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Biomedical subjects

M Akaike

Publications and source records attributed to M Akaike.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Disturbance or relatively important actions of antihypertensives, antifungal agent and opiate antagonist to the testicular steroidogenesis in rat.

Some of antihypertensives, opiate antagonist and antifungal agent can interfere with sexual function in both men and women. Drug-related effects on sexual function may be difficult to distinguish from the direct action of gonadal function. Clinically well known those agents to have sexual dysfunction were selected and examined the direct effect on rat's testicular steroidogenesis in vitro. Donryu rats were decapitated at 11 weeks old and isolated testes were decapsulated and preincubated with Krebs-Ringer-phosphate buffer (KRP) added with 1 micrograms/flask of LH for 60 min at 37 degrees C. Then, incubation was made with prazosin (1 micrograms), clonidine (5 micrograms), verapamil (10 micrograms), naloxone (5 micrograms) and ketoconazole (150 micrograms), 37 degrees C for 180 min in fresh KRP-buffer, respectively. Steroids were analysed with RIA, and microfluorometry after purification with quantitative thin layer chromatography. Prazosin had a tendency to produce dihydrotestosterone (DHT) indicating a facilitation of 5 alpha-reductase, and clonidine showed a significant production of estradiol (E2) with a slight production of DHT indicating a significant facilitation of aromatase. Verapamil had a action to produce significantly E2 with a slight production of DHT, and naloxone showed a significant production of both DHT and E2. Thus, these two agents showed facilitation of both 5 alpha-reductase and aromatase. Ketoconazole had a significant production of both delta 4-androstenedione (delta 4-A) and E2 while it had a significant inhibition of DHT-production, thus this had a significant production of both aromatase and C17,20-lyase while had a significant inhibitory action of 5 alpha-reductase. These findings indicates that comparatively large doses of central-nervous system depressants are one of the factors that interfere with sexual function, but it is not necessary to have direct action to testicular function, however present study revealed that some of them can cause gonadal damage and consequently progressive loss of libido.

Androstenedione↗
PubMed1992

[A case of drug-induced esophageal ulcer developed at the esophageal constriction due to the right aortic arch].

A 26-year-old male has a tooth extracted at a dental surgery, and was given 40 mg Froben, as an anti-inflammatory analgesic agent, and ingested one tablet without water. After 2 days, anterior chest pain occurred. Esophagography and endoscopy were performed and multiple esophageal ulcers were confirmed. Esophagography revealed an esophageal stenosis which was considered to be caused by the extramural compression on the oral side of the ulcers. In the chest roentogenography and CT scanning, the right aortic arch was observed. This case was diagnosed as having drug-induced esophageal ulcer developed at the esophageal constriction due to the vascular ring.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Effects of percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy on levels of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide during exercise.

To clarify the factors that influenced the secretion of human atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) during exercise, we studied the relations between the changes in ANP, transmitral pressure gradient, heart rate and blood pressure at exercise in 16 patients with mitral stenosis before and after percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC). Before PTMC, ANP levels increased from 107 +/- 70 to 183 +/- 96 pg/ml during exercise testing (p less than 0.01), concomitant with the increment in mean transmitral pressure gradient, heart rate and systolic blood pressure. After PTMC, ANP levels also increased from 78 +/- 43 to 117 +/- 64 pg/ml, concomitant with the increment of those parameters. However, increments of ANP, mean transmitral pressure gradient and heart rate after PTMC were lower than those before PTMC. Because the most important factor influencing the secretion of ANP was unclear, the differences between these parameters were calculated at submaximal exercise before and after PTMC. There was a significant relation only between the change in ANP and mean transmitral pressure gradient (r = 0.70, p less than 0.01). These results suggest that the most important factor influencing the secretion of ANP during exercise is the change in transmitral pressure gradient in patients with mitral stenosis.

Atrial Natriuretic Factor↗
PubMed1991

Balloon diameter of the Inoue balloon catheter during percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy: clinical and experimental study.

