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Biomedical subjects

M Abe

Publications and source records attributed to M Abe.

At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Intraarterial infusion of autologous lymphocytes for the treatment of refractory lymphoedema. Preliminary report.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of the treatment of lymphoedema by intra-arterial infusion of autologous lymphocytes. DESIGN: Open study. SETTING: University Hospital. SUBJECTS: 13 patients with refractory lymphoedema. INTERVENTIONS: Lymphocytes were separated from the patient's own blood using a blood cell separator; about 100 cc of lymphocyte dominant blood separated from this blood was immediately infused into the proximal artery of the affected limb. Infusion was practiced once a week, and repeated 4 to 6 times. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Change in size of the affected limb (defined as the difference between the affected limb and the normal limb after treatment), and softening of the edema (measured with a tension gauge). RESULTS: In all 13 patients there was softening of the affected hard limb followed by a reduction in the size of the limb (mean 64%), and the ache and sensation of heat in the limb lessened. The reduction in size was maintained in 9 of the 13 patients for three months, despite returning to their normal activities. CONCLUSION: Intra-arterial infusion of autologous lymphocytes is a promising treatment for refractory lymphoedema.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Studies on hypogeusia in hyperemesis gravidarum].

We measured changes in gustatory sensitivities and gustation threshold levels and those of some trace elements, vitamin E and lipids in the serum of 38 patients suffering from hyperemesis gravidarum, 12 normal pregnant women in the first trimester and 22 healthy non-pregnant women by means of filter discs and an electrogusto meter (EGM) and we obtained the following results. 1. Gustatory sensitivity to sweetness was found to be significantly lowered in the patients with hyperemesis gravidarum when tested with filter discs (p < 0.05). 2. Gustation threshold levels were significantly lowered in the patients with hyperemesis gravidarum and the normal pregnant women tested with the EGM (p < 0.01). 3. There was considerable heterogeusia of women in the patients with hyperemesis gravidarum (p < 0.05). 4. Zn and Mg in serum decreased (p < 0.01), but Cu increased significantly in the patients with hyperemesis gravidarum and the normal pregnant women (p < 0.01). 5. Total cholesterol and phospholipid in serum significantly decreased, but lipid peroxide in serum significantly increased in the patients with hyperemesis gravidarum (p < 0.01). These results suggested that the gustatory test was helpful in investigating hyperemesis gravidarum and that biological defense systems (scavenger systems) to free radicals were damaged in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

In vivo radiosensitization efficacy of KU-2285 and etanidazole at clinically relevant low radiation doses.

PURPOSE: The in vivo radiosensitization efficacy of KU-2285 at clinically relevant low radiation doses (2-4 Gy) was compared with that of etanidazole using four types of assays with EMT6, SCCVII, and C3H mammary tumors. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The in vivo-in vitro cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay and the chromosomal aberration assay were used to assess the sensitizing effect at single doses of 2-4 Gy. After in vivo treatment for tumors, tumor cells were cultured in the presence of cytochalasin B for the former assay or demecolcine for the latter assay, and the micronucleus frequency in binucleate cells and the chromosomal frequency in metaphase cells were evaluated after 42 hr and 3 hr of culture. In addition, an in vivo-in vitro colony assay and a growth delay assay were performed using fractionated irradiation regimens (4 Gy x 5). RESULTS: The sensitizer enhancement ratio for 100-400 mg/kg of KU-2285 was between 1.12 and 1.42. KU-2285 was a more efficient sensitizer than etanidazole in 3 of 9 experiments and as efficient as etanidazole in the remaining six experiments. CONCLUSION: Both the micronucleus assay and the chromosomal aberration assay appeared to be very useful in evaluating the in vivo sensitizing effect at low radiation doses. KU-2285 had a definite radiosensitizing effect even at low radiation doses, and clinical trials of KU-2285 may be warranted.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: increased growth response to platelet-derived growth factor BB in cell culture.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a malignant tumor originating in the dermis. Although it is locally aggressive and recurs unless completely excised, it only rarely metastasizes. In the present study, we established 4 cultured DFSP cell strains, which were almost identical to normal skin fibroblasts when observed under a phase-contrast-microscope, and we observed their responses to various growth factors. DFSP cells showed significantly greater response to platelet-derived growth factor BB(PDGF BB) and transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF beta 1) than normal fibroblasts. We also determined upregulation of PDGF beta receptors in DFSP cells by both 125I PDGF-BB binding assay and immunoblotting analysis. These findings suggest that the interaction between the PDGF-B chain and the overexpression of PDGF beta receptors might play a role in the development of DFSP tumors.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1993

Immunological detection of an oviductal glycoprotein in the rat.

