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Biomedical subjects

M A Waugh

Publications and source records attributed to M A Waugh.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Epidemiology of syphilis in Bulgaria, 1990-1998.

There have been great political, social and economic changes in Bulgaria since 1990 with higher incidences of syphilis when compared with the previously controlled morbidity of syphilis. There has been a 7-fold increase in 1998 compared with 1990. The male/female ratio remained the same 1.2:1. A higher number of cases was reported in cities than in villages and small towns, 80.68% in 1990; 73.4% in 1998. The number of employed patients with syphilis has decreased during the years--from 75.5% in 1990 to 44% in 1998, with a corresponding increase in syphilis in the unemployed. The age group at highest risk is 20-24 years, 28.7% in 1991; 24% in 1998. The least affected group are those older than 55--the incidence being 6.34% in 1990; 2.6% in 1997 and 4% in 1998. The prevalence of the different stages of early infection remained the same. The incidence of congenital syphilis increased from 1 in 1990 and 1991 to 21 in 1996, 29 in 1997 and 35 in 1998.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Syphilis in Slovenia--on the threshold of the European Union.

The epidemiological situation of early syphilis (ES) in Slovenia is the subject matter of this report. After almost 25 years of decrease in Slovenia, ES is increasing again. The incidence of ES increased from 0.10 per 100,000 inhabitants in 1992 and 1993 to 1.82 in 1994 and 1.90 in 1995. In the years 1996-1998 there was a slight decrease at 1.25-1.45. The higher incidence of infections with ES is presumably the consequence of changed social conditions in the states of the former Eastern bloc and Yugoslavia, and of changing living conditions, and illegal prostitution in Slovenia. AIDS and HIV in Slovenia is still at an early stage and there is no apparent link into the same social groups as syphilis. The current epidemiological situation of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Slovenia and the conditions existing to the south and east of Slovenia warrant strict surveillance of STIs by the medical services.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

Task force for the urgent response to the epidemics of sexually transmitted diseases in eastern Europe and central Asia.

In summary, members of the TF/STD: share the common goal of reducing the STD burden and slowing the spread of HIV in the most affected and vulnerable countries in eastern Europe and central Asia contribute financially, technically, or in kind to the implementation of a joint strategy which aims: to create an enabling environment for STD prevention and control, and to strengthen the local capacity for STD prevention and care engage in a continuous exchange of information, collaborative partnerships, and coordination of activities at regional as well as country level through the TF/STD and in-country interagency working groups, respectively concur with the priority areas for international support consisting of advocacy and policy, STD drugs, condoms, educational materials, training, applied research, and surveillance meet twice a year to review implementation progress and the need for additional assistance as advocates of TF/STD, call on partners and other organisations to join in this important new initiative.

Asia, Central↗
PubMed1999

Task force for the urgent response to the epidemics of sexually transmitted diseases in eastern Europe and central Asia.

In summary, members of the TF/STD: share the common goal of reducing the STD burden and slowing the spread of HIV in the most affected and vulnerable countries in eastern Europe and central Asia. Contribute financially, technically or in-kind to the implementation of a joint strategy which aims: -- to create an enabling environment for STD prevention and control, and -- to strengthen the local capacity for STD prevention and care; engage in a continuous exchange of information, collaborative partnerships and coordination of activities at regional as well as country level through the TF/STD and in-country interagency working groups, respectively; concur with the priority areas for international support consisting of advocacy and policy, STD drugs, condoms, educational materials, training, applied research and surveillance; meet twice a year to review implementation progress and the need for additional assistance; as advocates of TF/STD, call on partners and other organizations to join in this important new initiative.

Asia↗
PubMed1999

Epidemiology of syphilis and gonorrhoea in eastern Poland in the years 1988-1997.