To determine adequate and effective balloon diameters of the Inoue balloon catheter, we reviewed clinical results and characteristics of the Inoue balloon catheter, especially the relationship between the intra-balloon pressure and the balloon diameter, experimentally and clinically, in 46 patients with mitral stenosis undergoing percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC). Mitral valve area increased from 1.1 +/- 0.3 to 2.1 +/- 0.3 cm2 in all patients after PTMC. Based on balloon diameter settings, mitral valve area increased from 1.3 +/- 0.4 to 2.3 +/- 0.5 cm2 in patients treated with a balloon setting greater than 26 mm in diameter, from 1.1 +/- 0.3 to 2.0 +/- 0.5 cm2 in patients with a balloon setting at 26 mm in diameter, and from 1.1 +/- 0.4 to 1.7 +/- 0.4 cm2 in those treated with a balloon setting less than 26 mm in diameter, with an increase in mitral valve area of 1.0 +/- 0.6, 0.9 +/- 0.4, and 0.7 +/- 0.2 cm2, respectively. There was a significant difference between the increase in mitral valve area at a setting of 26 mm in diameter and that observed at a setting less than 26 mm in diameter. We next investigated differences between balloon diameter settings and actual balloon diameters measured from cineangiograms at maximum balloon inflation. The ratio of actual balloon diameter to a setting diameter of less than 26 mm was smaller than that of 26 mm. To evaluate the reason for the difference, we investigated the relationship between intra-balloon pressure and balloon diameter. In the prototype Inoue balloon catheter, intra-balloon pressure increases from 1.0 kg/cm2 at 20 mm in diameter to 2.2 kg/cm2 at 30 mm in diameter at atmospheric pressure. In conclusion, the increase in mitral valve area was inadequate when the balloon was less than 26 mm in diameter because of inadequate intra-balloon pressure. We, therefore, recommend a balloon size set above 26 mm to obtain adequate intra-balloon pressure when using the Inoue balloon catheter.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1991

[Effects of ovariectomy on naloxone-modulated hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)].

Ovariectomy was performed at 4 weeks of age (W), and the rats were used when they were 33 and 75 W old. Systolic blood pressure (BP) was measured by the tail-cuff method. Naloxone (10 mg/kg) was given i.p. Catecholamines (CA) were determined with HPLC. Norepinephrine (NE) was not significantly altered in intact rats by naloxone; however, a significant increase in NE appeared in the plasma, hippocampus, thalamus plus mid-brain and hypothalamus in castrated rats following naloxone. With naloxone treatment, dopamine (DA) was significantly increased in the plasma and hypothalamus, but decreased in the cerebral cortex in intact rats; and with castrated rats, there was a tendency to see an increase in plasma DA and significantly increased levels of DA in the thalamus plus mid-brain and hypothalamus. This suggests that in female brain, lack of estrogen in the castrated rats leads to an increase in intrinsic opiate, and this in turn inhibits CA release. On the other hand, when naloxone was administered to castrated rats, intrinsic opiate was blocked, and, consequently, inhibition of CA release was lost and induction of CA release was enhanced.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Ketoconazole inhibits the growth of prostatic squamous carcinoma, at which time testicular androgen enhanced in tumor bearing rat].

Donruy male rats were implanted with the tumor in the ventral prostate at 40 days of age; and 9 days later, they were concurrently orchiectomized and started on ketoconazole (Keto) injection (5 or 10 mg/rat/day, s.c.). Twenty days later, the rats were decapitated. The rats were divided into the following treatment groups: 1. Intact, 2. Intact + Keto-10 (10 mg), 3. Implanted (Imp), 4. Imp + Keto-5 (5 mg), 5. Imp + Keto-10, 6. Imp + castrated (Cast), 7. Imp + Cast + Keto-5 and 8. Imp + Cast + Keto-10. Keto induced slight inhibition of tumor growth but coincident castration led to a significant decrease of tumor development. Keto or castration increased adrenal weight. Keto could not alter plasma androgen in intact rats, but enhanced it significantly in low androgen situations as in groups 3 and 6. Keto significantly lowered plasma corticosterone and acted to decrease testicular androgen in group 1 (Intact); and in contrast, Keto acted to increase significantly testicular androgen in group 3 (Imp). These results suggest that: (1) Keto has a direct action to decrease the tumor weight and enhanced androgen in implantation and (2) Keto acts to decrease adrenal steroidogenesis.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1991

[2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase activity in patients with acute viral hepatitis and chronic type B hepatitis, and its clinical significance].

