Biomedical subjects

M Akagi

Publications and source records attributed to M Akagi.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources

PubMed1989

Growth-promoting effect of oestriol in a lymphoma lacking oestrogen receptors.

Various doses (1 microgram to 10 mg) of oestriol (E3) were intraperitoneally injected into mice immediately after subcutaneous inoculation of an oestrogen receptor-negative lymphoma cell line (KE-5) established from a spontaneously developed AKR thymic lymphoma. The growth of KE-5 cells was markedly promoted by E3 at the early stage of tumour growth. At this stage, 1 microgram E3 enhanced tumour growth significantly and the maximum effect was obtained with 1 mg E3. Normal female mice showed a higher incidence and shorter latency than males. However, once tumours became palpable, the tumour growth rate appeared to be unaffected. Histological observations using Alcian blue and colloidal iron revealed a marked increase of hyaluronic acid in the subcutaneous connective tissue of the tumour-injection site within 3-5 days after intraperitoneal administration of 1 mg E3. Biochemical analyses showed a rapid and marked increase in skin hyaluronic acid content to over 3 times the control levels (0.25 +/- 0.10 mg g-1 skin) within 3 days of E3 administration. Subcutaneous inoculation of KE-5 cells together with hyaluronic acid (0.2 mg) resulted in markedly enhanced tumour growth, particularly at the early stage. These results suggest that an increase in stromal hyaluronic acid content is the most likely mechanism responsible for the promoting effect of E3 on KE-5 cells.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Endoscopic diagnosis of reflux esophagitis by the dye-spraying method.

Twenty-one patients (13 patients after gastric surgery and 8 patients with hiatus hernia or other esophageal disease) in whom reflux esophagitis had been diagnosed by standard endoscopy, and who had undergone Lugol-spraying endoscopy, were reviewed. Ninety-two biopsy specimens were obtained from the esophageal mucosa under direct vision and stained with hematoxylineosin and PAS. The coincidence rate of the findings of dye-spraying endoscopy with histological findings was 89.9% (80/89), as opposed to 69.7% (62/89) attained by standard endoscopy (p less than 0.001), indicating that Lugol-spraying endoscopy is highly compatible with histology. Of 34 biopsy specimens showing papillary hyperplasia, 18 (52.9%) were stained unevenly and lightly, and 14 (41.2%) evenly and lightly. Of nine biopsy specimens showing epithelial regeneration, eight (88.9%) were unstained. All 26 biopsy specimens with erosion/ulcer were also unstained. It is concluded that Lugol-spraying endoscopy is of value in diagnosing reflux esophagitis, especially in determining the intensity and extent of the disease.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Characterization of high-affinity receptors for interleukin 5 on interleukin 5-dependent cell lines.

Interleukin 5 (IL-5) is a glycosylated polypeptide that acts as a key factor for B-cell growth and differentiation. We demonstrated previously that there are two classes (high and low affinity) of IL-5 receptors on murine chronic B-cell leukemic cells (BCL1-B20). Treatment of surface-bound radiolabeled IL-5 with bivalent crosslinkers identified a polypeptide of Mr 92,500. In this study, we analyzed characteristics of high-affinity IL-5 receptors on IL-5-dependent early B-cell lines (T-88 and T88-M), mouse myeloma cells (MOPC-104E), and BCL1-B20 cells. All cell lines had two classes of IL-5 binding sites, but T88-M cells bore the highest number of high-affinity receptors. The number of high-affinity IL-5 receptors on BCL1-B20 cells could be up-regulated 3-fold by lipopolysaccharide and down-regulated by IL-5. Disuccinimidyl tartarate crosslinking of 35S-labeled IL-5 to the receptors on the T88-M and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BCL1-B20 cells revealed two major 35S-labeled components of Mr 92,500 and Mr 160,000, even when the binding of 35S-labeled IL-5 was carried out under high-affinity conditions (100 pM 35S-labeled IL-5). The Mr 92,500 component, but not the Mr 160,000 component, was detected in the lysates of MOPC-104E and T-88 cells, both of which bore a large number of low-affinity receptors and a limited number of high-affinity receptors. The results suggest that the Mr 92,500 component represents the complex of IL-5 with the low-affinity Mr 46,500 receptor, whereas the high-affinity receptor consists of the Mr 46,500 peptide and an additional peptide.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed1989

Early diagnosis of esophageal cancer. Analysis of 11 cases of esophageal mucosal cancer.

