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Biomedical subjects

M Abdulla

Publications and source records attributed to M Abdulla.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Nutrient intake and health status of vegans. Chemical analyses of diets using the duplicate portion sampling technique.

A strict vegetarian diet [vegan diet (VD)] was investigated. Six middle-aged vegans (three men and three women) collected copies of 24-h diets using the duplicate portion sampling technique. By chemical analyses, the nutrient composition was determined in detail and compared with corresponding figures of a normal mixed Swedish diet. In the VD 30% of the energy originated from fat compared with 40% in normal Swedish mixed diet (MD). Linoleic acid was the dominant fatty acid (60% of total fat in VD versus 8% in MD). The VD contained 24 g protein/1000 kcal compared to 30 g/1000 kcal in MD, but the intake of essential amino acids by the vegans exceeded the recommendations. Dietary fiber was about 5 times higher in the vegan diet (29 versus 6 g/1000 kcal) and sucrose similar to MD (18 versus 21 g/1000 kcal). Among the inorganic nutrients the concentration of calcium (351 versus 391 mg/1000 kcal) and sodium (53 versus 49 mmol/1000 kcal) were similar in both types of diets but the amount of potassium (56 versus 30 mmol/1000 kcal, magnesium (300 versus 110 mg/1000 kcal), iron (9 versus 6.5 mg/1000 kcal), zinc (6.5 versus 4.7 mg/1000 kcal), and copper (2 versus 0.7 mg/1000 kcal) were nearly doubled. Iodine (39 versus 156 micrograms/1000 kcal and selenium (5 versus 17 micrograms/1000 kcal) were much lower in the VD, selenium even being undetectable in several 24-h diets. The VD was rich in folic acid (301 versus 90 micrograms/1000 kcal in MD) but the intake of vitamin B12 was only 0.3 to 0.4 microgram/day (MD: 3 to 4 micrograms/day). No clinical signs of nutritional deficiency were observed in the vegans. Serum protein levels of the vegans as well as their serum lipoproteins were near the lower range of the reference group. In addition, none of the vegans was overweight and their blood pressures were low for their age.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1980

Comparison of energy and nutrient intakes in women with high and low blood pressure levels.

The present study found no link between the intake of energy and various nutrients, on the one hand, and high or low blood pressure (BP) in women, on the other. Sixty women not on treatment for hypertension were selected from a defined population and examined, applying the duplicate portion technique, with respect to the relationships between BP and the intake of energy and nutrients. They were selected from above the 95th percentile for BP (group A) and from below the 30th (group B). The two groups were age-matched. The food sampling comprised six days, divided into three periods of two consecutive days within a period of four weeks. Twenty-four hour urine specimens were collected in each period and on two other occasions. The mean values for intake of energy, fat, protein, carbohydrates, minerals and electrolytes did not differ between the two groups despite the large differences in BP and obesity. The mean values for urinary excretion of minerals, electrolytes and nitrogen (calculated as crude protein) did not differ between groups. The present findings for the effect of salt on BP do not justify restriction of the salt intake as a means for decreasing BP in the population.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Zinc and copper levels in whole blood and plasma from patients with squamous cell carcinomas of head and neck.

Zinc in plasma and whole blood from 13 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck was significantly decreased, and the copper:zinc ratio in the plasma was significantly higher than in healthy controls. The plasma zinc was significantly lower in patients who did not respond to therapy and who died within 12 months than in those who responded to therapy and had a remission within 12--15 months. In patients responding to therapy and alive after 12--15 months, zinc in the plasma and whole blood and the copper:zinc ratio became normal. These results suggest a potential screening and predicting value of zinc in the plasma and whole blood and the copper:zinc ratio in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effect of different levels of dietary zinc on development of chemically induced oral cancer in rats.

Four-week-old female rats distributed among three experimental groups were fed a 0.23 (zinc-deficient), 0.77 (zinc-adequate) or 3.06 (zinc-supplemented) mmol zinc/kg diet and oral cancer was induced by repeated application of the water-soluble carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide (4NQO) to the palatal mucosa. The clinical development of oral cancer differed significantly among the three groups (P less than 0.05). In rats fed the zinc-supplemented diet, the macroscopic oral cancer appeared early and the survival time was shorter than in either of the other groups. It was concluded that a zinc-supplemented diet accelerates, and a zinc-deficient diet retards the development of chemically induced oral cancer in rats.

4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide↗
PubMed1979

Influence of zinc on onset and progression of oral carcinogenesis in rats.

Three-week-old female rats were fed 0.09 (zinc-deficient), 0.77 (zinc-adequate) or 3.98 (zinc-supplemented) mmol zinc/kg diet in three experimental groups and the palatal mucosa was painted with the water-soluble carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide (4NQO) three times a week for 20 weeks. The zinc-supplemented diet seemed to retard the induction of carcinogenesis, whereas a low-zinc diet had the opposite effect. Once initial cellular changes had been induced the supplementary zinc seemed to accelerate their further advancement. Zinc-deficiency in animals fed a copper/zinc low-zinc diet was reflected in the plasma and liver zinc levels as well as in the copper/zinc ratio. The development of cancer was accompanied by a decrease in plasma zinc and an increase in the plasma copper/zinc ratio as well as in the liver zinc. These changes were most remarkable in the zinc-supplemented group.

