Primary amoebic appendicitis.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
M Ahmed
Publications and source records attributed to M Ahmed.
Detection of Helicobacter pylori in endoscopic biopsies in Sudan.
We studied the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in Sudanese subjects with gastroduodenal inflammation. H. pylori was looked for in biopsy specimens taken from the antrum by two methods: rapid urease test [Campylobacter-like organism (CLO) test] and culture using Skirrow's selective supplement. One hundred subjects were studied. H. pylori was found in 80% of patients with gastritis, 56% of patients with duodenal ulcer, 60% of patients with duodenitis and 16% of normal control subjects. It was neither detected in patients with gastric ulcer, nor in patients with oesophagitis or in those with oesophageal varices due to schistosomiasis, when using culture. However, it was found in 50% of patients with oesophagitis, when using CLO test.
Adult↗
Cerebrovascular accident associated with anabolic steroid use in a young man.
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Adult↗
Ki-1 large cell anaplastic lymphoma--a clinicopathological study.
Ki-1 large cell anaplastic lymphoma is a recently described variant of malignant lymphoma. A retrospective study of 10 cases of Ki-1 lymphoma was carried out at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) Rawalpindi to document its clinical and morphological features. The morphological features were evaluated by a study of paraffin embedded sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin stains. Immunohistochemical stains for BER-H2 and leucocyte common antigen (LCA) were performed in all cases. The age of the patients ranged from 2 to 60 years and male to female ratio was 2.3:1. Cervical lymphadenopathy was the most common presentation. Histologically, there was a complete effacement of the lymph node architecture in 8 cases. The Reed-Sternberg like cells were seen in 2 and histiocyte like cells in 7 cases. Immunohistochemically all cases were positive for BER-H2. It is suggested that the possibility of Ki-1 lymphoma should be considered in all cases of lymphoma with pleomorphic morphology.
Adolescent↗
Amoebic appendicitis--a rare entity.
Appendectomy is the most common surgical procedure performed in routine general surgical practice. However, not all the appendices removed, are submitted for histopathological examination in this part of the world. We reviewed 1400 appendices received by our department from within our hospital and from outside the hospital. Of these 13 cases were reported as amoebic appendicitis. These patients did not have any different clinical presentation from the patients who were reported as acute appendicitis without amoebae. Microscopically these appendices had minimal neutrophil polymorph infiltration accompanied by tissue necrosis and amoebic trophozoites within the appendiceal wall. After histological diagnosis, different tests (IHA and stool examination) were done to exclude a possibility of secondary involvement of the appendix, on 8 patients from our hospital which were negative, thus confirming that these patients had primary appendiceal involvement. Hence we recommend that all the appendices removed should be subjected for histological examination, since ths may help in subsequent management of these patients.
Adolescent↗
Intestinal obstruction in adults at the Aga Khan University Hospital.
During the period January, 1987 to June, 1991, 208 adults with mechanical bowel obstruction were managed at The Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH). Post-operative adhesions accounted for 34% of the cases and were the most frequent cause of intestinal obstruction. External hemia (16%), malignancy (13.5%) and tuberculous stricture (10%) were the next most frequent causes. The predominance of adhesive intestinal obstruction at AKUH shows a trend towards a Western disease pattern. Socioeconomic status was a significant determinant of the cause of obstruction. The proportion of self paying to welfare patients was significantly lower in tuberculous obstruction as compared with adhesive or malignant obstruction and in obstruction caused by hernia as compared with that due to malignant disease (P < 0.05). The present study demonstrates the synchronal occurrence of old and new diseases in a population and points towards the epidemiological transition which is affecting urban areas in the developing world.
Adult↗
Sensory and autonomic innervation of the facet joint in the rat lumbar spine.
The presence of sensory and autonomic nerves in the synovial membrane of the lumbar facet joint in rats was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivities, representing sensory nerves, were observed as varicose fibers in the synoviocyte layer. The fibers were predominantly nonvascular. The autonomic innervation was identified by the presence of neuropeptide Y- and tyrosine hydroxylase-positive fibers. Most of these fibers were found adjacent to or within blood vessel walls. Immunoreactivity to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide was seen in varicose nerve terminals in the synoviocyte layer, mostly unrelated to blood vessels. There is accumulating evidence of an involvement of both the sensory and sympathetic nervous systems in inflammatory joint disease. The neuropeptides now identified in lumbar facet joints may prove to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of low-back pain.
Animals↗
Mutants of the Bacillus subtilis multidrug transporter Bmr with altered sensitivity to the antihypertensive alkaloid reserpine.
