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Biomedical subjects

M Adachi

Publications and source records attributed to M Adachi.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Differential expression of CR3, Fc epsilon RII and Fc gamma RIII on polymorphonuclear leukocytes in gingival crevicular fluid.

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) are the most numerous cell population among the cellular infiltrates in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and play important roles in the host-defensive system in the gingival crevices. We determined the percentage of neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils in total PMNLs by light microscopic observation using Randolph-methylene blue staining, then assessed flow cytometric differences in the expression of CR3, Fc gamma RIII, Fc epsilon RII, LFA-1 alpha, and LFA-1 beta on PMNL in GCF and peripheral blood (PB) from 21 patients with adult periodontitis (AP) and 13 healthy donors. Percentages of basophils and eosinophils were higher in GCF than in PB. In both AP patients and healthy subjects, expression of CR3 and Fc epsilon RII was higher while Fc gamma RIII was lower in GCF than in PB. The statistical analysis showed that the expressions of Fc gamma RIII and Fc epsilon RII on GCF PMNLs were lower in AP patients than in healthy subjects. Expressions of LFA-1 alpha and beta on GCF were similar to those on PB PMNLs. PB PMNLs stimulated in vitro with Porphyromonas gingivalis culture supernatant and fMLP displayed an expression pattern of CR3, Fc gamma RIII and Fc epsilon RII on GCF PMNLs. However, C5a and IL-1 failed to induce changes in Fc gamma RIII and Fc epsilon RII. The results indicate that GCF neutrophils are activated, present enhanced adhesion and a decreased IgG-binding ability which would reflect that they are at the terminal stage of activation, and that GCF contains a larger eosinophil fraction than in PB. Moreover, these GCF eosinophils appear to be activated.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Influence of carbonate on sintering of apatites.

Sintering of carbonate apatite, prepared at 100 degrees C and pH 9.0 for 3 days, was studied by thermal analysis, x-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy. The sintering temperature, at which the linear thermal shrinkage of isostatically compacted specimens increased sharply, decreased in proportion to the amount of carbonate initially present in the apatite. For example, specimens with over 8 wt% carbonate could be sintered at a temperature (650 degrees C) which was nearly 400 degrees C lower than that needed for sintering a specimen with no carbonate. Amounts of carbonate lost at the end of sintering, estimated chemically and by infra-red spectroscopy, were approximately equal to sample weight losses estimated thermogravimetrically.

Carbonates↗
PubMed1993

[Investigation of subjective symptoms among visual display terminal users and their affecting factors--analysis using log-linear models].

In order to evaluate factors affecting visual and musculoskeletal symptoms by visual display terminal (VDT) operation, a questionnaire survey was conducted among clerical workers in Chiba university. The results were as follows: 1) Of these workers, 81.9% engaged in VDT operation. For most of the subjective symptoms, the prevalence rates tended to increase with the degree of VDT use. 2) These complaints were combined to give visual and musculoskeletal symptom scores. Both of the scores were higher among females than males, and the musculoskeletal symptom score was significantly higher. No difference was found in regard to age. 3) Analysis using log-linear models was performed to evaluate the effects of sex and age. The results showed that the visual and musculoskeletal symptom scores were significantly higher among the workers operating VDTs for one or more hours per day than among those who did not operate them at all. Analysis of the effects of VDT workloads revealed that VDT use for five or more days per week significantly increased the prevalence rates of both symptoms. Their use for less than four days per week affected neither of the symptoms. With regard to operating time per day or length of VDT use, no differences were found. 4) This investigation suggested that the VDT workloads were not so heavy and that the effects on each symptom were minor among the subjects of the present survey. However, it is important that consideration be given to ensure that the workloads for workers who operate VDTs every day not be too heavy.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Establishment of radioimmunoassay for human macrophage colony-stimulating factor using recombinant human macrophage colony-stimulating factor as tracer and immunogen.

