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Biomedical subjects

M Adachi

Publications and source records attributed to M Adachi.

At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Medical and nutritional surveys in the Kingdom of Tonga; comparison of physiological and nutritional status of adult Tongans in urbanized (Kolofo-ou) and rural (Uiha) areas.

The physiological and nutritional status of adult Tongans in rural (Uiha, 50 males and 58 females) and urbanized (Kolofo-ou, 77 males and 71 females) areas were surveyed in 1977 and 1979, respectively. Adult Tongans of both sexes in the two districts had considerably large physiques. Being different from the obesity found in peoples of industrialized countries, the obese state of adult Tongans was associated with large muscularity, low incidence of glucosuria, ECG abnormalities and hypertension, and normal plasma cholesterol levels. However, modernization has started to have an influence upon the health of adult Tongans; relatively high levels in parameters relating to obesity as well as higher incidence of hypertension were observed in adult Tongans in Kolofo-ou as compared to adult Uiha islanders.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Murine IgA binding factors produced by Fc alpha R(+) T cells: role of Fc gamma R(+) cells for the induction of Fc alpha R and formation of IgA-binding factor in Con A-activated cells.

The relationship between the production of a T cell factor having affinity for IgA (IgA-binding factor(s); IgA BF) and the expression of Fc receptors specific for IgA (Fc alpha R) was studied by using murine spleen cells activated with concanavalin A (Con A blasts). Fc alpha R was detected by the cytophilic binding of anti-TNP murine IgA myeloma protein (MOPC 315 IgA) to Con A blasts as determined by an indirect rosette method with trinitrophenylated sheep red blood cells (TNP-SRBC). After 18 hr preculture with IgA, Fc alpha R was expressed on 15 to 20% of Con A blasts, which released IgA BF suppressing the in vitro IgA synthesis of the spleen cells stimulated with pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Without preculture with IgA, there was neither induction of Fc alpha R nor the production of IgA BF from Con A blasts. Fc alpha R was not induced on Con A blasts by IgA if Fc gamma R(+) cells were depleted from the blasts by rosetting with SRBC sensitized with rabbit IgG antibody (EA gamma). Even after preculture with IgA, the suppressive IgA BF was undetectable in the culture supernatant of Con A blasts depleted of the Fc gamma R(+) cell population. By using a double rosette method with EA gamma and trinitrophenylated quail red blood cells, Fc alpha R proved to be co-expressed on Fc gamma R(+) precursor T cells in the Con A blasts. The results suggested that both Fc gamma R and Fc alpha R could be co-expressed on Con A blasts, as is the case with T2D4 Fc gamma R(+), Fc alpha R(+) T hybridoma cells, which are known to produce IgG-binding factor(s) (IgG BF) and IgA BF. The relationship between Fc gamma R and Fc alpha R on a single cell was studied by using monoclonal anti-Fc gamma R antibody (2. 4G2 ). The reactivity of 2. 4G2 antibody with T cell Fc gamma R was proved by the inhibition of EA gamma rosette formation by Con A blasts or T2D4 cells. The addition of 2. 4G2 monoclonal antibody, however, did not affect the induction of Fc alpha R on Con A blasts by IgA. Furthermore, the binding of IgA to Fc alpha R already expressed on L5178Y T lymphoma cell line cells was not inhibited by the monoclonal antibody. The results confirmed that Fc alpha R are distinct from Fc gamma R co-expressed on the same Con A blasts, and that the expression of Fc alpha R on Fc gamma R(+) T cells and their production of suppressive IgA BF may be induced by the binding of IgA to Fc alpha R.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of ketotifen and disodium cromoglycate on bronchial responses to house dust, with special reference to the late asthmatic response.