The Bacillus subtilis multidrug transporter Bmr effluxes structurally diverse toxic compounds out of bacterial cells. Antihypertensive alkaloid reserpine reverses Bmr-mediated multidrug resistance by inhibiting drug transport. We have obtained a mutant of the bmr gene that provides a normal level of multidrug resistance, which can, however, only be reversed by very high concentrations of reserpine. Reduction of Bmr sensitivity to reserpine has been caused by the substitution of Leu for Val286 in the Bmr molecule. This mutation also led to a dramatic decrease of [3H]reserpine binding to membrane vesicles prepared from the Bmr-overexpressing bacteria. Leucine is larger than valine by one methylene group. Substitution of Val286 with a smaller residue, glycine, had an opposite effect. It led to increased sensitivity of Bmr to reserpine and increased affinity of reserpine binding to the membranes prepared from Bmr-overexpressing bacteria. Neither of the mutations significantly changed the sensitivity of Bmr to rescinnamine, a structural analog of reserpine. The results suggest that Val286 is involved in the formation of the reserpine-binding site of the Bmr molecule.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
gli, a zinc finger transcription factor and oncogene, is expressed during normal mouse development.
The oncogene GLI is amplified and expressed in some cases of human malignant glioma and undifferentiated childhood sarcoma and is the prototype for a gene family characterized by a highly conserved set of five tandem zinc fingers and a consensus cysteine-histidine link. This zinc finger motif has been shown to bind DNA with sequence specificity and may mediate transcriptional regulation. Since GLI is expressed in embryonal carcinoma cell lines but not in most normal adult tissues and shows significant sequence similarity within its zinc finger domain to cubitus interruptus dominant (ciD), a Drosophila segmentation gene known to be important in the morphogenesis of the posterior portion of each larval segment, we established the temporal and tissue expression patterns of the mouse homologue of human GLI in day 10 through 18 mouse embryos with Northern blotting, reverse transcriptase coupled PCR, and in situ hybridization. gli transcripts were demonstrated on days 10 through 18 of mouse embryonic development as well as in normal adult uterus, brain, testis, and limb. Tissue expression of gli during gestation was demonstrated in Meckel's precartilage mesenchyme, the basis occipitus, rib mesenchymal condensations, primordial vertebral bodies, digital mesenchymal condensations in forefoot and hindfoot plates, the ependymal layer of the spinal cord, and the mesoderm of the gastrointestinal tract. Expression persisted throughout gestation in developing bone and cartilage of the extremities, the ribs, and the vertebral bodies, as well as the gastrointestinal tract mesoderm. These findings support a role for gli family genes in normal craniofacial and digital development in mammals first suggested by the demonstration of translocation breakpoints within the GLI3 gene in families with the Greig cephalopolysyndactylyl syndrome and subsequently by reduced gli3 expression in the mouse mutant extra toes. It is surprising that a single gene would be expressed in such a wide range of mesenchymal structures.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Acute and long-term effects of octreotide in patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome.
PURPOSE: Octreotide is of proven efficacy in the management of patients with acromegaly, thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas, and certain gastrointestinal tumors, but its effect in Cushing's syndrome is less clear. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 10 patients who presented with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-dependent Cushing's syndrome, 3 of whom were previously adrenalectomized. Serum cortisol or ACTH levels were measured before and during the administration of octreotide 50 to 500 micrograms every 8 hours for 24 to 72 hours. RESULTS: Treatment was effective in four patients: serum cortisol levels decreased to within or below the normal range in Patients 1, 2, and 3, and ACTH levels were substantially lowered in Patient 4, who had previously been adrenalectomized for a metastatic islet cell tumor. These responses were sustained during long-term treatment for 2 to 72 weeks. All four patients showed no evidence of a pituitary tumor on computed tomographic or magnetic resonance imaging and had proven (Patients 3 and 4) or presumed ectopic disease. Of the six patients who did not respond, four had pituitary tumors and two had presumed ectopic ACTH production. CONCLUSION: We conclude that a short trial of octreotide is warranted in patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome who have no demonstrable pituitary tumor. A response to treatment should alert the physician to the possibility of an ectopic ACTH source and will identify patients whose disease may be controllable using octreotide.
ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic↗
Respiratory short-term potentiation (after-discharge) in elderly humans.