A sensitive and reliable radioimmunoassay (RIA) for human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) was developed using recombinant human M-CSF (rhM-CSF) as tracer and immunogen. The assay was quantitative over the range of 50 pg/ml and 5.0 ng/ml for M-CSF in human urine and serum, and more sensitive and specific than the murine bone marrow assay. The average level of human M-CSF in urine from normal males (N = 71) and females (N = 46) was 3.94 +/- 1.78 ng/ml (2.85 +/- 1.15 micrograms/g creatinine), and 3.53 +/- 1.70 ng/ml (3.31 +/- 1.12 micrograms/g creatinine), respectively. The serum levels were 1.95 +/- 0.38 ng/ml for males (N = 117), and 1.93 +/- 0.49 ng/ml for females, (N = 16). The results with the urine and sera showed that there was no difference in the M-CSF levels due to age or gender.

Blotting, Western↗
PubMed1993

[The relationship between aortic pulse wave velocity and atherogenic index in centenarians].

It is considered that the atherogenic index (AI), calculated from cholesterol fraction levels, is biochemically acceptable but cannot completely express the degree of physiological development of individual arteriosclerotic changes in extremely elderly persons. The purpose of this study is to search for another form of the atherosclerotic index which is more reliable in terms of physiological aspects, and to clarify the relationship between aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) and AI in centenarians. We have measured the PWV in 40 healthy centenarians (7 males and 33 females; age 100 to 105, average age 101.1) and 92 ordinary elderly people (45 males and 47 females; age 70 to 89, average age 75.8) in Okinawa, Japan. The conventional AI was calculated by the Fridewald Method. A statistically significant difference in the AI value was observed between centenarians (1.91), and controls (2.59, p < 0.0001). Higher levels of PWV in centenarians (10.15 m/sec), were recognized than in the controls (8.45 m/sec, p < 0.0001). However, no significant correlations were noticed between PWV and AI in centenarians (r = 0.0049) and in controls (r = 0.094). These results suggested that pathological findings in centenarians are produced mainly by physiological fibrotic changes of the arterial wall instead of pathological atherosclerotic changes.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Effect of indomethacin on the release of chemical mediators from human peripheral leukocytes].

We studied the effect of indomethacin (IND) on the release of chemical mediators from human peripheral leukocytes and the relation of prostaglandin (PG) E2 and PGI2 to that effect. We stimulated the leukocyte suspensions with calcium ionophore A23187 (CaI, 10(-6) M) accompanied with IND (10(-5) M), PGE2 (10(-5) M) or PGI2 (10(-5) M) and measured the levels in histamine (HA), leukotriene C4/D4/E4 (peptide-LTs) and LTB4 in the supernatant fluid. The increase of HA levels induced by CaI was significantly enhanced by IND (p < 0.01), and the enhancement was significantly inhibited by PGE2 (p < 0.05) and PGI2 (p < 0.01). The release of peptide-LTs was not enhanced by IND and was inhibited significantly by PGE2 (p < 0.05) and PGI2 (p < 0.01). IND did not affect the release of LTB4 induced by CaI. However, LTB4 release was also significantly inhibited by PGE2 and PGI2 (p < 0.01). These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of IND on the production of PGE2 and PGI2 results in the enhancement of HA release. PGE2 and PGI2 have a potent inhibitory effect on the release of HA, peptide-LTs and LTB4 from human leukocytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Effects of thromboxane A2 and prostaglandin I2 on the release of chemical mediators from human peripheral leukocytes].

To investigate the effects of thromboxane (Tx) A2 and prostaglandin (PG) I2 on the release of chemical mediators, we studied the effects of TxA2 mimetic U-46619 and PGI2 on the release of histamine (HA), leukotriene (LT) C4/D4/E4 (peptide-LTs) and LTB4 from stimulated human peripheral leukocytes. We measured the levels of those mediators in the supernatant fluid from leukocyte suspensions stimulated by calcium ionophore A23187 (Ca-I, 10(-6) M) with U-46619 or PGI2. U-46619 did not affect the release of HA, peptide-LTs or LTB4 from leukocytes stimulated by Ca-I. The release of HA from leukocytes induced by Ca-I was inhibited significantly by PGI2 (p < 0.05). PGI2 also significantly inhibited the release of peptide-LTs (p < 0.05) and LTB4 (p < 0.01) from leukocytes. These results indicate that TxA2, an arachidonic acid cyclooxygenase metabolite does not affect the release of HA, peptide-LTs and LTB4 from leukocytes, but that PGI2 inhibits the release of these mediators induced by Ca-I.

