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Biomedical subjects

M Adachi

Publications and source records attributed to M Adachi.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Ultrastructural localization of the Na-K-Cl cotransporter in the lateral wall of the rabbit cochlear duct.

Localization of the immunoreactivity in the lateral wall of the rabbit cochlear duct was examined using a post-embedding immunogold method with a polyclonal antiserum raised against the rabbit parotid Na-K-Cl cotransporter. In the stria vascularis, the labeling was significant on the basolateral membrane infolding of marginal cells, whereas no labeling was seen on the luminal membrane of these cells. Immunoreactivity was also detected on the cell membranes of various other cells. These include fibrocytes of the spiral ligament and the spiral prominence, and vascular endothelial cells in the stria vascularis and the spiral ligament. In contrast, virtually no gold particles were seen on the membrane of intermediate cells, basal cells of the stria vascularis, the epithelial cells of the spiral prominence, or Reissner's membrane. Our result on the localization of the Na-K-Cl cotransporter in marginal cells is consistent with electrophysiological studies (Wangemann et al. (1995) Hear. Res. 84, 19-29). Our result on fibrocytes is discussed in relation to K+ circulation into endolymph from perilymph (Schulte and Steel (1994) Hear. Res. 78, 65-76).

Animals↗
PubMed1997

The treatment with differentiation- and apoptosis-inducing agent, vesnarinone, of a patient with oral squamous cell carcinoma.

A patient with histopathological recurrent oral cancer with well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, was treated with differentiation- and apoptosis-inducing agent, vesnarinone, per os at a dose of 180 mg/day for 56 days and then at a dose of 60 mg/day for 93 days. The vesnarinone administration caused complete remission of the tumour. It has been found by immunohistochemical staining and PCR-SSCP analysis that the recurrent tumour has wild type p53 gene and relative high level of LeY expression as well as DNA fragmentation in the cancer cells, as assessed by nick-end labelling. These findings suggest that the cure of oral squamous cell carcinoma observed in this case might be associated with induction of differentiation and apoptosis of cancer cells by vesnarinone.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Osseointegration enhanced by chemical etching of the titanium surface. A torque removal study in the rabbit.

Roughened implant surfaces are thought to enhance osseointegration. Torque removal forces have been used as a biomechanical measure of anchorage or osseointegration in which the greater forces required to remove implants may be interpreted as an increase in the strength of osseointegration. The purpose of this study was to compare the torque resistance to removal of screw shaped titanium implants having an acid etched (HC1/H2SO4) surface (Osseotite) with implants having a machined surface. Two custom screw shaped implants, 1 acid etched and the other machined, were placed into the distal femurs of 10 adult New Zealand White rabbits. These implants were 3.25 mm in diameter x 4.00 mm in length without holes, grooves or slots to resist rotation. Following a 2 month healing period, the implants were removed under reverse torque rotation with a digital torque measuring device. Two implants with the machined surface preparation failed to achieve osseointegration. All other implants were found to be anchored to bone. Resistance to torque removal was found to be 4 x greater for the implants with the acid etched surface as compared to the implants with the machined surface. The mean torque values were 20.50 +/- 6.59 N cm and 4.95 +/- 1.61 N cm for the acid etched and machined surfaces respectively. The results of this study suggest that chemical etching of the titanium implant surface significantly increases the strength of osseointegration as determined by resistance to reverse torque rotation.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1997

Essential roles of the Fas ligand in the development of hepatitis.

The Fas ligand (FasL) is expressed in activated T cells and induces apoptosis in Fas-bearing cells. A cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clone specific for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) causes an acute liver disease in HBsAg transgenic mice. Here we observed that the CTL clone killed hepatocytes expressing HBsAg in a Fas-dependent manner. Administration of the soluble form of Fas into HBsAg transgenic mice prevented the CTL-induced liver disease. In the second model, mice were primed with Propionibacterium acnes. A subsequent challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) killed the mice by inducing liver injury. Neutralization of FasL rescued the mice from LPS-induced mortality, and Fas-null mice were resistant to LPS-induced mortality. These results suggest that FasL has an essential role in the development of hepatitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Granulocytapheresis in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