In the golden hamster, high-molecular-weight glycoproteins are secreted by the epithelial cells of the oviduct. The present study was designed to investigate the possibility that the rat oviduct produces specific glycoproteins similar to the oviductal glycoproteins (GHOGPs) of the golden hamster. Oviductal extracts and oviductal fluids obtained from ovulatory rats were analysed by immunoblotting for the presence of glycoproteins that cross-react with a monoclonal antibody (MAb) against GHOGPs. The MAb immunoreacted with a broad band of proteins with a range of molecular weights (MWs) of above 330 kD in oviductal extracts or oviductal fluid after fractionation by electrophoresis under reducing conditions, but these proteins were not present in serum and uterine flushings. An immunohistochemical study demonstrated that the MAb bound strongly to the epithelial cells of the oviduct and, to a lesser extent, to those of the large intestine. Weak reactions were also observed with some other tissues. However, similar material of high MW was not detected in extracts of tissues from the other organs, suggesting that the glycoprotein of high MW that reacted with the MAb is specific for the oviduct. Ultrastructural immunocytochemistry revealed that the MAb reacted specifically with putative secretory granules of nonciliated cells in the oviductal epithelium. These results indicate that the oviductal epithelial cells of the rat produce a specific glycoprotein that is immunologically similar to GHOGPs.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Supratentorial low-grade astrocytoma. Correlation of computed tomography findings with effect of radiation therapy and prognostic variables.

BACKGROUND: In supratentorial low-grade astrocytoma, radiation therapy effects and prognostic factors, especially with respect to computed tomography (CT) findings, are not yet well established. A retrospective analysis of 119 patients with this disease (histologically confirmed ordinary astrocytoma) therefore was conducted. METHODS: Between 1965 and 1989, 101 patients received postoperative radiation therapy, whereas 18 patients received surgery alone. Radiation was directed to the tumor plus a 1- to 3-cm margin in almost all cases; the dose range was 41 to 66 Gy (mean, 57 Gy). CT scan was performed before treatment on 74 patients. Postoperative survival rates were compared by both univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: The 5- and 10-year survival rates for the irradiated group were 60% and 41%, respectively, which were significantly better than those for the surgery-alone group (37% and 11%, P = 0.048). Among various potential prognostic factors for the irradiated patients, only a lower age was associated with a better prognosis. Sex, tumor site (deep-seated or not), extent of surgery, radiation dose and field, and adjuvant chemotherapy did not influence the prognosis significantly. Among various CT findings, a clear tumor margin, a maximum tumor area less than 25 cm2, presence of a cyst, and lack of mass effect were associated with a better prognosis on univariate analysis (P = 0.02-0.12), but contrast enhancement was not related to prognosis. On multivariate analysis, however, mass effect was the only significant factor. CONCLUSIONS: Radiation therapy appears definitely to be effective in improving the prognosis for low-grade astrocytoma. Younger age, and the absence of mass effect determined by CT, were associated significantly with a better prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

The structure and characteristics of a fourth allele of polymorphic N-acetyltransferase gene found in the Japanese population.

Polymorphic N-acetyltransferase (NAT2), which exists in the human liver and metabolizes a wide spectrum of arylamine, is encoded by one gene (NAT2). We have identified the mutations of a fourth NAT2 allele (allele 4) which we previously found in the Japanese population. Compared with allele 1, which expresses a high enzyme activity, allele 4 has 3 nucleotide differences. 2 are missense mutations at nucleotide position (nt) 341 and 803. The other is a silent mutation at the KpnI site. From the result of expression studies of chimeric gene constructs between allele 1 and allele 4 in Chinese hamster ovary cells, nt 341 missense mutation of the allele 4 which causes the Ile-114 to Thr change is responsible for the low enzyme activity of NAT2 protein.

Alleles↗
PubMed1993

Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific for bovine oviductal glycoproteins.

Four monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced in rat cells against materials obtained from the bovine oviduct. The MAbs (1H10, 2A4, 2C5, and 1B12) reacted strongly with the oviductal epithelium of cows in the follicular phase. An immunohistochemical study demonstrated that each of the MAbs bound strongly to the supranuclear cytoplasm of epithelial cells of the oviduct, but not of the stromal cells. Antigens that reacted with the MAbs were characterized by immunoblotting analysis of proteins after fractionation by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions of oviductal flushings obtained from cows at estrus. All MAbs strongly stained a band of protein with a molecular weight (MW) of 85-97 kD. MAb 1H10 also reacted with the minor band of a 55-kD protein. Similar antigens were not detected in uterine flushings, follicular fluid, and serum. No specific immunohistochemical reactivity with the MAbs was observed with other tissues from the reproductive tract and with nonreproductive tissues. The immunohistochemical reactions were completely eliminated by pretreatment of tissues with trypsin, but not with periodic acid, results that suggest that the antigenic determinants that react with the MAbs were proteinaceous rather than carbohydrate. We have thus established clones that produce 4 MAbs that are specific for oviduct-specific glycoproteins of the cow.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Characterization of cis-acting elements regulating transcription of the human DF3 breast carcinoma-associated antigen (MUC1) gene.