The levels of 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase activity (2-5AS) were measured in the lymphocytes and sera of 32 patients with acute viral hepatitis and 20 patients with HBeAg positive chronic type B hepatitis, and the relationship between the effectiveness of interferon (IFN) therapy and 2-5AS reactivity was then studied. The lymphocyte 2-5AS (L.2-5AS) and the serum 2-5AS (S.2-5AS) levels in patients with any type of acute viral hepatitis at the acute stage were significantly higher than in the healthy subjects. The 2-5AS level in cases of acute type A viral hepatitis was significantly higher than in type B and type non A non B hepatitis. However, no significant difference in the 2-5AS levels between type B hepatitis and type non A non B hepatitis was observed. After recovery, the L.2-5AS and S.2-5AS levels decreased in patients with any type of acute viral hepatitis. No significant difference between the L.2-5AS level in healthy subjects and patients with chronic type B hepatitis was observed. The S.2-5AS level was significantly higher in patients with chronic type B hepatitis than in healthy subjects. During IFN administration, the L.2-5AS and S.2-5AS levels increased, with the maximum level and maximum rate of increase obtained on the 3rd day with respect to the L.2-5AS, and after one week with respect to the S.2-5AS. Of the 20 patients with chronic type B hepatitis with positive HBe antigen, 11 showed normalization of DNA-P, 4 disappearance of HBe antigen and 2 seroconversion of HBe antigen. In cases with a higher maximum rate of increase of the L.2-5AS, the effect of IFN therapy was observed to be greater.

2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase↗
PubMed1991

[Enhanced effect of intraperitoneal administration of CDDP combined with caffeine against peritoneal metastasis].

The enhanced effect of CDDP combined with caffeine against P-388 leukemia was investigated. No synergistic effect was shown after one hour simultaneous treatment with CDDP and caffeine. But the growth inhibition was enhanced by the addition of caffeine after one hour treatment with CDDP. It is suggested that caffeine inhibits DNA repair by the reduction of CDDP-induced elongation of G2 + M phase. The increase in life span of mice after ip transplantation was observed by frequent ip injections of caffeine after CDDP injection. It is suggested that the effect of intraperitoneal administration of CDDP against peritoneal metastasis is enhanced by combination with caffeine.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Reduction in hepatic venous pressure gradient as a consequence of volume contraction due to chronic administration of spironolactone in patients with cirrhosis and no ascites.

The effect of plasma volume contraction induced by a 4-wk administration of spironolactone or furosemide on the hepatic venous pressure gradient was evaluated in consecutively allocated patients with cirrhosis and no ascites. In the spironolactone group (n = 15), the hepatic venous pressure gradient decreased significantly (p less than 0.005), by 21.8%, with a significant contraction of circulating plasma volume (p less than 0.01). Although there were no statistically significant correlations between the change in hepatic venous pressure gradient and changes in circulating plasma volume or in simultaneously determined systemic hemodynamics, a significant negative correlation (r = -0.74, p less than 0.01, n = 12) between the hepatic venous pressure gradient change and the post-treatment plasma aldosterone levels was found. However, in the furosemide group (n = 10), the hepatic venous pressure gradient and circulating plasma volume did not significantly decrease. Our data demonstrated a significant reduction in the hepatic venous pressure gradient on a chronic administration of spironolactone, which may have been due to volume contractions in patients with cirrhosis and no ascites.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A method for chromosome analysis of ram spermatozoa using zona-free hamster oocytes.

A method for displaying ram spermatozoan chromosomes using the interspecific zona-free hamster oocyte penetration was described to distinguish X- and Y-bearing spermatozoa. Semen samples from four rams were frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen. After thawing the samples, motile spermatozoa were collected by the swim-up method and treated with ionophore A23187 for the purpose of facilitating their capacitation. Slides were prepared by the gradual fixation-air dry method. The rates of oocyte penetration, first cleavage metaphase, and the number of ova that were karyotyped successfully were 67.9, 60.8 and 40.6%, respectively. The overall success rate (number of spermatozoa karyotyped/number of oocytes used for insemination) was 47.9%. A total of 1009 spermatozoa were analyzed, and the ratio of X- and Y-bearing spermatozoa was 508:501.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

Improvement in mitral flow dynamics during exercise after percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy. Noninvasive evaluation using continuous wave Doppler technique.