The G-1 column is an extracorporeal type granulocytapheresis device packed with 220 g cellulose acetate beads to which granulocytes and monocytes specifically adhere. A total of 59 rheumatoid arthritis patients with elevated granulocyte counts from 4 hospitals in Japan received 2 apheresis sessions of 1 h duration/week for a total of 8 times over a period of 4 weeks. About 55% of the leukocytes which entered the G-1 column were adsorbed onto the beads: 95% were granulocytes, 3.5% monocytes, and 0.4% lymphocytes. Clinical and efficacy assessments showed improvements in swollen joints (p < 0.01), tender joints (p < 0.001), the active joint score (p < 0.001), duration of morning stiffness (p < 0.01), and grip strength (p < 0.001). In good responders, the improvements were observed for up to 12 weeks following the last apheresis. Exacerbation was noted in 2 patients. It is suggested that the efficacy of the G-1 column is attributable to the removal or suppression of hyperactive leukocytes and inflammatory cytokines, inducing a kind of immunomodulation.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1997

Functional adrenocortical adenoma in a case with B cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorder.

We describe a B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma (B-CLL) patient with an adrenocortical adenoma. He was treated initially with oral cyclophosphamide and prednisolone for 2 months, followed by low-dose prednisolone for an additional 2 years, which resulted in the prompt disappearance of CLL cells. After a period of 2 years without therapy, a functional adrenocortical adenoma was found. After adrenalectomy, the CLL cells rapidly increased. Progression of the disease and clinical-hematological relapse was well controlled by low doses of steroids alone, and the patient's condition stabilized. Considering the recent data that corticosteroids can induce apoptosis of CLL cells, the above clinical course suggests that augmented glucocorticoid production from the tumor may have suppressed disease progression.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1997

Circulating intracellular adhesion molecule-1 concentrations following bronchial provocation in atopic asthma.

A house dust bronchial provocation test (BPT) was used to investigate the effect of allergen-induced airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) on the level of circulating intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (c-ICAM-1). The concentration of c-ICAM-1 was measured by the sandwich ELISA while the level of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in the sputum was determined by RIA. The parameter used for quantification of AHR was the minimum dose of methacholine (Mch) required to produce a fall in respiratory resistance and was expressed as log Dmin. Fourteen subjects with mild atopic asthma participated in this study. Ten patients (dual asthmatic response group; DAR group) developed a late asthmatic response (LAR) following an immediate asthmatic response (IAR). Four subjects (IAR alone group) exhibited only IAR following BPT. In both groups, the mean baseline concentration of c-ICAM-1 did not change 6 h after BPT (from 195.3+/-20.3 to 220.9+/-27.6 and from 215.5+/-23.5 to 231.3+/-30.5 ng/ml, respectively). However, BPT produced a significant increase in the mean concentration of c-ICAM-1 24 h later in the DAR group (257.3+/-41.14 ng/ml, p < 0.05), but not in the IAR alone group (225.5+/-18.1 ng/ml). BPT also increased ECP levels in the sputum from a baseline value 24 h after BPT in the DAR group (from 30.2+/-10.1 to 68.8+/-19.8 ng/ml; p<0.05), but not in the IAR alone group (from 28.1+/-8.3 to 43.3+/-23.7 ng/ml). There was a significant (p<0.05) correlation between c-ICAM-1-concentrations and sputum ECP levels 24 h after BPT in each group. Furthermore an inverse and significant (p<0.05) correlation was found between c-ICAM-1 concentrations and percent changes in log Dmin 24 h after BPT in each group. Our results suggest that increased concentrations of c-ICAM-1 after BPT may reflect the upregulated expression of airway ICAM-1 during allergen-induced airway inflammation. We propose that c-ICAM-1 is a useful marker for allergic inflammation, particularly that of eosinophilic infiltration into the airway, an essential feature of asthma.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1997

Induction of apoptosis in human eosinophilic leukemic cell line (EOL-1).

Exposure of human eosinophilic leukemic EOL-1 cells to H2O2, ascorbic acid derivatives, actinomycin D, low-molecular-weight polyphenols, UV irradiation, or hyperthermia resulted in nuclear fragmentation, but failed to induce internucleosomal DNA cleavage. The findings suggest that internucleosomal DNA fragmentation is not a universal biochemical hallmark of apoptosis. Removal of Ca2+ ions from the culture medium significantly reduced the cytotoxic activity of sodium ascorbate, but not that of H2O2. H2O2 significantly elevated the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, with or without Ca2+ in the culture medium. This suggests that sodium ascorbate and H2O2 initiate cell death by different mechanisms. Induction of apoptosis in in vitro systems might be useful in studying the pathogenesis of allergy or asthma.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed1997

Evaluation of emphysema in patients with reversible airway obstruction using high-resolution CT.

OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to determine whether asthma affects the development of emphysema. METHODS: We studied 62 patients with reversible airway obstruction during remission, and evaluated the presence and severity of emphysema using high-resolution CT. The emphysema score (ES) was evaluated with the visual scoring method on CT scans. RESULTS: Of the 62 patients, 14 were judged to have emphysema. Patients with emphysema were significantly older and more likely to be male than those without emphysema. All patients with emphysema were smokers. There was no significant difference in the duration or severity of asthma between patients with and without emphysema. The 62 patients were divided into three groups according to the ES: 48 patients without emphysema (ES = 0%), 8 patients with mild emphysema (0% < ES < 15%), and 6 patients with more severe emphysema (ES > or = 15%). Highly significant differences between patients without emphysema and those with more severe emphysema were found in FEV1 (p<0.01), FEV1/FVC (p<0.001), diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DCO) (p<0.01), and DCO/alveolar volume (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Neither the duration nor the severity of asthma was correlated with the presence of emphysema, while smoking history, sex, and age were strongly correlated. No patients with emphysema were found among the nonsmokers, including those with severe asthma or asthma of long duration. These results suggest that asthma does not lead to emphysema.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Idiopathic CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia with Bowen's disease.

A 39-year-old man with Bowen's disease was troubled with multiple molluscum contagiosum over the trunk and lower extremities. Subsequently oral candidiasis was complicated. Laboratory examination revealed lymphocytopenia and a decrease in the CD4/CD8 ratio. His CD4+ T-lymphocyte count was only 187 cells/microl one time and 222 cells/microl another time. No evidence for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was found. He had no family history of immunodeficiencies.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Pernicious anemia associated with chronic thyroiditis and suspected latent adrenal insufficiency].

A 64-year-old female referred to our hospital because of severe anemia. Peripheral blood examination showed macrocytic anemia; red blood cell count was 1.49 x 10(6)/microliters, hemoglobin concentration was 5.6 g/dl, hematocrit was 16.1% and MCV was 108 fl. Serum VB 12 level was significantly low as 58 pg/ml. Upper gastrointestinal examination disclosed chronic atrophic gastritis. Anti-intrinsic factor and anti-parietal cell antibodies were detected in the serum and Schilling's test was positive. Thus a diagnosis of pernicious anemia was made. Though the serum free T 3 and free T 4 levels were in normal ranges, the elevated serum TSH and positive tests for anti-microsome and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies indicated that the patient had chronic thyroiditis. Then other endocrinological examinations were performed. Low level of urinary 17-OHCS and a hypo-reactive pattern of rapid ACTH test led to a diagnosis of latent adrenal insufficiency. This case could be categorized into polyglandular autoimmune syndrome.

Adrenal Cortex Diseases↗
PubMed1997

['Ischemic tolerance' in ischemia-reperfusion injury in the optic nerve in rats].

Brief ischemia caused by high intraocular pressure induced tolerance to subsequent ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Male Wistar rats were subjected to 15 minutes of ischemia. This ischemic injury did not show distinct axonal damage in the optic nerve in electron microscopy. 1, 2, 4, 7, and 14 days after the first 15 min ischemia, the rats were subjected to a second ischemia for 45 minutes (ischemic tolerance). After 1 week, the rats were perfusion fixed and the optic nerves were processed for light and electron microscopy. Samples of the axonal density in the central optic nerve 2 mm behind the lamina cribrosa were observed and counted an electron micrographs. In axonal morpometric findings, 2 days and more after brief ischemia, the damage was lessened more than after 45 minutes ischemia (control) and the difference was significant. This 'ischemic tolerance' induced by brief ischemia might be considered the same stress as brain ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Effects of theophylline and doxofylline on airway responsiveness in beagles].