During a ventilatory stimulus, respiratory short-term potentiation (STP, after-discharge) develops, so that ventilation after the stimulus is greater than that before the stimulus. When the stimulus is withdrawn STP gradually decays, tending to prevent hypoventilation and therefore stabilizing breathing pattern. STP has been demonstrated in young humans after brief hypoxic stimuli. Since respiratory arrhythmias increase with age, we examined the decay of STP in normal elderly humans (mean age 62), comparing them with young normals (mean age 27). Resting subjects were exposed to 35-50 sec hypoxia (end-tidal PO2 = 55 Torr) followed by hyperoxia and breathing analyzed during the hyperoxic period, when the subjects were also hypocapnic. With hypoxia, ventilation increased to 152% of control in both the older and younger subjects while end-tidal CO2 fell to 92.0% of control in the older subjects and 94.7% of control in the younger. In both groups the hypoxic increase in ventilation was almost entirely due to an increase of tidal volume. During hyperoxia, ventilation and tidal volume declined over 20-25 sec to control, pre-hypoxic levels, without an apparent undershoot, and there were no consistent differences between the older and younger subjects. Prolonging the hypoxic exposure to 90 sec had no influence on STP in the older subjects. We conclude that neither age nor prolonging the hypoxic stimulus from 50 to 90 sec influenced STP.
Adult↗
Thymidylate synthase in normal and cancer tissues.
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Animals↗
A pilot study of flaccid penile blood flow patterns in normal subjects and patients with erectile dysfunction.
Dynamic penile scintigraphy was performed using 99Tcm-labelled autologous erythrocytes in five normally potent volunteers and 22 patients with erectile dysfunction including 11 patients with psychogenic and 11 patients with vasculogenic impotence (four arteriogenic, three venogenic, three arteriogenic and venogenic, one arteriogenic and neurogenic). Penile radioactivity changes in the flaccid state were monitored by a gamma camera for 60 min after injection of the radionuclide. The penile time-activity curves of the normal controls characteristically showed secondary pulses of increased activity of variable amplitude, duration and frequency, consistent with phasic increase in penile blood pool. This normal rhythmic pattern was impaired in patients with penile arterial insufficiency whereas a blunted pattern was seen in most patients with functional impotence as well as in patients with nonarteriogenic organic impotence with a psychological overlay. This study provides new insights into the flaccid penile circulatory physiology, which may contribute to our understanding of the pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction. In arteriogenic subjects, the impaired response may be attributable to an inadequacy of penile arterial inflow as well as secondarily due to the resultant sinusoidal dysfunction subsequent to penile ultrastructural damage due to an altered nutritive environment. Increased adrenergic activity in patients with psychogenic impotence may be responsible for the observed deviation from the normal pattern.
Adolescent↗
Neuropeptide Y, tyrosine hydroxylase and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the vertebral bodies, discs, dura mater, and spinal ligaments of the rat lumbar spine.
The occurrence of autonomic nerves in the lumbar spine of rats was investigated by immunohistochemical technique. Both peptidergic nerves, represented by immunoreactivity to neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and noradrenergic nerves as reflected by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity, were identified. NPY- and TH-positive nerves were predominantly found in the blood vessels walls. They occurred in the bone and periosteum of the vertebral body, disc, dura mater, and in the spinal ligaments. They were particularly numerous along the growth plate and in the outer layers of the intervertebral discs. VIP-positive fibers were predominantly nonvascular. They occurred in all tissues analyzed, but were most abundant in the vertebral bone marrow and periosteum. The VIP-immunoreactive fibers in the outer fibrous layers of the disc and the spinal ligaments were occasionally observed in blood vessel walls. No immunoreactivity could be detected in the nucleus pulposus. In the dura mater, NPY-, TH- and VIP-positive fibers were found both in the ventral and dorsal portion. In view of the vasoconstrictive properties of both NPY and noradrenaline, it may be assumed that the abundance of NPY- and TH-immunoreactive nerves fibers in blood vessel walls reflects a vasoregulatory activity. The predominance of nonvascular VIP-positive fibers in the vertebral bone marrow and periosteum may represent an involvement in local bone physiology.
Animals↗
Educating girls in Bangladesh: exploding the myth.
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Asia↗
Rubella antibody screening.
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Adolescent↗
Burkitt's lymphoma--a study of 50 consecutive cases.
A retrospective study of Burkitt's lymphoma done over a period of 7 years is presented. The relative frequency of Burkitt's lymphoma as compared to other non-Hodgkin's lymphomas was 6.35%. Although Pakistan is non-endemic for Burkitt's lymphoma, but the frequency of the disease is higher than other non-endemic countries. There was male predominance (M:F 2.3:1). Majority of the cases were in pediatric age group and 12% were older than 35 years. The main clinical presentation was abdominal (42%), either in the intestinal tract (22%) or retroperitoneal (18%) region (American mode of presentation). Jaw tumour (4%) (African mode) was rare. Sporadic cases at almost all sites were also encountered. Burkitt's lymphoma presenting as primary nodal disease was seen in 36% cases. Fifty-four percent showed bone marrow infiltration. The stage of the disease at diagnosis was advance in 54% cases. Follow-up of ten cases revealed poor survival inspite of treatment.
Adolescent↗