15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5↗
PubMed1993

[Studies on biphasic animal model of asthma--lymphocytes and eosinophils].

To clarify the role of lymphocytes and eosinophils in the late asthmatic response (LAR) observed several hours after OA challenge, and in airway inflammation observed 24 hrs after OA challenge in OA sensitized guinea pigs, we examined the infiltration and/or accumulation of lymphocytes and eosinophils in lung tissues by PKH2 labeling technique and Luna staining technique, respectively. The guinea pigs showed LAR 6 hrs after exposure to antigen, when moderate infiltration of lymphocytes and marked accumulation of eosinophils were observed in lung tissues. At 24 hrs after OA challenge, intensive infiltrations of both lymphocytes and eosinophils into the lung were observed. Pretreatment with MTX (methotrexate) suppressed LAR, inhibited infiltrations of lymphocytes and eosinophils into lung tissues at 6 hrs (LAR) and at 24 hrs after OA challenge, and prevented bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine 48 hrs after antigen exposure in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that lymphocytes and eosinophils are involved in LAR and also in the chronic airway inflammation which is believed to make the bronchial asthmatic condition more severe and more refractory. Also, our results showed that MTX, which has an inhibitory action on such inflammation, may be a useful bronchial asthma.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Two cases of rupture of intraaortic balloon].

We reported two cases of rupture of intraaortic balloon (IAB). The most likely cause appears to be the rupture of IAB membrane against a calcific atherosclerotic aortic plaque. When the IAB ruptures by contact of calcific lesions in aorta, the leak detection of device of intraaortic balloon pumping is useless to diagnose this rupture. Therefore, the rupture of IAB through a pin hole is diagnosed by the transient presence of blood in the tube connecting the balloon. It is recommended that the balloon immediately should be removed at the transient presence of blood in the connecting tube.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Relation of platelet activating factor induced airway hyperresponsiveness to thromboxane A2 and neutrophil in dogs].

We studied the relation of the airway hyperresponsiveness induced by platelet activating factor (PAF) inhalation to thromboxane (Tx)A2 and neutrophil in ten dogs. Airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine was determined by Astograph (7 Hz oscillation method), PAF (1000 micrograms/ml) was delivered as an aerosol generated from a Devilbiss 646 nebulizer for ten minutes. After determination of airway responsiveness, we carried out bronchoalveolar lavage and measured the TxB2 levels and the number of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Airway responsiveness developed significantly (p < 0.01), and the levels of TxB2 and the number of neutrophils in BALF were increased (p < 0.01) 3 hr after PAF inhalation. The change in airway responsiveness correlated significantly with the percent change of TxB2 levels (r = 0.746, p < 0.05). However no significant correlation was recognized between the increase in TxB2 levels and the increase in the number of neutrophils, nor between the change in airway responsiveness and the increase in the number of neutrophils. These results suggest that the increase in airway responsiveness induced by PAF inhalation is involved in the hyperproduction of TxA2 but that TxA2 is not released from neutrophils infiltrating into the airway; furthermore neutrophils may not induce airway hyperresponsiveness in dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Effects of a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isoenzyme type III inhibitor, SDZ MKS 492 on airway responsiveness in beagles].

To elucidate the effects of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) isoenzyme inhibition on airway responsiveness, we studied the effects of a selective PDE isoenzyme type III inhibitor, SDZ MKS 492, on airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine (Mch) in 6 beagles. Base-line respiratory resistance and airway responsiveness to Mch were determined by modified Astograph (7 Hz oscillation method). SDZ MKS 492 (1.0 mg/kg, 0.3 mg/kg or 0.1 mg/kg) was orally administered 1 hr prior to the determination of airway responsiveness at intervals of one week. Base-line respiratory resistance was decreased in a dose-dependent manner by SDZ MKS 492. SDZ MKS 492 significantly decreased airway responsiveness to Mch (log D min) in a dose-dependent manner, and the airway responsiveness (log PD2.0 Mch) was significantly decreased by 1.0 mg/kg of SDZ MKS 492. These results indicate that selective inhibition of PDE isoenzyme type III results in a decrease in respiratory resistance and airway responsiveness.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1993

[Analysis of differential cell counts of sputa induced by inhalation of ultrasonically nebulized hypertonic saline or distilled water in asthmatic patients].

