Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M A Walsh

Publications and source records attributed to M A Walsh.

63 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Exercise training in healthy type A middle-aged men: effects on behavioral and cardiovascular responses.

Thirty-six healthy Type A men (means = 44.4 years) were randomly assigned to either an aerobic exercise training group or a strength and flexibility training group. Subjects completed a comprehensive psychological assessment battery before and after the exercise programs consisting of behavioral, psychometric, and psychophysiological testing. The behavioral assessment consisted of repeated Type A interviews that were videotaped for subsequent component analyses. The psychometric testing included two self-report questionnaires to assess Type A behavior. The psychophysiological test consisted of a standard behavioral challenge, a mental arithmetic task, performed while cardiovascular responses were monitored. Aerobic exercise (AE) training consisted of 12 weeks of continuous walking or jogging at an intensity of at least 70% of subjects' initial maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) as determined by an initial treadmill test. Strength and flexibility (SF) training consisted of 12 weeks of circuit Nautilus training with no aerobic exercise. After 12 weeks of exercise, the AE group increased their VO2max by 15%, while the SF group did not change. Both groups experienced decreases in overt behavioral manifestations of the Type A behavior pattern and self-reported Type A traits. However, the AE group showed an attenuation of heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and estimated myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) during the task and had lower blood pressure, heart rate, and (MVO2) during recovery. In contrast, the SF group showed a significant reduction only in DBP during the task, which was likely due to habituation. These results support the use of aerobic exercise as a method for reducing cardiovascular risk among healthy Type A men.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sinogenic brain abscess.

The otolaryngological contribution to the combined treatment of intracranial suppuration secondary to sinusitis can vary from observation to external approach sinus exploration. Limited surgical intervention using the endoscopic approach, in conjunction with neurosurgical drainage, has recently been adopted at our department as the initial therapeutic strategy in the management of such cases. A retrospective analysis of the otolaryngological input into the treatment of 16 patients with sinogenic brain abscess at the Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland is presented. This study reveals that it is generally a disease of young adult males without an antecedent history of sinus disease and that Strep. Milleri is the most common causative organism. It is demonstrated that there is a lack of a consistent approach to the management in the acute phase and that there is an inadequate initial radiologic evaluation of the paranasal sinuses. There are two forms of presentation: 1) an ENT complaint with development of an abscess, and 2) an idiopathic abscess with subsequent identification of a paranasal sinus infective source. Extensive initial intervention seems to be associated with an increased incidence of revision surgery, thus suggesting that a limited endoscopic approach combined with neurosurgical drainage is the optimal course in the first-line management of sinogenic abscess.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The changing face of lateral sinus thrombosis.

Lateral sinus thrombosis is a life threatening complication of middle ear disease, the presentation, diagnosis and management of which has seen many changes in recent times. While the introduction of antibiotics has been associated with a reduction in the incidence and associated morbidity/mortality of this complication, their use has also altered the clinical features of presentation, consequently diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion. Radiological advances, in particular magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance venography, have improved our ability to diagnose this complication pre-operatively, and now are the diagnostic investigations of choice. Intraoperative sigmoid sinus exploration and removal of all necrotic clot are essential steps of surgical management together with appropriate antimicrobial treatment, however the role of anticoagulation therapy remains controversial. We present four recent cases of sigmoid sinus thrombosis and discuss the clinical presentation, investigation and management of this disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The metabolism of avermectins B1a, H2B1a, and H2B1b by liver microsomes.

The avermectins area a new class of structurally related antiparasitic agents isolated from Streptomyces avermitilis. The major polar metabolites isolated from in vitro incubations of [3H]avermectins B1a, H2B1a, and H2B1b with either rat or steer liver microsomes have been isolated and identified as the C24-methyl alcohols of the parent compounds. A smaller quantity of a more polar metabolite has also been identified as the monosaccharide of the C24-methyl alcohols of avermectin H2H1b from rat liver microsomal incubation and avermectin H2B1a from steer liver microsomal incubation. The mass spectra and 300-MHz 1H-NMR spectra permitted assignment of structures to these metabolites. Together these two metabolites represent 50-80% of the total radioactivity more polar than the parent compounds. The metabolite profiles on reverse-phase HPLC demonstrate that the rat and steer are qualitatively similar in the production of these two polar metabolites.

Animals↗