glomerular filtration rate, from 151 +/- 48 ml/min/1.73 m2 to 114 +/- 41 ml/min/1.73 m2 (p less than 0.01). The fractional excretion of sodium rose from 0.45 +/- 0.43 to 0.85 +/- 0.54% (p less than 0.05) and was associated with an enhanced natriuresis; the urinary excretion of sodium increased from 1.67 +/- 1.23 to 2.43 +/- 1.72 microEq/min/kg body weight (p less than 0.05), whereas the urinary excretion of phosphate was not significantly altered from control values. During insulin deprivation a drop occurred in the serum concentration of calcium from 10.37 +/- 0.52 to 9.73 +/- 0.61 mg/dl (p less than 0.01) as well as in its urinary excretion from 0.34 +/- 0.24 to 0.24 +/- 0.20 microgram/min/kg body weight (p less than 0.01). The serum concentration of potassium rose from 4.44 +/- 0.41 to 4.96 +/- 0.51 mEq/l, but its urinary excretion was not significantly different from control values. These data suggest that in juvenile diabetes mellitus the acute deprivation of insulin, dissociated from fluctuations in serum glucose concentration, is associated with a fall in glomerular filtration rate, an increased natriuresis, and a modified calcium and potassium homeostasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The relationship between intravascular volume expansion and natriuresis in developing puppies.

The role played by the relative degree of expansion of the intravascular and extravascular compartments in limiting the natriuretic response of fluid-loaded developing animals was determined in 1-, 2-, 3- and 6-wk-old puppies. Volume expansion was induced by infusing either isotonic saline, 10% body weight or isoncotic albumin in saline 5% body weight, and measurements of glomerular filtration rate, sodium excretion, fractional excretion of sodium, and plasma volume were made. Each expansion procedure resulted in an increase in the absolute excretion of sodium at all ages (P less than 0.001). The greatest natriuretic effect was observed in the 3-wk-old puppies, the average of the two solutions being 19, 30, 70, and 28 muEq/min/kg in the 1, 2, 3, and 6-wk-old animals, respectively. The difference in natriuresis among the age groups was due predominantly to differences in the magnitude of the increase in fractional excretion of sodium. At all ages, a greater absolute excretion of sodium was encountered during volume expansion with saline than observed with albumin (P less than 0.05). The intravascular volume increased by a similar % at all ages (P greater than 0.1), and saline and albumin yielded equivalent degrees of intravascular expansion (approximately 50%). The results demonstrate that age-related changes in natriuretic response to volume expansion cannot be attributed to differences in either the degree of expansion or the distribution of the load. In addition, the observations indicate that the mechanism underlying the difference between the response to isotonic saline and isoncotic albumin in saline is already operative at birth, and that it is independent of nephron heterogeneity since the proportion of superficial nephrons must have changed during the period of nephrogenesis. The collecting duct, which is sensitive to both isotonic saline and isoncotic albumin, is likely to be responsible for the parallel development of the renal response to these two methods of intravascular volume expansion.

Albumins↗
PubMed1982

Natural history of an acute glomerulonephritis epidemic in children. An 11- to 12-year follow-up.

During an epidemic of poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis (PSAGN) in Israel during the second half of 1968, 155 children were hospitalized. All of them were initially followed up for 6 mo to 2 yr, during which period no evidence of continuing kidney damage was found. Fifty-five of the group were hospitalized over the next 2 to 10 yr for reasons unrelated to their original illness, at which time they also were found to be free of renal damage. Eighty children were examined 11 to 12 yr after the epidemic, and in them, too, urine examination, blood chemistry and blood pressure were within normal limits. It seems reasonable to conclude that the PSAGN of the 1968 epidemic was a benign disease with no lasting ill effects. Since most of the cases were associated with an M-55 skin Streptococcus and pyoderma, we suggest that glomerulonephritis due to pyoderma associated with this strain does not give rise to chronic renal disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Neonatal hypernatremic dehydration due to excessively concentrated prepared milk formula.

Excessively concentrated milk formula was administered accidentally to five newborn infants. Diarrhea, dehydration, hypernatremia, and hyperosmolality were present in all of them. Abnormal neurologic manifestations during the acute disease were observed in one infant. On follow-up, psychomotor development and electroencephalographic recordings were normal in four infants. One infant, in whom accelerated growth of head circumference had been noted before the episode of diarrhea, was found to have obstruction of the foramen of Monro at the age of 6 weeks. Possible errors in preparing milk formulas by medical staffing resulting in hypertonic dehydration are stressed in this report.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Maturation of renal tubular transport of digoxin.

Previous data have suggested an age-related increase in renal tubular secretion of digoxin in infants and children receiving long-term digoxin therapy. This phenomenon could be the result of a maturational process or secondary to chronic substrate stimulation. To investigate this question, two groups of 2-week-old paired littermate rats received intraperitoneal injections of either digoxin or an equal volume of normal saline (control) on alternate days until sacrificed at 4, 6, and 8 wk of age. An additional group of 12-wk-old rats were studied as controls. 125I-labeled digoxin uptake was measured in renal cortical slices as the cPM/mg wet tissue slice/medium ratio (S/M). Both digoxin-treated and control rats demonstrated significant age-related increments in digoxin uptake. S/M ratios at 4, 6, 8, and 12 wk in he control group were 1.34 +/- 0.06, 1.39 +/- 0.14, 1.62 +/- 0.18 and 1.93 +/- 0.23, respectively (mean +/- S.D.) (r = 0.81; P less than 0.001). S/M ratios in the digoxin-treated animals at 4, 6, and 8 wk were 1.28 +/- 0.16, 1.33 +/- 0.09, and 1.52 +/- 0.23, respectively (r = 0.50; P less than 0.025), but did not differ significantly at each age from those in the control group. 125I uptake was significantly reduced by both dinitrophenol and sodium azide, as well as by a 100% nitrogen atmosphere. These results indicate that renal tubular transport of digoxin is an age-related energy dependent process which probably is not subject to substrate stimulation.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

[Urolithiasis in Isreali children (author's transl)].

Sixty-eight children (ages ranging from 5 months to 16 years) with urolithiasis were treated between 1966 and 1979. There were 36 females (53%) and 32 males (47%). Sixteen children (24%) had associated urinary tract infection; 4 out of these (6%) presented with urinary tract malformation. Fifty-five calculi (89%) were found in the upper urinary tract (kidney and ureter); 24 of the chemically studied calculi (80%) were made of calcium salts. In 30 children, metabolic investigations were carried out, leading to the discovery of hypercalciuria in 17 (57%). In one patient, important vesico-ureteral reflux associated with urolithiasis led to renal failure.

Adolescent↗