We reviewed 11 patients with esophageal mucosal carcinoma in various aspects to improve the early diagnosis of the disease. Eighteen lesions measuring 0.5 to 5.0 cm were confirmed histologically in the 11 cases. Histologically 10 of the 18 lesions were carcinomas in situ (ep cancer), and the other 8 lesions were carcinomas confined to the mucosa other than ep cancer (mm cancer); all 18 lesions were squamous cell carcinomas. Six (85.7%) of the seven mm cancers showed abnormal radiographic findings regardless of the size. Similarly these findings were noted on four of five (80%) ep carcinomas 2 cm or larger in size. All 15 lesions diagnosed before operation showed abnormal findings on conventional endoscopy regardless of the size and depth of transmural invasion. Morphologic change was observed in 9 lesions (53.3%), while 13 (86.7%) showed color change; most of the lesions (80%) were manifested as redness. Dyeing of the resected specimen with Lugol solution (Katayama Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan) showed all 18 cancerous lesions as unstained areas. Among the 18 lesions, two lesions were unstained areas, which agreed with the areas determined histologically. An additional lesion was visible with dye endoscopy as an unstained area but it was not visible with radiography or conventional endoscopy. Dye endoscopy using Lugol solution is very important because it allows detection and evaluation of the extent of esophageal mucosal cancer.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

Evaluation and comparison of the axis of the interventricular septum by two-dimensional echocardiography among the patients with congenital heart disease (ASD, VSD, PDA, PS, TOF) and the normal subjects.

A two-dimensional echocardiographic method was applied to determine the axis of interventricular septum (IVS) in the horizontal plane. This study comprised 19 subjects with ASD, 15 subjects with VSD(I), 20 subjects with VSD(II), 13 subjects with PDA, 16 subjects with PS, 15 subjects with TOF and 99 normal children. Parasternal left ventricular short axis view was taken, and the IVS was recorded by using the polaroid prints. The axis of the IVS in the horizontal plane was measured from the recorded polaroid prints. The value of the angularity of IVS (IVS-A) expressed as means +/- one standard deviation (mean +/- 1S.D.) is 52.0 +/- 13.7 degrees in ASD, 42.2 +/- 9.7 degrees in VSD(I), 43.7 +/- 9.1 degrees in VSD(II), 41.6 +/- 11.4 degrees in PDA, 38.6 +/- 10.9 degrees in PS, 61.0 +/- 8.5 degrees in TOF and 40.1 +/- 8.2 degrees in normal controls. There was no significant difference among VSD(I), VSD(II), PDA, PS and normal controls but a highly significant difference was noted in ASD and TOF as compared to other groups. The correlation coefficient of the IVS-A with (1) the Qp/Qs ratio, (2) the magnitude of shunt (%), (3) the right ventricular pressure and (4) the hematocrits were evaluated among the patient groups. The IVS-A of ASD and VSD(II) had a good correlation with the shunt flow (r = 0.921 and 0.88 respectively) and/or the Qp/Qs ratio (r = 0.782 and 0.955 respectively); while that of VSD(I), PDA, and PS had a good correlation with the right ventricular pressure (r = 0.956, 0.953, 0.842 respectively) and that of TOF was mostly concerned with the hematocrits (r = 0.911). Besides, the IVS-A in each severe CHD subgroup was significantly (p less than 0.005 or a better value) higher than the normal control group. Thus an alternative method was validated for evaluating the severity of congenital heart disease by using a noninvasive two-dimensional echocardiographic technique.