Evaluation of mitral flow dynamics during exercise is critically important in patients who receive percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC) because limited mitral flow during exercise provokes hemodynamic deterioration and involves cardiogenic symptoms in patients with mitral stenosis. To examine mitral flow dynamics during exercise, we applied continuous wave Doppler technique in 20 patients with mitral stenosis. Exercise Doppler study was performed 2 days before and 5 days after PTMC. PTMC increased mitral valve area from 1.0 +/- 0.3 (mean +/- SD) to 1.9 +/- 0.5 cm2 and decreased mean transmitral pressure gradient from 8 +/- 2 to 4 +/- 1 mm Hg at rest. Moreover, PTMC decreased mean transmitral pressure gradient from 21 +/- 6 to 11 +/- 4 mm Hg at submaximal exercise. The extent of an increase in mitral valve area by PTMC correlated with a decrease in the mean transmitral pressure gradient at the submaximal exercise (r = -0.76, p less than 0.01) and that at rest (r = -0.52, p less than 0.05). Heart rate after PTMC during exercise was significantly lower than that before PTMC, indicating that the compensatory mechanism (tachycardia) to increase cardiac output during exercise is less necessary after PTMC. Thus, we conclude that the mitral flow dynamics during exercise is improved, as well as the resting mitral flow dynamics 5 days after PTMC, and that exercise Doppler study enabled us to make a noninvasive evaluation of the mitral flow dynamics in patients who receive PTMC.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Effects of cefpirome sulfate on male sexual development in rats].

Cefpirome sulfate (CPR) was administered subcutaneously at 200, 500, and 1000 mg/kg/day to male rats for 5 weeks from 6 through 40 days of age and examinations were made to determine whether the antibiotic caused any detrimental effects on male sexual development when administered to juvenile rats. Cefotetan (CTT) was given at 1000 mg/kg/day as a positive control. Incrustation occurred at the injection site during administration in all treated groups. The CPR groups had no compound related changes in fertility, spermatozoa, and reproductive organs, while the CTT group showed decreased testicular weight, abnormal fertility and spermatozoa, and atrophied germinal epithelium of seminiferous tubules, atrophied epididymis, and decreased number of spermatozoa. From the results of this investigation, it may be concluded that CPR had no effects on male sexual development when administered to juvenile rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Regional differences in peripheral circulation between upper and lower extremity in patients with cirrhosis.

In 42 patients with compensated cirrhosis and 31 control subjects, blood flow (BF) and vascular resistance (VR) were measured at the forearm and calf, using a pneumoplethysmograph. In some of the subjects deep-body temperature (DBT) was also measured by the zero heat flow method. In cirrhosis, BF and DBT were significantly higher and VR was significantly lower in the forearm than in the calf. Corresponding differences were not observed in control subjects. When these indices of the forearm were compared between cirrhosis and controls, BF and DBT were significantly higher and VR was significantly lower in cirrhosis than in controls. In cirrhotics in whom the gradient between forearm BF and calf BF was 1 ml.dl-1.min-1 or more (forearm greater than calf), the vascular response of the forearm to cold stimulation was reduced, whereas in the remaining patients and in controls the forearm BF and VR responded significantly. These results suggest that there is a regional difference in peripheral circulation in cirrhotics, partly with participation of impaired sympathetic nervous activity, which may account for the selective distribution observed in the clinical manifestations of vascular spider, palmar erythema, and warm hand, inclined toward the upper extremities or the upper part of the body.

Arm↗
PubMed1990

[Hepatic and systemic hemodynamics in compensated cirrhosis--effect of posture change].

The effect of changes in body posture on estimated hepatic blood flow (EHBF) and various hemodynamic parameters was examined in 15 patients with compensated cirrhosis. EHBF and various hemodynamic parameters were first measured with the patients in the supine position, and then again 10 min after tilting to 45 degrees. EHBF was 1089 +/- 315 ml/min at supine and 1065 +/- 328 after tilting; the difference was not significant. However, the patients were then divided into two groups according to the magnitude of the decrease in EHBF after tilting, with those showing a decrease of 10% of more assigned to group B, and those showing a decrease of less than 10% assigned to group A. It was found that ICG (R15) and BSP (R45) were significantly higher in group A. Meanwhile, among hepatic and systemic hemodynamics, wedged hepatic venous pressure, hepatic venous pressure gradient, free hepatic venous pressure, cardiac index, systolic blood pressure, systemic vascular resistance, and stroke volume were found to have changed significantly after tilting. These results suggest that posture change has no effect on EHBF in compensated cirrhotic patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Basic and clinical research on intramural esophagography].

