Interaction between staphylococcal protein A and human immunoglobulin M takes place through the F(ab')2 gamma-receptor on the protein A molecule.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M A Vidal.
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Human immunoglobulin M binds to protein A-bearing Staphylococcus aureus. This binding is specific for protein A since it is inhibited by rabbit Fab against Staphylococcal protein A. Analysis of the IgM binding data gives an apparent KD of 0.94 nM and a maximum capacity of approximately 2 X 10(3) binding sites of IgM per bacteria.
A method is described for preparing IgM from normal serum in two chromatographic steps. A gel filtration column gives a macroglobulin peak containing the IgM, purified by affinity chromatography on protein A--Sepharose. Immunoglobulin recovery is around 50%.
The IgG fraction obtained from pooled human plasma by eluting a protein A column with a buffer at pH 2.5 was contaminated with approximately 30% of the IgM originally present in the sample. Both the IgM and the IgA contamination can be reduced and the IgG recovery maintained at 90% of the bound IgG when elution of the column is performed at pH 4.0
High-affinity, Na+-independent binding of beta-alanine to a synaptosomal fraction of rat brain was potently inhibited by glycine and by some other alpha-amino acids, but not by taurine or GABA. This binding mechanism, which was also sensitive to both bicuculline and strychnine, might involve synaptic receptors for both beta-alanine and glycine.
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The osmium tetroxide-zinc iodide technique has been applied to the study of the tela submucosa and tunica muscularis in the esophagus of the cat and the rhesus monkey. Other than the classical terminal vegetative formation, three types of endings were found, classified as perifascicular, free and intramuscular. The comparative results between cat and rhesus monkey show differences in the distribution and number of such endings. A sensory functional significance is proposed and discussed.
The intraganglionic laminar endings in the esophagus of the cat and the rhesus monkey show absolute equivalence between the results in both species from the morphological standpoint. The different types of apparatus found are described, with their location in the esophagus and their percentage distribution in relation to the different portions of its wall. The osmium tetroxide-zinc iodide technique gives pictures equivalent to those using silver impregnations, with the added advantage that the former brings out the morphological details more clearly, to the point of showing up the peculiar characteristics of the edges with their thorn-like protrusions. The complete independence of these structures within the ganglion is confirmed, and evidence is provided for rejecting the possibility that they might be dendritic prolongations of the neuronal elements composing the intramural ganglia. A possible afferent function is proposed, which, however, must be considered an open question, pending the results of further experimental investigation.
Intraepithelial fibers do occur in the mucosa of the esophagus, as demonstrated by the osmium tetroxide-zinc iodide method in cats and rhesus monkeys. The esophagus is divided into three parts, in order to study the penetration incidence, and the uppermost and the lowest show the greatest density of penetration, while in the middle portion only occasional fibers in small numbers are found. The specific characteristics observed in this type of fiber, such as their distribution along the wall of the esophagus, the levels reached by their endings within the mucous epithelium itself and this same epithelium considered as the specified destination of the endings, lead to the belief that they may be functionally regarded as structures of a sensory character.
The comparative study of neuron distribution in the myenteric and submucous plexuses has granted an appraisal of the various neuron types in the oesophagus ganglia of cat and rhesus monkey. Neurons are classified in Dogiel types I and II, plus an intermediate one, the so-called "type III". From the functional point of view, the hypothesis is established that these types are, respectively: efferent, afferent and associative. A confirmation of this hypothesis requires the endorsement of the results of degeneration experiments and their integration with the roles of the rest of the structures which participate in the oesophagus innervation as a whole.
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