Child↗

PubMed1989

Two-dimensional pulsed Doppler echocardiographic technique for estimating pulmonary to systemic blood flow ratio in children with atrial septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus.

A two-dimensional pulsed Doppler echocardiographic method was evaluated for quantifying the pulmonary (Qp) to systemic (Qs) blood flow ratio. Twenty six patients were studied, 15 with atrial septal defect (ASD) and 11 with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). An apical four-chamber view was used to measure the maximal Doppler flow velocities in the right and left ventricular inflow regions (RVIR and LVIR) and the maximal diameters of the tricuspid and mitral anuli at diastole. The two-dimensional pulsed Doppler pulmonary to systemic blood flow ratio (Qp/Qs) estimation involved calculating the area of the Doppler flow velocity signal along the time scale multiplied by the diameter of either the tricuspid or mitral anulus as measured on the apical four-chamber view. In ASD patients, Qp was measured at RVIR and Qs at LVIR. In PDA patients, Qp was calculated at LVIR and Qs at RVIR. Twenty-six healthy children comprised the control group. The areas of the Doppler flow velocity signals along the time scales of RVIR and LVIR were also quantified and the diameters of the tricuspid and mitral anuli were measured. In the control group, the linear correlation of the trans-mitral M(d)*M(a) to trans-tricuspid T(d)*T(a) value was r = 0.909, n = 26. The correlations between Doppler Qp/Qs ratio estimates and those obtained at cardiac catheterization were r = 0.902, n = 15 in ASD and r = 0.967, n = 11 in PDA. These results suggest a clinical application of this Doppler echocardiographic method in the noninvasive estimation of the cardiac shunt in ASD and PDA.

Blood Flow Velocity↗

PubMed1989

Intravenous flunitrazepam for status epilepticus.

Flunitrazepam (FZP) was administered intravenously, with success, to two patients with status epilepticus. Case 1 was a patient with a tonic-clonic status epilepticus. Intravenous phenytoin had no effect. Case 2 had minor status epilepticus. With the intravenous administration of FZP, diluted 1:10 with distilled water at a dose of 0.03 mg/kg at a slow rate, both patients were relieved of the status epilepticus. Unlike diazepam, FZP neither looks cloudy when diluted with distilled water nor causes angialgia. No disturbances in circulation or respiration occurred. Considering that FZP has a strong anticonvulsant action on status epilepticus, it can be expected to be a useful therapeutic agent for status epilepticus in infants and children.

Child↗

PubMed1989

Influence of aging on the histamine release and membrane fluidity of rat peritoneal mast cells.

The maturational changes in the degree of homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and the histamine release from peritoneal mast cells induced by several secretagogues were studied using Wistar rats (4-40 weeks old). Although the increase in vascular permeability of the rat skin induced by intradermal injection of histamine did not change significantly from one maturation period to the next, 6- to 8-weeks old rats were both the most susceptible to PCA reactions and the most responsive to histamine-releasing stimuli. Among rats in this age group (6-8 weeks), the fluidity of the resting cell membrane and the extent of membrane fluidity increase in response to compound 48/80 were greatest. Analysis of the lipid composition of mast cells indicated that the ratio of cholesterol to phospholipids was lowest at the age of 6-8 weeks. From the present study, we concluded that the maturational changes in the extent of histamine release seem to be related to membrane fluidity, which has a profile similar to that of maturation.

Aging↗

PubMed1989

[Estrogen dependent plasminogen activator in breast cancer cells; experimental and clinical studies].