The present studies have examined the sequences responsible for regulating transcription of the human DF3 breast carcinoma-associated antigen (MUC1) gene. A region 1656 base pairs upstream to the DF3 transcription initiation site was fused to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene. Transient expression assays using a series of deleted constructs demonstrated that the region from position -618 contains the regulatory sequences necessary for DF3 transcription in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Further analysis with internal deletion vectors and heterologous promoter constructs indicated the involvement of cis-acting elements in the fragment extending from positions -598 to -485. By gel retardation and DNA footprinting, we have identified a protein in MCF-7 cells that recognizes sequences between positions -505 and -485. The results of Southwestern studies demonstrate that this protein has an apparent molecular mass of 45 kDa. Taken together, these results suggest that DF3 gene transcription is regulated by a previously undescribed transacting factor.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1993

Transient recruitment of osteoclasts and expression of their function in osteopetrotic (op/op) mice by a single injection of macrophage colony-stimulating factor.

Severe deficiency of osteoclasts in op/op mice, caused by the absence of functional macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), is cured by daily injections of purified recombinant human M-CSF (rhM-CSF). In this study, we found that a single injection of 5 micrograms rhM-CSF is enough for recruitment of osteoclasts in mutant mice. Osteoclast number increased during the period between 2 and 4 days after the single rhM-CSF injection. When YM175, a new derivative of bisphosphonate, was administered to the mice 4 days after rhM-CSF injection or later, osteoclasts disappeared by 3 days after YM175 administration. However, a significant number of osteoclasts were detected even at 3 days after YM175 administration when YM175 was administered 3 days after rhM-CSF injection or earlier. These results indicate that YM175 is cytotoxic only to functioning osteoclasts and that recruitment of osteoclasts is finished 4 days after a single rhM-CSF injection. The osteoclasts actively resorbed bone trabeculae for a prolonged period, demonstrating that M-CSF is not requisite for the functioning of mature osteoclasts.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

A novel monoclonal antibody (FUN-1) identifies an activation antigen in cells of the B-cell lineage and Reed-Sternberg cells.

The characterization of a new monoclonal antibody (MoAb) recognizing a human B-cell activation antigen, designated FUN-1, is described in this paper. Immunoprecipitation revealed that FUN-1 recognizes an antigen with a molecular weight (MW) of 75kD. FUN-1 reacts with pokeweed mitogen-activated B lymphocytes and monocytes of peripheral blood, but not with unstimulated lymphocytes or granulocytes. It also reacts with large lymphoid cells in germinal centres, Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cell lines, large B-cell lymphomas, Ki-1-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphomas, and Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease, but not with Concanavalin A-activated T cells, acute lymphoblastic leukaemias, T-cell lymphomas, or low-grade B-cell leukaemias. These findings indicate that FUN-1 recognizes a previously unreported B-cell activation antigen. This MoAb appears to be useful for the study of maturation and differentiation in the B-cell lineage as well as for the immunohistochemical diagnosis of B-cell lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Effects of toluene administration on delayed matching-to-sample performance in the pigeon.

Four pigeons were trained using a delayed matching-to-sample task. This task was composed of identity matching-to-sample trials and oddity from sample trials. In the case of identity trials, pigeons were required to choose the same stimulus as a sample to reach a food reward, and in the case of oddity trials, they had to choose a different stimulus from a sample to gain a food reward. After the performance became stable, toluene was administered intramuscularly at dosages of 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg and tests were executed. The dosage of 10 mg/kg toluene caused increases in the percentage of correct responses in the 5- and 10-sec delay intervals, and 20 and 40 mg/kg toluene injections also increased the correct responses to some extent. At the dosage of 80 mg/kg toluene, the correct responses decreased and the performance was impaired. Toluene administration at relatively low dosages, especially 10 mg/kg, seemed to have excitatory effects on the CNS in pigeons, and presumably its arousal actions activated memory processes.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Immunocytochemical localization of oviduct-specific glycoproteins in the oviductal epithelium from cows at follicular and luteal phases.

