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Biomedical subjects

M A Stewart

Publications and source records attributed to M A Stewart.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Subgrouping conduct disorder by psychiatric family history.

The family history of psychiatric disorders, and clinical and demographic characteristics of boys with pervasive aggressive conduct disorder (PACD) were compared to those of boys with situational aggressive conduct disorder and controls. Boys with PACD came from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, had an earlier age of onset, and higher rates of hyperactivity and inattention than boys in the other two groups. Their mothers abused drugs more often than those of boys in the other two groups, while their fathers had more frequent antisocial behavior. Alcohol abuse was more prevalent among fathers of both conduct disorder groups, compared to the fathers of controls.

Aggression↗
PubMed1989

Ethical decision making by British general practitioners.

General practitioners in England and Wales were sent a questionnaire asking how they would handle the ethical problems posed by six case vignettes and their reasons for their decisions. The ethical problems included: how much information to divulge to patients, how extensively a physician should become involved in the lifestyles of patients and how to deal with a possible family problem. The varying patterns of response to the six cases suggested that ethical issues are resolved in a case-by-case, not a theoretical, basis.

Beneficence↗
PubMed1988

The effect of psychosocial factors on lung cancer mortality at one year.

In this study newly diagnosed male and female lung cancer patients admitted to two Ontario Cancer Foundation treatment clinics were interviewed. Information was obtained on demographic variables, presence of other chronic illness and the following psychosocial attributes: locus of control, social support and personality traits. From the clinic charts, information on stage of disease and pathological diagnosis was obtained. After controlling for the effects of stage and pathological diagnosis, the following psychological variables were found to increase the odds of death from lung cancer among males and females combined at one year after diagnosis: a high need for one aspect of social support, a reserved personality and the extremes of the personality trait soberness vs enthusiasm.

Female↗
PubMed1987

Ethical decision making by Canadian family physicians.

Canadian family physicians were sent questionnaires that asked how they would handle the ethical problems posed by six sample cases and what reasons were relevant to their decisions. The ethical problems concerned how much information to divulge to patients, how extensively a physician should become involved in the lifestyles of patients and how to deal with a possible family problem. The study identified characteristics of family physicians that affect their ethical decision making and tested a theoretical model that regards ethical problems as conflicts between respecting patient autonomy and promoting patient welfare. The varied responses suggested that ethical issues are resolved on a case-by-case, rather than a theoretical, basis. Certification in family medicine was the only characteristic associated with a consistent pattern of responses; certificants were more likely than other physicians to involve patients in decisions.

Canada↗
PubMed1987

The effect of socioeconomic factors on the early prognosis of cancer.

Previous studies have suggested that cancer patients of low socioeconomic status (SES) have poorer short and long-term survival than cancer patients of higher SES. In this study male and female patients between the ages of 25 and 70, admitted to two Ontario Cancer Treatment and Research Foundation Clinics with newly diagnosed cancers of a number of common sites, were interviewed to obtain information on education and occupation, and chronic illnesses other than cancer. Information on stage of disease at diagnosis, exact pathologic diagnosis, date of diagnosis, and treatment before and after admission to the clinic was obtained from clinic charts. Using multiple logistic regression analysis to control for the effect of stage and other variables, there was no convincing evidence that cancer patients of low SES measured by either education or occupation had a less favourable outcome at one year after diagnosis from cancers of all sites combined or lung cancer specifically. The data suggested that any single measure of SES affects males and females differently.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Conservation of the c-myc coding sequence in transduced feline v-myc genes.

We have cloned the normal feline c-myc locus and determined the nucleotide sequence of all three exons. The feline c-myc gene shows close homology to other mammalian c-myc genes, particularly human c-myc. The feline and human sequences are colinear within the open reading frame for the putative c-myc product but show insertions and deletions relative to each other outside this domain. We have also analyzed a cloned FeLV provirus, CT4, which contains the host-derived myc gene. In this provirus the v-myc sequences are located at the 3' end of the pol gene, replacing pol and env sequences. Nucleotide sequence analysis of CT4 shows an open reading frame for a v-myc gene product which may be expressed without fusion to any viral protein sequences. This contrasts with another FeLV v-myc (LC), in which myc and gag sequences were found to be fused. Unlike previously identified avian v-myc genes, the feline v-myc genes contain exon 1-derived sequences, but these have been truncated or internally deleted. The FeLV CT4 v-myc sequence shows very few coding changes relative to c-myc and the FeLV LC v-myc coding sequence is unchanged relative to c-myc apart from fusion to gag. These results are discussed in relation to the mechanism of transduction and activation of myc by FeLV.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

The patient-centred clinical method. 1. A model for the doctor-patient interaction in family medicine.