Hormonal regulation of plasminogen activator (PA) in rat mammary tumor induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA) was studied both in vivo and in vitro. PA activity in DMBA-tumor was markedly decreased by ovariectomy, and recovered in a dose-dependent fashion upon estradiol administration. This estrogen-stimulated production of the enzyme was prevented by actinomycin D, cycloheximide and tamoxifen. Furthermore DMBA-tumor cells in primary culture displayed similar estrogen-dependency toward the production of the enzyme without any cell proliferation. This indicates that estrogen might regulate de novo synthesis of PA at a transcriptional level via an estrogen receptor system, and that this hormone might support the growth of DMBA-tumor into adjacent tissues by inducing PA in a direct manner via a route distinct from a prolactin pathway. To examine whether PA reflects the functional state of estrogen receptors in human breast cancer, the enzyme activities were determined in extracts prepared from 160 breast cancer specimens and compared on qualitative and quantitative bases with the levels of steroid receptors. The results strongly suggest that PA can be used as an effective functional marker for hormone dependence in human breast cancer.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗

PubMed1989

Clinicopathological analysis of synchronous multiple gastric carcinoma.

Clinicopathological analysis was performed on 839 cases surgically resected for gastric carcinoma. The incidence of multiple gastric carcinoma was 4.8% (40 cases, 97 lesions). Multiple carcinoma was more frequently observed in early than in advanced carcinoma (P less than 0.01). The rate of intestinal type lesions was significantly (P less than 0.01) higher in multiple than in single gastric carcinoma, and all of the intestinal type carcinoma correlated with intestinal metaplasia, which is assumed to be closely related to pyloric and atrophic fundic gland area. Eight cases (20.0%) of multiple carcinoma were both in the upper one-third and lower one-third of the stomach. Twenty-nine (51.9%) of the accessory lesions were not detected pre-operatively; 12 (21.1%) of them were detected only by postoperative histology. Twelve (48.0%) of 25 early cancerous foci located in the anterior wall and greater curvature were overlooked before operation. These results indicate that the whole stomach must be carefully examined to detect accessory carcinoma before gastric surgery, especially for intestinal type carcinoma, with greater attention paid to the anterior wall and greater curvature, and that complete removal of the pyloric and atrophic fundic gland area would be required for distal gastrectomy.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1989

[A case of leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava].

Primary leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava is rare and fatal. A 15-year-old female was admitted with the diagnosis of the right atrial myxoma associated with the Budd-Chiari syndrome. The tumor of the IVC was unresectable, although the right atrial tumor extended from the IVC was extirpated. Pathological examination of the tumor revealed a leiomyosarcoma. She was hemodynamically improved immediately after the operation. But she was expired due to the hepatic failure 9 days postoperatively. No autopsy was obtained. The literature regarding with leiomyosarcoma of the IVC was briefly reviewed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

[Endoscopic hemostasis against hemorrhage from the upper gastrointestinal tract: its indication and limitation].

We reviewed endoscopic hemostasis that had been performed upon 353 acutely hemorrhagic peptic ulcer cases: Among them, 145 received thrombin spraying; 36, electrocoagulation; 145, topical injection of ethanol; and 27, topical injection of aetoxyscrelol. Hemostasis lasting for more than 24 hours after the treatment was defined as transient hemostasis, and hemostasis lasting for more than two weeks, as permanent hemostasis. The overall rate of transient hemostasis was 87.5%; 84.8% by thrombin spraying, 83.4% by electrocoagulation, 89.0% by injection of ethanol, 100% by injection of aetoxyscrelol, respectively. The overall rate of permanent hemostasis was 71.1%; 75.9% by thrombin spraying, 58.3% by electrocoagulation, 69.7% by injection of ethanol, 70.4% by injection of aetoxyscrelol, respectively. The rate of emergency operation for bleeding was reduced to 9.9% after the induction of endoscopic hemostasis from 64.0% before the induction. The mortality was also reduced to 3.1% from 8.9%. Particularly, over the last 4 years, the emergency operation and the mortality have been reduced, accounting from 7.2% and 2.2%, respectively. In conclusions, thrombin spraying is the first choice for mild and diffuse hemorrhage, and topical injection of ethanol is indicated for hemorrhage from exposed vessels and for localized hemorrhage.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

Endoscopic diagnosis of minute, small, and flat early gastric cancers.