Because of the sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) epidemic in the former Soviet Union and the possibility of a rise in early syphilis and gonorrhoea in the eastern region of Poland it seemed important to calculate the incidence rates for early syphilis and gonorrhoea for 3 border regions (east, west and south) and the central part of the country in the last 10 years. In addition, data were analysed on patients and their sexual partners (from Poland and abroad), and the country where the contact took place obtained from 14 Provincial Skin-VD Out-Patients' Clinics of eastern Poland. The results from 1988/89 and 1996/97 were compared. It was shown that early syphilis morbidity significantly decreased in western and southern Poland, fell in the central part and rose in the east slightly. Gonorrhoea morbidity significantly decreased in all regions. However, the number of provinces with early syphilis and gonorrhoea incidence rates in the 1990s of the same value or higher than in the 1980s, or of the whole of Poland clearly increased in eastern and central regions. The early syphilis and gonorrhoea morbidity in east Poland in the 1990s in relation to 1980s was marked by significant increase in the percentage of the foreigners treated (12.2 vs 1.8, P<0.001 for early syphilis, and 10.0 vs 2.3, P<0.001 for gonorrhoea) and in sexual contacts with foreigners reported by Polish patients (23.7 vs 0.8, P<0.01 for early syphilis and 17.7 vs 4.3, P<0.01 for gonorrhoea). Of the foreign contacts reported in 1996/97 by early syphilis and gonorrhoea patients, 60.4% and 82.2%, respectively, were casual. Contact with foreigners took place, mainly, in the former Soviet Union. The study illustrates that there may be a danger of an increase in the incidence of syphilis and gonorrhoea in Poland due to the epidemics in the neighbouring countries.

Emigration and Immigration↗
PubMed1998

Sexually transmitted diseases. Management and prevention strategies around the world.

Since 1982, the advance of HIV/AIDS infection has radically altered the management of STDs around the world. Prevention, especially in developing countries is paramount. A scientific basis for treatment coupled with epidemiology and case management is required. Discussion to the merits of different forms of treatment, classical clinical, etiological and syndromic management, and their evaluation, is described.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1998

Balanitis.

Balanitis, inflammation of the glans penis, is a frequently presenting genital disorder. It may be infectious and sexually transmissible, or commonly represents a noninfectious dermatologic condition. Accurate diagnosis is essential for management.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Molluscum contagiosum.

In this article, the natural history of molluscum contagiosum is described by various authorities covering the last 200 years. Molluscum contagiosum may present a therapeutic challenge, but clinical methods of treatment are described. Molluscum contagiosum should alert the clinician to the possibility of HIV infection. The differential diagnosis in HIV infection is discussed.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1996

Azithromycin in gonorrhoea.

The clinical applications of azithromycin in gonorrhoea, often complicated by simultaneously acquired infection with Chlamydia trachomatis, are reviewed in this paper. Clinical trails from major centres in Europe are compared with a large, more recent US study. At the present time, azithromycin is recommended throughout the world as a useful antibiotic in treatment of gonorrhoea. It has several advantages in that it can be given as single-dose therapy, it can be given where the causative pathogen of urethritis/cervicitis is uncertain, and it is often, therefore, most useful in acute therapy where there is no immediate microbiological back-up. All these considerations are reviewed in detail.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1993

Open study of the safety and efficacy of a single oral dose of azithromycin for the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhoea in men and women.

An open, non-comparative study was undertaken to assess the safety and efficacy of a single 1 g oral dose of azithromycin in patients with uncomplicated gonorrhoea. One hundred and eighteen patients (105 male, 13 female) took part in the study. Only patients culture-positive for Neisseria gonorrhoeae were evaluated. The majority of male patients (84) had urethral gonorrhoea, but four had rectal and two pharyngeal infections. Four patients had positive cultures at more than one site (two urethral and rectal; two urethral and pharyngeal). All nine female patients had infection of the cervix only. Bacteriological eradication of N. gonorrhoeae was achieved in 76/82 (93%) patients with positive urethral cultures, 9/9 with positive cervical, 4/4 with positive rectal, and 2/2 with positive pharyngeal cultures. Twenty-two patients (18 males, four females) had concomitant chlamydial infection. Chlamydia trachomatis was eradicated in all patients who returned for follow-up assessment and in whom culture was done. Azithromycin was very well tolerated, with only two patients reporting mild-to-moderate side-effects. This study shows that single-dose azithromycin is effective in uncomplicated gonorrhoea and in mixed gonococcal and chlamydial infections.

Administration, Oral↗