Preoperative diagnosis of the penetration of esophageal cancer is important in its treatment. Lipiodol Ultra Fluid was injected into the oral side of the lesion, and after consideration of the state of its transfer linearly and histologically, the contrast medium had mostly transferred into the spaces between tissue. As a preoperative method of diagnosis, the ratio of the distance of transfer from the proximal edge of the tumor to the distal edge of the tumor in relation to the vertical length of the tumor was calculated and called the transfer ratio, and also (1) the distance from the assumed edge of tumor to the projecting portion in the inner cavity for the deepest part of the tumor was calculated, as was (2) the same calculation for the greatest penetration of contrast medium in the layer of adventitia, and the transfer ratio was multiplied by (2)/(1) and the result was called the section ratio. Using the transfer ratio and the section ratio, the preoperative depth of the invasion by the esophageal cancer was classified into four classifications: A0(sm), A0(pm), A1-2, and A3. The accuracy of diagnosis, comparing the preoperative diagnosis and the histological examination was: A0(sm): 100%, A0(pm): 75%, A1-2: 91.7%, A3: 80% and was 85.7% overall, showing very good result.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Fertility study of cefodizime sodium in mice--intravenous administration from pre-conceptional period through early period of gestation].

Cefodizime sodium (THR-221) was intravenously administered to mice of both sexes at dose levels of 300, 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg/kg/day, and its effects on the fertility of male and female mice and on their offspring were examined. Twenty-four males and 24 females were used per dose and as a control group. The males were dosed for 9 weeks prior to mating and through the mating period, and the females were treated from 2 weeks before mating through day 6 of gestation. Cesarean sections were performed on all pregnant mice in each group (16-23) on day 18 of gestation. Of the parental mice, 1, 2 and 1 males died at 0 (control), 2000 and 3000 mg/kg/day, respectively, and 5 females died at 3000 mg/kg/day. Inflammatory changes in the skin at the injection site were observed in the males at 3000 mg/kg/day. In the males, the kidney weight at 3000 mg/kg/day and the spleen weights at 2000 and 3000 mg/kg/day increased, and the thymus weight at 3000 mg/kg/day decreased, as compared with the control values. No differences appeared between any compound-treated group and the control group in the following maternal and fetal parameters: copulation rate, conception rate, and body and placental weights, crown-rump length and sex ratio of the live fetuses. External, visceral and skeletal examinations on the live fetuses revealed no compound-related abnormalities. From the present results, it is considered that the no-effect doses of THR-221 for the parental mice and the fetuses are 1000 and 3000 mg/kg/day, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Teratological study of cefodizime sodium in mice--intravenous administration during period of organogenesis].

Cefodizime sodium (THR-221) was intravenously administered at dose levels of 300, 1000 and 3000 mg/kg/day to pregnant mice on days 6-15 of gestation covering the period of organogenesis, and its effects on the dams (F0) and the fetal and postnatal development and fertility of their offspring (F1) were examined. In each group including a control group, 21-24 of the 33-38 F0 dams were submitted to cesarean section on day 18 of gestation, and the remaining 12-14 animals were allowed to litter normally and nurse their offspring until day 21 of lactation. In the F0 dams, no compound effects were seen in general conditions, body weight, food consumption, numbers of corpora lutea and implantations or duration of gestation. The thymus weights of the cesarean sectioned dams at 1000 and 3000 mg/kg/day were less than the control values, but no difference appeared in weights of the other main organs between any treatment group and the control group. No gross visceral abnormalities were noted at any dose. In F1 near-term fetuses, the compound administration exerted no effects on their development at any dose, except the decreased body weight and crown-rump length noted at 3000 mg/kg/day. No difference occurred in incidence of fetuses with external, visceral or skeletal anomalies between any treatment group and the control group. Normally delivered F1 offspring in the treatment groups exhibited no changes from the controls in postnatal development, reflexes, 21-day survival index or behavioral test performance. Skeletal examination on F1 offspring which died during lactation and autopsies on the other animals at the end of study revealed no compound-related abnormalities. The fertility of the F1 mice was normal at all doses, and there were no compound effects on the F1 dams or their near-term fetuses or newborn pups. From the present results, it is considered that the no-effect doses of THR-221 for the maternal mice and their offspring are 300 and 1000 mg/kg/day, respectively.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