We reviewed the diagnostic process in 6 minute, 6 small and 9 flat early cancers detected preoperatively, and in additional 12 flat cancers that were found in resected stomachs only at histology between 1976 and 1986. The limit of the size of cancer detectable preoperatively was 4 mm. Endoscopically, 7 out of 12 minute and small cancers detected preoperatively showed obvious morphological changes, while the others showed only color changes with or without erosion. Lesions with morphological changes significantly invaded the mucosa more often than those with no such changes (p = 0.010). Among flat cancers, color change was significantly more frequently observed in cancers involving the whole mucosa than in those confined to the superficial part of the mucosa (p = 0.015). Redness and discoloration were significantly more frequent in the differentiated and undifferentiated groups, respectively (p = 0.005). This study suggests that morphological and color changes are important indicators of minute or small cancers, especially those involving the whole mucosa.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[Iron deposition in the brain of a case of the special type of hepatocerebral encephalopathy].

The histochemical demonstration of iron and the iron content was examined in the brain of a case of the special type of hepatocerebral encephalopathy (HCE). The patient had suffered from a liver disease since 36 years old. At 44 years old, she experienced the first attack of twilight state with flapping tremor. She had predilection for eating beans. Her personality gradually became euphoric with the recurrent episodes of unconsciousness. At 54 years old, she died of the complication of melena, renal insufficiency and pneumonia. The liver showed cirrhotic changes and iron content of liver was 0 or 1 after MacDonald's criterion scale. The histopathological findings of the brain showed the characteristic changes of HCE, which were incomplete softening and spongy state pseudolaminarilly extending in the deep layer of the cerebral cortex, the proliferation of the severely changed Alzheimer 2 type glia with or without intranuclear carmine positive substance. The deparaffinized sections, 20 mu in thickness, which were not fastened on slides were used for the histochemical study of iron, because iron deposits displaced inside of the brain tissues when the paraffin sections were fastened on slide glasses in the constant-temperature bath. The iron deposition was found in the central gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, medial and lateral occipito-temporal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus of occipital lobe. The iron accumulated in the ground substance, glia cell bodies, glia nuclei and unknown bodies in the 3-6 layers of cerebral cortex of these gyri. The iron accumulation demonstrated histochemically in other parts of the brain were group 1, 2 by Spatz, mammillary body, glia cell bodies in cerebellar white matter and pons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Brain↗

PubMed1989

Changes in production of interleukin-1 and interleukin-2 associated with obstructive jaundice and biliary drainage in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.

Increased susceptibility to infection in patients with obstructive jaundice has been well documented in vitro and in vivo. Nevertheless, an underlying mechanism for immunocompromise in these patients has not been identified. This study was undertaken to evaluate the production of two important immunoregulatory molecules, interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-2 (IL-2), by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in cancer patients with obstructive jaundice before and after percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD). After decompression with PTBD, IL-1 and IL-2 production was significantly increased (IL-1: from 7.9 +/- 4.9 to 13.9 +/- 4.9 U/ml, p less than 0.05; IL-2: from 8.8 +/- 4.9 to 14.1 +/- 6.5 U/ml, p less than 0.05). There was a positive correlation between IL-1 and IL-2 production (r = 0.424, p less than 0.05). The production of both interleukins correlated negatively with serum total bilirubin level (IL-1 r = -0.478, p less than 0.05; IL-2: r = -0.482, p less than 0.05) and positively with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum (IL-1: r = 0.505, p less than 0.01; IL-2: r = 0.494, p less than 0.05). IL-2 production also correlated positively with serum albumin levels (r = 0.511, p less than 0.01). These results suggest that hyperbilirubinemia and abnormal lipid metabolism may be associated with impaired interleukin production, which may result in an increased susceptibility to infection during obstructive jaundice.

Bile↗

PubMed1988

Messenger RNA expressed in mouse teratocarcinoma stem cells and down-regulated by a tumor-promoting phorbol ester codes for a novel transmembrane protein.