4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide↗
PubMed1979

Effect of oral zinc intake on delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase in red blood cells.

Earlier results regarding the in vitro and in vivo effects of zinc on delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity in red blood cells were confirmed in healthy human subjects after oral intake of zinc for 12 weeks. In one group of seven healthy adults, oral intake of zinc for 12 weeks. In one group of seven healthy adults, oral intake of zinc, as the sulphate salt (2.07 mmol zinc/day) for 6 weeks, resulted in a 44% increase in the activity of ALAD in erythrocytes. Plasma zinc levels also increased during the experimental period and reached a maximum of 29 mumol after 6 weeks and remained constant thereafter. In another group, the intake of zinc in a lower dose, (0.69 mmol zinc/day) for 12 weeks, showed a similar tendency, although the increase in the enzyme activity, as well as the plasma zinc levels, was relatively much less. The plasma copper levels decreased significantly in the second group after the zinc intake and reached a low value of 11 mumol at the end of the experimental period. The Cu:Zn ratio also decreased considerably towore valuable indicator of zinc status than plasma zinc levels alone.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1978

Zinc and copper concentrations in serum, blood and liver in moderate experimental pancreatic insufficiency.

Serum and liver concentrations of zinc and copper were studied in the rat after ligation of the pancreatic duct. Ligation of the bile duct was done close to the duodenum and high up in the hilum of the liver. The bile flow was by-passed into the intestine via a plastic catheter. The surgical method used was found suitable for a study of moderate exocrine pancreatic insufficiency since significant--although markedly reduced--concentrations of amylase and trypsin were estimated in intestinal contents at sacrifice 19 weeks after the operation. The serum zinc level was unaffected by duct ligation except for a slight decrease after 2 weeks. Similarly zinc in whole blood was unaffected. The copper concentration in serum was, however, significantly enhanced during in first 10 weeks. The copper zinc ration was markedly increased in duct ligated rats during the whole period. Zinc and copper concentrations in liver tissue were significantly decreased after 19 weeks. The findings suggest that a decrease function of exocrine pancreas might induce a disturbed balance of zinc and copper in the rat.

Amylases↗
PubMed1978

Effect of phenylhydrazine on delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in red blood cells.

Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity was measured in the blood of rats poisoned by successive injections of phenylhydrazine (1 ml, 35 mmol). After 5 days of successive injections, more than 90% of the circulating blood cells consisted of reticulocytes and the enzyme activity also increased successively and reached a maximum corresponding to the number of reticulocytes. Thus delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity measured in the peripheral blood is mainly due to the percentage of circulating reticulocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Effect of age and diet on delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in red blood cells.

ALA-D activity measured in the red blood cells of different species show considerable variations. Among the adult animals, rabbits have the highest activity and dogs, the lowest. It is a zinc-dependent enzyme and its activity is related to the age of the animals as well as the availability of zinc in the diet during the early growth period. Rats at partus have the highest ALA-D activity ever registered in any animal species and it decreases drastically during the early growth period. The red blood cells of newborn human babies have 50% higher ALA-D activity than that of adult man. When rats during their early growth period are fed on a diet containing 0.08 mmol zinc, there was a reduction in the enzyme activity whereas adult rats fed on diets containing higher and lower amounts of zinc did not show any change.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Relation between zinc content in saliva and blood in healthy human adults.

Measurements were made of zinc levels in saliva, whole blood and plasma as well as copper levels in plasma by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The mean zinc concentration (in ppm) was 0.478 (n = 136) in resting mixed saliva, 0.046 (n = 36) in parotid saliva, 6.41 (n = 145) in whole blood and 0.87 (n = 145) in plasma. The whole blood zinc levels were significantly lower in females than in males (P less than 0.001). Females and blood donors (males) had a significantly (P less than 0.001) higher Cu:Zn ratio than males (non-donors). It would thus appear, first, that the local effect of salivary zinc cannot be assessed simply from the concentration of zinc in stimulated parotid saliva since about nine-tenths of the zinc in resting mixed saliva is derived from other sources and, second, that the Cu:Zn in plasma is the most eligible variable for detecting sub-clinical Zn deficiency.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Uptake and localization of mercury in the brain of rats after prolonged oral feeding with mercuric chloride.

Uptake and localization of mercury was studied in rats orally intoxicated with inorganic mercury. By atomic absorption spectrophotometry large quantitative differences were found between test and control animals, particularly relating to blood, kidney and brain. By histochemical demonstration of heavy metals the uptake in the CNS was shown to occur particularly within the cytoplasm of large neurons in the cortex, pons and basal ganglia but also in other neurons, to some extent in the choroid plexus and the vessel walls, and least in the white matter. No lesions were detectable by light microscopy. The mercury was mostly in the methylated form, something that may be explained by gastrointestinal methylation by bacteria. A similar mechanism can be expected in human chronic inorganic mercury poisoning.

Administration, Oral↗