By means of the Ca-antimonate precipitation technique, it was revealed that Ca2+ accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of rat peritoneal mast cells. The ER of rat mast cells was isolated using Percoll density gradient centrifugation, and its characteristics were studied. Although the uptake of 45Ca into the ER was enhanced by adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) at concentrations lower than 2 mM, at higher concentrations ATP induced 45Ca release from the ER, suggesting that bidirectional translocation of Ca2+ takes place in the ER membrane. When apyrase was added to the reaction mixture to decompose all ATP molecules, the amount of 45Ca in the ER was decreased, indicating that ATP is necessary to retain Ca2+ in the ER. Not only inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) but also guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) was effective in releasing Ca2+ from the ER at concentrations higher than 2 microM, while guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]-triphosphate (GTP-gamma S), a non-hydrolysable analogue of GTP, was not effective. This may indicate that a hydrolysis of GTP is necessary for Ca2+ release from the ER. Intracellular Ca2+ blockers such as 8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (TMB-8) and dantrolene sodium were effective in inhibiting Ca2+ release from ER induced by IP3. The Ca2+ release due to IP3 was also inhibited by flunarizine, a Ca2+ channel blocker, and by oxatomide, an antiallergic drug. Since these two compounds are diphenylpiperazine derivatives, it is suggested that a diphenylpiperazine moiety may be effective in inhibiting Ca2+ release from the ER.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Snapping elbow caused by the synovial fold in the radiohumeral joint.

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Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Perception of lateral misarticulation and its physical correlates.

In order to clarify the relationship between perceptual diagnosis of lateral misarticulation (LM) by sophisticated listeners and the physical correlates of LM, three experiments using sustained speech /integral/ were conducted. Experiment 1 was designed to compare the spectral envelopes of normal speech (NS) /integral/ with those of LM /integral/. Experiment 2 was designed to collect the auditory impressions of sophisticated listeners listening to LM and NS /integral/ with specific spectral envelope bands replaced by LM. These two experiments showed that: (1) the spectral envelopes of LM are flat or decrease along the frequency axis in the frequency band above approximately 4 kHz, and there is a substantial peak at around 3.2 kHz in LM, which varies peculiarly with time; (2) the replacement of the spectral envelope between 2.5 and 4.5 kHz of NS with that of LM resulted in a remarkable increase in auditory impressions of LM. The facts suggest that the spectral envelope characteristic of LM has a peculiar variation at around 3.2 kHz. Additionally, experiment 3 estimated the spectrum of sustained speech /integral/ using vocal tract area functions. The results suggest that typical peaks of LM are related to the length and position of the vocal tract constriction region.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Total avulsion fracture of the coronoid tubercle caused by baseball pitching. A case report.

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Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Anti-tumour effects of localized hyperthermia on an experimental bone tumour using an intramedullary nail.

A new localized hyperthermia system for an experimental bone tumour in the rabbit tibia was developed. This system was composed of an induction coil, generator and a Kirschner wire, which was inserted into the medullary canal of the tibia as a heat-generating ferromagnetic implant. The metastatic bone tumour model was created by implantation of VX2 carcinoma in the medullary canal of the tibia diaphysis. The days after VX2 implantation, hyperthermia was induced for 50 min. Three weeks after the treatment, rabbits were sacrificed for histological and radiological evaluation. According to the semi-quantitative scoring system, anti-tumour effects of the single dose of hyperthermia was noted radiologically (p < 0.01) and histologically (p < 0.05) where the temperature was at a sufficient level to cause hyperthermia (> 42.5 degrees C). This new heating method, which is relatively simple and clinically applicable, appears to be promising for the treatment of metastatic tumours of the long bone.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative study of the adverse effects of various radiographic contrast media, including ioversol, a new low-osmolarity medium. I. Histamine release.

Histamine release induced by some radiographic contrast media (RCM) such as iohexol, iopamidol and meglumine sodium amidotrizoate (MSA) was studied in comparison with ioversol, a new low-osmolarity contrast medium. Although all of the RCM caused a dose-related histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells, that induced by ioversol was the least. MSA induced more remarkable histamine release than did sodium chloride at each of the corresponding osmolarities, except under hypoosmolar conditions. Moreover, in guinea pig lung perfusion, RCM, especially ioversol, iohexal and iopamidol, induced only a weak histamine release in both non-sensitized and sensitized animals. However, when MSA was perfused in sensitized animals, a large amount of histamine was detected in the lung effluents. These results suggest that nonionic RCM, including ioversol, can be used more safely than MSA for diagnostic examination.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A biometrical study on esophageal invasion of carcinoma of the upper stomach. Part II: Radiographic evaluation of esophageal invasion on the basis of its occurring point and size.