Cloning and sequence analysis of a DNA complementary to the mRNA expressed in undifferentiated mouse F9 teratocarcinoma stem cells but disappearing rapidly after treatment with a tumor-promoting phorbol ester revealed it to be a 1.9 kilobase pairs-long cDNA encoding a protein of 323 amino acid residues. Computer-assisted analyses of the deduced amino acid sequence indicated that this protein contains a typical hydrophobic signal peptide consisting of 33 amino acid residues and six putative membrane-spanning segments. The deduced amino acid sequence, as a whole, bears no significant sequence homology to any previously described protein.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1988

Receptors for T cell-replacing factor/interleukin 5. Specificity, quantitation, and its implication.

T cell-replacing factor (TRF)/IL-5 is a glycosylated polypeptide that acts as a key factor for B cell growth and differentiation. Since IL-5 action is probably mediated by specific cell surface receptor(s), we have characterized the binding of IL-5 to cells using biosynthetically [35S]methionine-labeled IL-5 and 125I-IL-5 that had been prepared using Bolton-Hunter reagent. The radiolabeled IL-5 binds specifically to BCL1-B20 (in vitro line) (a murine chronic B cell leukemic cell line previously shown to differentiate into IgM-secreting cells in response to IL-5) within 10 min at 37 degrees C. There are two classes of binding sites with high affinity (Kd = 66 pM) and low affinity (Kd = 12 nM) for IL-5 and an average number of binding sites for high affinity and for low affinity were 400 and 7,500 per cell, respectively. The specificity of binding of radiolabeled IL-5 has been confirmed by demonstrating that only unlabeled IL-5 and anti-IL-5 mAb but not by IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IFN-gamma, and GM-CSF inhibit radiolabeled IL-5 binding to BCL1-B20 cells. Treatment of surface-bound radiolabeled IL-5 with bivalent crosslinkers identified a membrane polypeptide of Mr 46,500 to which IL-5 is crosslinked. A variety of cell types have been surveyed for the capacity to bind specifically radiolabeled IL-5 with high affinity. BCL1 cells MOPC104E (murine myeloma cell line) expressed IL-5-R, whereas BAL. 17 and L10 A (B cell lymphoma) did not. T cell line, mastocytoma cell line, or macrophage tumor cell line did not display detectable levels of IL-5-R. were hardly detectable on normal resting B cells but were expressed on LPS-activated B cells, fitting the function of IL-5 that acts on activated B cells for their differentiation into Ig-secreting cells. Intriguingly, early B cell lines (J-87 and T-88) that grow in the presence of IL-5 expressed significant but low numbers of high-affinity binding sites for IL-5. The biological effects of IL-5 were mediated by high-affinity binding sites. The identification and characterization of IL-5-R should provide new insight into the apparent diverse biological activities of IL-5.

Affinity Labels↗

PubMed1988

Zinc clearance correlates with clinical severity of Crohn's disease. A kinetic study.

After peroral and intravenous loading of zinc in 10 patients with Crohn's disease, a kinetic analysis of serum zinc was carried out. The patients were divided into two groups depending on the clinical activity indices (group A:five with active form and group B:five with inactive form). The mean level of serum zinc was significantly reduced in group A patients, but not in group B, when compared to findings in control subjects. A significant reduction in AUCpo (area under the concentration vs time curve by peroral administration), accompanied by increased zinc clearance (ClZn) was also found in group A but not in group B. The ClZn significantly correlated with clinical activity indices. Absorption efficiency, the ratio of AUCpo/AUCiv (area under the concentration vs time curve by intravenous administration), was similar in group A, group B, and the control. Therefore, the absorption of zinc in patients with the disease seems to be intact, regardless of whether they have the active or inactive form of Crohn's disease. The hypozincemia seen in patients with Crohn's disease is presumably related to an accelerated turnover rather than to a malabsorption of zinc.

Adolescent↗