Ten patients with allergic asthma were studied to compare the inhibitory effects of ketotifen and disodium cromoglycate on bronchial responses, especially the late asthmatic response, induced by house dust allergen in bronchial provocation tests. In the first study, types of bronchial response to house dust challenge were classified from peak expiratory flow rate measurements made at intervals after the test. Nine patients showed dual asthmatic response (immediate with isolated late response) and 1 patient showed isolated late asthmatic response. The tests were treated at 1-week intervals, patients having been premedicated from the night before the test with either ketotifen (3 X 2 mg oral doses) or disodium cromoglycate (3 X 40 mg by inhalation). The results showed that both drugs produced significant protection against the immediate bronchial response and that ketotifen was at least as effective as disodium cromoglycate in inhibiting the late asthmatic response.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Ring chromosome 10 and its clinical features.

A 2-year-old boy with mental and growth retardation is presented; he has a 46,XY,r(10)(p15q26) chromosome complement. Five previously reported cases of ring chromosome 10 were reviewed and compared with the present case in an attempt to delineate a clinical syndrome. Since the first description, identified by Giemsa banding by Lansky et al, four other r(10) patients have been described. Their common features were mental and growth retardation, low birth weight, microcephaly, stubby nose, hypertelorism, strabismus, wide set nipples, single transverse palmar creases, undescended testes, and hypoplastic scrotum. In some of the cases congenital heart disease was present.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1983

The effect of sodium depletion on plasma norepinephrine kinetics in patients with essential hypertension.

The effects of sodium depletion on plasma norepinephrine (NE) kinetics were studied in 14 patients with essential hypertension using the steady state NE infusion technique on the theoretical basis of a two-compartmental open model. The calculated half time of rapid removal phase (t 1/2 alpha) of plasma NE was significantly delayed in the hypertensives (1.20 +/- 0.22 min, mean +/- SD) than in normal subjects (0.89 +/- 0.14) (p less than 0.01). The total clearance rates were comparable between the 2 groups (47 +/- 7 vs 48 +/- 11 ml/kg/min). The rates of the endogenous NE outflow into the circulation (RE-NE) were not significantly different between normal (5.29 +/- 1.68 ng/kg/min) and hypertensives (7.69 +/- 5.42), although 5 hypertensive patients (36%) showed an increased RE-NE above the normal range. The prolonged half time (t 1/2 alpha) in the hypertensives tended to be shortened after sodium depletion induced by either low sodium diet or diuretics (1.04 +/- 0.22, p less than 0.001). Both plasma NE and RE-NE were significantly increased after sodium depletion. A close correlation was observed between plasma NE and RE-NE (r = 0.907, p less than 0.001) in these subjects. These results suggest the slowed neuronal uptake of NE at the sympathetic nerve terminals in some patients with essential hypertension, occurring in part as a sodium-mediated consequence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The role of epinephrine in essential hypertension.

The effects of epinephrine (E) on plasma norepinephrine (NE) concentrations and cardiovascular responses before and after beta-blockade were studied in 36 patients with essential hypertension and 10 age-matched normal controls. The resting plasma NE and E were significantly higher in the borderline hypertensives (251 +/- 21 (SE) pg/ml, p less than 0.005; 57 +/- 5, p less than 0.05) than in normal controls (127 +/- 18; 38 +/- 7). An immediate rise in plasma E and NE was observed after one bolus intravenous administration of glucagon (1 mg). Then, plasma E fell rapidly to the baseline, whereas plasma NE declined much slowly. Propranolol did not affect the plasma E response to glucagon, but eliminated a prolonged rise of plasma NE. Exogenous E infusion (1.25-1.50 micrograms/min) for 30 min caused a definite rise in both plasma NE and blood pressures and lasted more than 30 min after termination of the infusion. Propranolol did not alter the time course of plasma E, but again inhibited a prolonged rise in both plasma NE and blood pressures. These findings support the view that plasma E can act physiologically as a sustained stimulator to the presynaptic beta-adrenoceptors, leading to an enhancement of NE release and a rise in blood pressure in man.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Current status of monoclonal antibodies to human melanoma and its application].

Monoclonal antibodies to human melanoma associated antigens were reviewed from the viewpoint of a target structure recognized by them. In addition, phase I evaluation of a monoclonal antibody 225.28S in man and fundamental studies of the antibody-cytotoxic agent conjugates in melanoma-bearing nude mice were described.

Animals↗