Bronchial asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways, and a simple method of evaluating inflammation, safer than BALF or bronchial mucosal biopsy, has long been sought after. The induction of sputa by the inhalation of an appropriate solution and the examination of the induced sputa may provide such a method. We compared the safety of two sputum induction methods, ultrasonically nebulized hypertonic saline inhalation and distilled water inhalation, and examined the usefulness of differential cell counts of the induced sputa. The safety of these methods was ascertained by determining lung functions (FEV1.0, PEFR) and urinary leukotriene E4 before and after inhalation of these solutions, and the usefulness of differential cell counts of induced sputa by examining the uniformity/reproducibility. Only after the inhalation of distilled water did the lung function reveal a statistically significant decrease when the data were compared with the control values for each of the two methods (p < 0.01), and when the data obtained with distilled water inhalation and hypertonic saline inhalation were compared (p < 0.05). The urinary leukotriene E4 levels obtained were not very different between the two methods; however, in two patients, urinary leukotriene E4 levels were increased markedly only after inhalation of distilled water. The uniformity of the sputum differential cell counts in the same specimen (evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficient) and inter-specimens (evaluated by Friedman test) was satisfactory for both methods, except for basophils. Hypertonic saline inhalation at 24-hour intervals gave a better reproducibility in differential cell counts of the induced sputa (evaluated by interclass correlation coefficient), when compared with distilled water inhalation. These results suggest that hypertonic saline inhalation is safer and more useful than distilled water inhalation for induction of sputum in a uniform and reproducible way, and that the induction of sputum by hypertonic saline inhalation will be clinically useful in asthmatic patients who cannot expectorate sputa spontaneously.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1993

[A successful surgical repair for all right pulmonary venous return and intact atrial septum associated with patent left superior vena cava].

A successful repair of total right pulmonary venous return and intact atrial septum associated with patent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is reported. A 31-year-old women was admitted for evaluation of heart failure. A heart murmur had been detected since her childhood without any subjective symptoms. She was diagnosed as partial anomalous venous return of all right pulmonary vein and intact atrial septum (IAS) associated with PLSVC by cardiac catheterization. Operative findings revealed that all right pulmonary vein connected to right atrium (RA) and superior vena cava (SVC), PLSVC drained into coronary sinous (CS), therefore RA, right ventricle and CS were enlarged, but SVC was small due to PLSVC. Through large incision from RA to SVC, atrial septum was opened 30 mm in diameter. Internal conduit using pericardial patch was made in order to drain anomalous pulmonary venous blood into left atrium through the ASD. Finally, SVC and RA were reconstructed by pericardial patch for prevention of conduit obstruction. One month after operation, no stenosis of SVC and right pulmonary vein was evidenced by cardiac catheterization and all through the postoperative course, arrhythmias did not detected. She was discharged with uneventful postoperative course.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Identification of specific intracellular domains of the human ETA receptor required for ligand binding and signal transduction.

We have investigated the function of the C-terminal and the third intracellular domains of the ETA receptor by expressing truncated and mutated ETA receptors in COS-7 and CHO cells. All the C-terminal truncated ETA receptors were produced at a similar expression level and were detected in the cell membrane using indirect immunostaining. The sizes of the truncated ETA receptors were decreased in proportion to the molecular mass of the truncated amino acid sequence. When the ligand binding activities were determined for various truncated ETA receptors, it was found that more than eight amino acid residues at the proximal cytoplasmic tail of the ETA receptor were required for ET-1 binding. In addition, the deletion of 16 C-terminal amino acid residues from the third intracellular loop severely decreased the ligand binding activity. It seems that deletion of these cytoplasmic domains of the ETA receptor influences the three-dimensional structure of the ligand binding site located in the extracellular domains. The ETA receptor required more than 13 amino acid residues in the proximity of C-terminal cytoplasmic tail and 10 amino acid residues in the C-terminal region of the third intracellular loop to induce the ET-1 dependent increase in intracellular calcium concentration. Both regions are possibly coupled with G-protein to transmit the ET-1 signal.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

[THC-YAG laser sclerostomy ab externo in monkey eyes].