Esophageal invasion of upper stomach cancer was analized on the resected specimen based on its occurring point and size. The distance of esophageal invasion was calculated by subtracting the distance between the occurring point and esophagogastric junction (EJG) from the radius of the cancer on the preoperative X-ray films. Fifty-six (76.7%) out of 73 resected cancers of the upper stomach invaded the esophagus. The average distance of invasion was 19.8 +/- 12.7 mm; the longest distance was 64.0 mm. The shorter was the distance of the occurring point from the EGJ, the longer was the esophageal invasion. The calculated distance of esophageal invasion of the cancer was correlated significantly with its histological distance (p less than 0.01). The distance of esophageal invasion can be seen with acceptable accuracy on the X-ray films preoperatively, even when the proximal edge of esophageal invasion is not clear on the films.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cytotoxicity of smancs in comparison with other anticancer agents against various cells in culture.

The cytoxicity of neocarzinostatin (NCS) and smancs [copoly(styrene maleic acid)-conjugated NCS] to various cultured cells was compared with that of several other antitumor agens in clinical use on various malignant and non-malignant cells as regards to their effect on colony formation of cells. Both NCS and smancs showed the most potent cytotoxicity against all tumor cell lines tested; the IC50s (colony inhibitory concentration 50%) of these drugs were 3.2-20 nM, 10-1000 times lower than those of other drugs. In contrast, NCS and smancs exhibited relatively lower toxicity to normal cells such as human skin fibroblasts and chick embryonic fibroblasts (IC50, about 50 and 100 nM, respectively). Normal rat hepatocytes were found to be very resistant to NCS and smancs (both IC50s were about 500 nM). Moreover, the minimum exposure time of smancs to cultured tumor cells required to achieve effective cytotoxic activity was much shorter than that of NCS and other drugs. Namely, at 30 nM more than 80% cells were killed by exposure to smancs for only a few minutes, whereas with NCS more than 80 min of exposure time was required. It was also found that smancs inhibited the uptake of 3H-thymidine into DNA as expected. These results clearly indicate that smancs is an unique antitumor agent with a broad antitumor spectrum which exhibits some characteristics similar to, but also some very different from NCS.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A biometrical study on esophageal invasion of carcinoma of the upper stomach. Part I: Determination of occurring point of the cancer and analysis of its horizontal extension.

In order to detect the occurring point of gastric cancer, and to determine its horizontal extension from this point, we performed a histological examination of 30 resected specimens of upper stomach cancer and 31 of middle and lower stomach cancers. The center of the horizontal extension (Oh) and that of the vertical extension (Ov) were calculated using a paper model. The mean distance between Ov and Oh (Ov-Oh D) was as little as 5.7 +/- 5.0 mm, and the ratio of Ov-Oh D to the size of the lesion was as low as 8.3 +/- 6.7%. There was a linear correlation between the oral and anal radii of the cancer. There was also a linear correlation between anterior and posterior radii of the cancer. In conclusion, either the Oh or the Ov can be considered as the occurring point, and the cancer grows concentrically around this point.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Transabdominal operation for carcinoma of the gastric cardia: application of pulling-up retractor and EEA stapler.

In order to ascertain the advantages of the combined use of the pulling-up retractor and EEA stapler, we reviewed 88 patients who underwent surgery for upper stomach cancer between 1978 and 1986. The length of resected esophagus was significantly longer in patients operated on using an abdominal approach with this combination, as in those using a thoracoabdominal approach, than in those who were operated on using an abdominal approach with only the retractor or without the instruments (p less than 0.05). A relatively high incidence of leakage occurred at the anastomosis of the esophagus to the stomach or jejunum following operation using a transabdominal approach without the instruments. Pulmonary complication tended to be decreased in the non-thoracotomized patients compared to the thoracotomized patients. Postoperative radiogram following the combined use showed an esophagogastrostomy at a high level in the mediastinum. Our combination technique enables lymphadenectomy in the lower mediastinum and a sufficiently long enough resection of the esophagus without fatal complications.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