We examined the effects of doxofylline, which is a new methylxanthine analog, on heart rate, respiratory rate, respiratory resistance and airway responsiveness in five beagles, and compared with those effects of theophylline. Airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine was determined by modified Astograph (7Hz oscillation method). Theophylline (10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg) was orally administered one hour prior to the determination of airway responsiveness and doxofylline (20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, 80 mg/kg) was orally administered thirty minutes prior to determination of airway responsiveness at intervals of about one week. Heart rate increased significantly by all dose of theophylline in a dose-dependent manner and by 80 mg/kg of doxofylline. Respiratory rate increased significantly only by 40 mg/ kg of theophylline. Respiratory resistance decreased significantly after administration of 40 mg/kg of theophylline. Airway responsiveness decreased significantly by 40 mg/kg of theophylline and 40 mg/kg, 80 mg/kg of doxofylline in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that doxofylline decreased airway responsiveness at the dosage which dose not affect the heart rate and respiratory rate compared with theophylline.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1997

[Factors related to attitudes of outpatients toward "Iyaku-Bungyo" (the separation of dispensing from medical practice)].

In order to evaluate factors related to the attitudes of patients toward "IYAKU-BUNGYO" (the separation of dispensing from medical practice), a questionnaire survey was conducted among outpatients of three public hospitals in Chiba Prefecture. Of these patients, about 60% preferred that the present form of dispensing service would continue in the future. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that shortening of time required for receiving medical care was the most important factor for the outpatients choosing pharmacies for receiving prescribed drugs. The patients who received drugs from pharmacies located near their homes and who waited for less than 10 minutes, tended to prefer being served in the same way at the pharmacies in the future. The patients who received drugs from hospital pharmacies preferred out-of-hospital pharmacies in the future if their waiting time was more than 30 minutes at present. The patients who had experience receiving drugs from pharmacies near their homes, also tended to prefer to have them dispensed at the pharmacies. These results were unchanged when the patients whose choice was the present dispensing form were excluded from the analysis. This study indicated that "IYAKU-BUNGYO" may be accepted by more patients, if medications can be dispensed at community pharmacies near their homes, and the waiting time for dispensing is shortened.

Attitude↗
PubMed1997

[Tuberculous pleuro-peritonitis showing increased levels of CA125].

A 53-year-old woman was admitted because of dyspnea and coughing of about 8 months duration. On examination she had left pleural effusion and ascites. The serum CA125 level was high (1150 U/ml) but gynecological examinations were negative. Radiological and ultrasonic studies revealed bilateral pleural effusions and ascites. Cytological and bacteriological studies of the pleural effusions and ascites were all negative. The pleural fluid was exudate with high lymphocyte counts and elevated ADA (87.4 IU/l) and CA125 (1800 U/ml). Tuberculous pleuritis was diagnosed based on the findings of sputum culture and of pleural biopsy. The latter revealed epithelioid cell granulomas and giant cells. Cells in both pleural effusion and ascites were stained with antibodies to CA125. Antituberculous chemotherapy was started and the patient responded well. Both pleural effusions and ascites decreased; the level of CA125 also decreased to the normal range in about two months.

CA-125 Antigen↗
PubMed1997

Aggregation of human blood platelets by remnant like lipoprotein particles of plasma chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins.

Remnant like lipoprotein particles (RLP) of partially catabolised human plasma chylomicrons (CM) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) were separated from CM and VLDL using two monoclonal antibodies, anti apo B-100 (JI-H) and anti apo A-I (H-12) coupled to Sepharose 4B gel to form an immunoaffinity column. Lipoproteins containing apo B-100 or apo E, including VLDL and LDL adsorb to (JI-H)-gel, while CM and HDL with apo A-I adsorb to (H-12)-gel. The unbound fraction (RLP) is rich in apo B-48, apo E and apo E rich apo B-100 which has not been recognized by JI-H. The RLP fraction with a total triglyceride of 12.35 +/- 6.22 mg/ml; total cholesterol, 0.32 +/- 0.08 mg/ml and total protein, 0.72 +/- 0.12 mg/ml (mean +/- S.E.M, n = 9) was added to blood from healthy persons at 2.5-200 microliters/ml and agitated gently at 37 degrees C for 40 s. Platelet aggregation was assessed by measuring the loss of single platelets. At 2.5-10 microliters, RLP induced platelet aggregation increased with the dose of RLP, but decreased at 25-200 microliters. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that within 20 s of agitation in the presence of RLP, activated platelets had appeared on the red cell membrane and within 40 s of agitation, platelet aggregates had formed on the red cells. The platelet responses were unaffected by aspirin (10 or 20 micrograms/ml) but were inhibited by cilostazol, a phosphodiesterase type III inhibitor (0.4 to 1.6 micrograms/ml). It is likely that the platelet effect of RLP is a consequence of RLP dependent red cell-platelet interaction. This is the first report of platelet aggregation induced by RLP without an added platelet agonist.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