THC-YAG laser sclerostomy was performed in 7 eyes of 6 monkeys. The 26-gauge optic probe, which delivers energy perpendicularly to the long axis of the probe, was inserted through a 1-mm conjunctival stab incision, 6-7 mm away from the limbus, and the probe tip was positioned at the sclerostomy site. Pulse energy of 80 mJ or 100 mJ was used with a repetition rate of 5 pulses per second. Total energy levels to produce a new outflow pathway ranged from 1.2 to 6.6 J (2.8 +/- 1.2 J). After the surgery, 5-fluorouracil (0.1 mg daily) was injected subconjunctivally for 7 days, and intraocular pressure measurements and ophthalmic examination were performed for 4 weeks. Eyes were enucleated just after surgery or 1 week or 4 weeks after surgery. Intraocular pressures in operated eyes at 1 week and 4 weeks after surgery were reduced to 7-10 (9 +/- 1.2) mmHg, and 0-11 (3.5 +/- 4.3) mmHg, respectively, in comparison with intraocular pressures in nonoperated eyes. Histological examination revealed that the sclerostomy hole with a diameter of 150 microns just after surgery had narrowed at 1 week, and was closed by subconjunctival proliferative tissues at 4 weeks after surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Change in responsiveness of airway and beta-adrenoceptor in guinea pigs.

Allergen inhalation challenge resulted in significant (p < 0.05) increase in airway responsiveness to methacholine soon after immediate airway response (IAR) in guinea pigs actively sensitized with inhaled ovalbumin (OA) in vivo. We have investigated the involvement of thromboxane (Tx) A2 and platelet activating factor (PAF) in this airway hyperresponsiveness (AH). Pretreatment with CS-518, a selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, significantly inhibited both IAR (p < 0.07) and AH (p < 0.01), while pretreatment with WEB 2086, a PAF receptor antagonist, significantly inhibited only IAR (p < 0.05), but not AH after IAR. Propranolol, when inhaled before OA exposure, had no effect on bronchomotor tone, but if inhaled after IAR, it caused immediate death of guinea pigs. This result suggests that hyperresponsiveness of beta-adrenoceptor to propranolol may be induced by IAR. Examination of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid revealed that no changes in cellular content were observed 60 min after OA exposure. In vitro, responsiveness of tracheal smooth muscle to carbachol was not changed by sensitization. Furthermore, anaphylactic reaction in vitro had no effect on the responsiveness. We conclude that airway responsiveness increases soon after IAR when infiltration of inflammatory cells is not yet found in vivo. It is also suggested that TxA2 but not PAF is involved in AH. Hyperresponsiveness to propranolol after IAR in OA sensitized guinea pigs illustrates the possibility of changes in function of beta-adrenoceptor after IAR.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Structural analysis of recombinant human carboxy-terminal-truncated macrophage colony-stimulating factor.

The recombinant human carboxy-terminal-truncated macrophage colony-stimulating factor ([3-153]M-CSF) consists of 302 amino acid residues and has a molecular mass of about 32 kDa, as estimated by SDS-PAGE. Two covalently linked subunits constitute a bioactive homodimer. The structure of the purified protein, expressed in Escherichia coli and refolded from inclusion bodies, was studied. The amino acid sequence was determined by automated Edman degradation of fragments obtained from degradation with CNBr and iodosobenzoic acid as well as by digestion with Glu-C endopeptidase of reduced and alkylated M-CSF. The absence of free thiol groups in the molecule was confirmed with Ellman reagent, which indicated the presence of seven disulfide linkages per homodimer. Sequence analysis of cystine-containing peptides, identified by comparing the peptide maps from unmodified and performic acid-oxidized pepsin digests, gave the following results. (1) Six out of seven disulfide linkages were formed between Cys 7 and Cys 90, Cys 48 and Cys 139, and Cys 102 and Cys 146 at each pair of positions as either intra- or inter-chain disulfides. (2) The remaining disulfide linkage linked Cys 31 of one subunit to Cys 31 of the second subunit of M-CSF. Based on our findings, a two-dimensional model is proposed in which the possible covalent linkage is suggested between the two subunits of the bioactive [3-153]M-CSF molecule.

Amino Acid Sequence↗