The immunocytochemical localization of bovine oviduct-specific glycoproteins was investigated by light and electron microscopy. Using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for bovine oviductal glycoproteins, 3 regions (fimbriae, ampulla, and isthmus) of the epithelium in the bovine oviduct we studied during the follicular and luteal phases. The MAbs reacted specifically with the oviductal epithelial cells. Intense labeling was observed in the ampullar and fimbrial epithelia of cows at the follicular phase, but the reactions were weaker at the luteal phase. In the isthmus, the immunohistochemical reaction was faint during both follicular and luteal phases. At the ultrastructural level, the MAbs bound selectively to putative secretory granules of nonciliated cells in the ampulla and fimbriae, but not in the isthmus. These results suggest that there are cyclic changes and regional differences in the production of glycoproteins in the bovine oviduct.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

An improved method for genotyping of N-acetyltransferase polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction.

Polymorphic N-acetyltransferase in human liver catalyzes N-acetylation of various arylamine-containing drugs and environmental chemicals. To accelerate the pharmacogenetic and ecogenetic studies of N-acetyltransferase polymorphism, we have developed a rapid and simple method for genotyping using a polymerase chain reaction based restriction fragment length polymorphism. This method distinguishes four kinds of allele of the N-acetyltransferase gene using a single polymerase chain reaction starting with a set of primers, followed by successive Asp718, BamHI and TaqI digestions, and then running the samples on a single electrophoresis lane. This method allows us to determine ten different genotypes easily and reliably.

Alleles↗
PubMed1993

Cortical reactivity in REM sleep with tonic mentalis EMG activity induced by clomipramine: an evaluation by slow vertex response.

Slow vertex response (SVR) to sound stimuli was used as an index to assess whether cortical reactivity in REM sleep with tonic mentalis EMG activity (stage 1-REM) corresponds to that in REM sleep or rather to that in stage 1 of NREM sleep. In 11 young adult subjects 3 night polygraphic records were made after administration of 25 or 50 mg of clomipramine or non-active placebo. Stage 1-REM was observed in the drug night in 8 of the 11 subjects. N1-P2 and P2-N2 amplitudes of SVR were markedly smaller in stage 1-REM than in stage 1, but were virtually of the same height in stage 1-REM and in stage REM. This indicates that cortical reactivity in stage 1-REM closely resembles the counterpart in stage REM. This finding corresponds well with the frequent emergence of vivid dreams in stage 1-REM, indicating that stage 1-REM observed in the present subjects probably represents REM sleep without muscle atonia.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Radiosensitization of SCCVII tumours and normal tissues by nicotinamide and carbogen: analysis by micronucleus assay.

The radiosensitizing effect on SCCVII tumours of carbogen (95% O2 + 5% CO2) combined with nicotinamide was investigated using the micronucleus assay and an in vivo/in vitro colony formation assay following single irradiation. The effects on intestinal crypt cells and bone marrow cells were also examined in mice. The frequency of micronuclei in tumours increased with an increase in the nicotinamide dose (administered 1 h before the irradiation of 5 Gy) from 0.1 to 1.0 mg/g, and showed a 1.3-fold increase at 1.0 mg/g when compared with radiation alone. The micronucleus frequency showed a more marked increase following irradiation combined with nicotinamide and carbogen inhalation starting 15 min before irradiation. The radiosensitizing effect reached a plateau at a nicotinamide dose of 0.1 mg/g in combination with carbogen, giving an enhancement ratio (ER) of 1.8 relative to radiation alone at 2 Gy. In the radiation dose range of 5-20 Gy, ERs of 1.8-1.9 and 1.5 (at a 10% cell-survival level) were obtained for the combination of 0.1 or 1.0 mg/g nicotinamide and carbogen and for carbogen alone, respectively. A slight increase in the regeneration response of the jejunum and the bone marrow was observed following irradiation combined with 0.1 mg/g nicotinamide and carbogen, yielding ERs of 1.07 for the jejunum and 1.15 for the bone marrow. Thus, the nicotinamide/carbogen combination, with its large therapeutic gain factor at low doses and proven low toxicity in humans, seems to improve the response of cancer to radiotherapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Amelanotic metastatic melanoma in a patient with oculocutaneous albinism.

Melanomas are rare in patients who have albinism, compared with the frequent occurrence of squamous cell carcinomas and basal cell carcinomas. This report describes amelanotic metastatic melanoma in a 58-year-old Japanese man who had tyrosinase-positive oculocutaneous albinism. A prolonged bleeding time, facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, and Gilbert syndrome were also present. Superficial spreading melanoma with evidence of spontaneous regression on his right forearm was suspected as a possible primary site. Twenty-two cases of melanomas in persons who have albinism have been reported.

Albinism, Oculocutaneous↗