This article describes a patient-centred clinical method appropriate for family medicine. The method is designed to attain an understanding of the patient as well as his disease. This two-fold task is described in terms of two agendas: the physician's and the patient's. The key to an understanding of the patient's agenda is the physician's receptivity to cues offered by the patient, and behaviour which encourages him to express his expectations, feelings and fears. The physician's agenda is the explanation of the patient's illness in terms of a taxonomy of disease. In the patient-centred clinical method, both agendas are addressed by the physician and any conflict between them dealt with by negotiation. This is contrasted with the disease-centred method in which only the doctor's agenda is addressed. Further articles will describe the patient-centred method in operational terms.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Factors which predict the persistence of aggressive conduct disorder.

Fifty-three boys with aggressive conduct disorder were followed up 2 years after their original examination. Twenty-four (45%) no longer had the disorder and were classified as improved. A discriminant function analysis identified characteristics of the boys and their families which accurately predicted the outcome for 85% of the boys. Among the predictors of persisting conduct disorder were a variety of antisocial or aggressive symptoms, firesetting, early age of onset and family deviance.

Accident Proneness↗
PubMed1986

Nucleotide sequences of a feline leukemia virus subgroup A envelope gene and long terminal repeat and evidence for the recombinational origin of subgroup B viruses.

Molecular clones of the subgroup A feline leukemia virus FeLV-A/Glasgow-1 have been obtained. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the 3' end of the proviral genome and comparison with the published sequence of FeLV-B/Gardner-Arnstein showed that the most extensive differences are located within the 5' domain of the env gene. Within this domain, several divergent regions of env are separated by more conserved segments. The 3' end of env is highly conserved, with only a single amino acid coding difference in p15env. The proviral long terminal repeats are also highly conserved, differing by only eight base substitutions and one base insertion. Specific probes constructed from the FeLV-A or FeLV-B env genes were used to compare the env genes of various exogenous FeLV isolates and the endogenous FeLV-related proviruses of normal cat DNA. An FeLV-A-derived env probe showed no hybridization to normal cat DNA but detected all FeLV-A and FeLV-C isolates tested. In contrast, an FeLV-B env probe detected independent FeLV-B isolates and a family of endogenous FeLV-related proviruses. Our observations provide strong evidence to support the hypothesis that FeLV-B viruses have arisen by recombination between FeLV-A and endogenous proviral elements in cat DNA.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1986

Patients' attitudes to the relevance of nonmedical problems in family medicine care.

A questionnaire was designed to document middle-aged patients' attitudes toward their family physicians' approach to their problems of daily living. Middle-aged patients were studied because they face numerous adaptational challenges and receive substantial medical care. Almost 90 percent of 116 patients interviewed indicated that they wanted to be asked about nonmedical problems as measured by life events, with this preference being more common among those under 55 years of age. Physicians expressed comfort in inquiring about life events; however, the patients reported that they were asked about such issues rarely or only occasionally. Although over two thirds of patients felt their physicians were sufficiently aware of their life events, those who recalled frequent questions by their physician were most likely to feel their physician was sufficiently aware. Implications of these findings on the physician-patient relationship are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Factors influencing doctors' awareness of the life problems of middle-aged patients.

Because individuals who deal effectively with life events may be healthier, doctors may need to be aware of the important events in their patients' lives. This study was designed to document the actual level of awareness that 20 community family practitioners had of their middle-aged patients' life events. A total of 116 patients completed a life events questionnaire when they visited their family doctors. The physicians completed a similar questionnaire for each patient. A comparison between the patients' and physicians' responses provided the measure of doctors' awareness. Doctors were found to be aware of approximately 25% of all patients' life events. Awareness was inversely associated with patients' self-reliance and directly associated with age of patients and with those events having a negative effect. The observed level of knowledge may be unacceptably low, in which case physicians must find ways to improve their knowledge. Alternatively, this level of knowledge may be realistic, given that some patients may not need to discuss their life events, particularly self-reliant patients or patients experiencing events that did not affect them negatively. If this is the case, family physicians need to find ways of determining the patients and events for which their knowledge would be helpful.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Diagnostic criteria for aggressive conduct disorder.

The purpose was to develop operational criteria for the diagnosis of aggressive conduct disorder. The necessary symptoms were found in discriminant analyses of data from a series of boy patients. A formula based on 8 key symptoms succeeded in accurately diagnosing a series of girl patients.

Adolescent↗