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Biomedical subjects

M A Stenchever

Publications and source records attributed to M A Stenchever.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Relationship of hamster ovum sperm penetration assay to seminal fluid analyses in the evaluation of infertile couples.

The males of 279 infertile couples were evaluated with hamster ovum sperm penetration assay (SPA) and seminal fluid analysis. The mean SPA score for the total population was 23.0% penetration with a range of 0-97%. Twenty five percent of the patients demonstrated scores within the abnormal range (0-10%), and 15% were in the "equivocal" range (11-14%). Comparing each individual with the total population using linear regression analysis, it was noted that sperm concentration, percent motility, and percent oval forms varied directly with the SPA, and the slopes of the relationships are positive and statistically significant (p less than 0.0001, 0.002, and 0.0001, respectively). The relationship between SPA and volume is not statistically significant (p greater than or equal to 0.354). To determine whether the SPA could be utilized to establish appropriate normal parameters for various components of SFA, these were analyzed in 169 men who had SPAs of greater than or equal to 15%. Although most SFA values fell within the normal range for this group, there were several exceptions, particularly with respect to percent motility and the presence of leukocytes in the semen. Comparing the percentage of males with abnormal SPA in groups of couples with or without a demonstrable abnormality affecting fertility in the wife, no statistically significant differences could be found. The value of the SPA and SFA in investigating males of infertile couples is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Genetic amniocentesis: significance of intraamniotic bleeding and placental location.

Simultaneous ultrasound was used to determine if there was a correlation between visualized intraamniotic bleeding, placental location, and fetal-maternal hemorrhage. It was hoped to then determine which Rh-negative patients should receive Rh immunoglobulin. Visualized intraamniotic bleeding showed no correlation to fetal-maternal hemorrhage. Intraamniotic bleeding was commonly associated with needle insertion through an anterior placenta, but also occurred regardless of placental location and in the absence of placental needle traversal. No correlation was found between placental location and fetal-maternal hemorrhage as evidenced by evaluation of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein. The Kleihauer test was not as sensitive as alpha-fetoprotein.

Amniocentesis↗
PubMed1985

Longitudinal analysis of a multisite clerkship.

Monitoring the quality of well-established multisite clerkships can be aided by the use of trend analysis and graphic-oriented presentations. Five years of data on student performance, experience, and perceptions are reported for an obstetrics and gynecology clerkship offered at eight geographically dispersed sites. Of the five measures of student performance, two (final written and oral examinations) showed major changes. Trends also appeared in student participation in deliveries and student ratings of teaching over time. The results of these analyses were communicated to faculty at each site and used to make improvements in the clerkship. The implications and use of these longitudinal evaluation procedures are discussed.

Clinical Clerkship↗
PubMed1984

Ultrastructural sperm tail defects associated with sperm immotility.

Four individuals with a complaint of infertility were evaluated after a semen analysis had demonstrated no motility. The semen analyses were otherwise normal, with the exception of a low count in one subject. All had normal percentages of living sperm. One of the individuals had chronic respiratory disease, and two others had a previous history of genitourinary infection and/or testicular injury. Three subjects possessed antisperm antibodies. Electron microscopy revealed a multiplicity of sperm tail structural defects seen in all specimens. Some of these data support the concept of acquired immotile sperm syndrome(s) with ultrastructural defects, as contrasted with the usual congenital forms of the immotile-cilia syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Genital tract examinations and zona-free hamster egg penetration tests from men exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol.

Because most men with prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) are still young and have not attempted to father children, its reproductive effects are uncertain. In a previous pilot study, we had noted an association between in utero DES exposure and reduced penetration of zona-free hamster eggs by sperm. To test these findings in a controlled manner, we performed physical examinations on 51 men with in utero DES exposure and 29 unexposed men and evaluated the penetration of zona-free hamster eggs by their sperm. Epididymal cysts or abnormalities of the prostate, testicle, or penile meatus were present in 37% of men with in utero DES exposure, versus 4% of nonexposed men (P less than 0.001). The mean proportions of penetrated eggs were 25% after in utero DES exposure and 29% in the nonexposed group (P greater than 0.57). The genital abnormalities related to DES exposure were not related to reduced egg penetration. We conclude that in utero exposure to DES is not related to a significant change in the penetration of zona-free hamster eggs by sperm.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1984

Using personality style preferences to enhance teaching in obstetrics and gynecology.

Using personality style preferences as the basis for faculty development workshops, physician educators in several departments of obstetrics and gynecology learned how to use these differences to enhance clinical teaching. Data from five workshops are analyzed to determine the predominant personality styles of 184 department chairmen, faculty, and residents in obstetrics and gynecology. Chairmen had a stronger preference for taking charge than faculty or residents. As a whole, all preferred use of logic and action in pursuit of excellence. These findings are discussed in relation to student ratings of faculty clinical teaching and to faculty development.

Faculty, Medical↗
PubMed1983

Selection of human spermatozoa according to their relative motility and their interaction with zona-free hamster eggs.

Human spermatozoa were separated according to their motility by centrifuging semen on discontinuous Percoll gradients. Fractions of the gradients were examined for sperm motility, velocity, viability, morphology, bacteria, and sperm function using the hamster ova sperm penetration assay. The percentage of motile sperm increased from 40% to 60% motile sperm in 60% Percoll to 90% to 100% Percoll. Sperm velocity increased proportionately. Staining showed that greater than 90% of sperm in the 100% Percoll were alive and had normal morphology, and that only sperm cells were found in Percoll concentrations greater than 80%. Sperm isolated in the 80% to 100% Percoll fractions penetrated hamster ova much more frequently than sperm found in the 60% to 70% fractions or than sperm that had not been separated on a Percoll gradient.

Cell Separation↗
PubMed1982

Benefits of the sperm (hamster ova) penetration assay in the evaluation of the infertile couple.

The males of 310 infertile couples and 30 control couples (current pregnancy) were evaluated with the sperm (hamster ova) penetration assay (SPA) and seminal fluid analysis (SFA). The SPA was found to have a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 97% compared to 41% and 90%, respectively, for the SFA. The highest degree of concordance of the two tests existed when both tests were abnormal and no female factor was identified. The poorest concordance occurred when the SFA was normal and no female infertility factor was identified. In almost all cases of unexplained infertility where no female infertility factor was present, the problem could be assigned to the man, as evidenced by an abnormal SPA. The SFA seemed to have some predictive value with respect to the outcome following treatment of the man.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Severe preeclampsia - maternal and fetal outcome.

Ninety patients with severe preeclampsia were reviewed. There was one maternal mortality and two patients who developed pulmonary edema. The corrected perinatal mortality rate was 143/100. Epidural anesthesia did not adversely affect fetal outcome. Perinatal morbidity and mortality was mainly related to the development of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Twenty-three neonates developed respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). RDS was strongly associated (P less than .001) with gestational age. RDS was not associated with mode of delivery, sex and perinatal asphyxia.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1981

Possible relationship between in utero diethylstilbestrol exposure and male fertility.

Seventeen men who were exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol (DES), 12 non-DES-exposed volunteers, and 11 fertile control subjects were evaluated by physical examination, seminal fluid analysis, and sperm penetration assay (SPA). Fourteen of the 17 male subjects exposed to DES in utero and two of the 12 non-DES-exposed volunteers had SPAs of less than 14% and qualified as infertile by the criteria of this test. All 11 fertile control subjects had demonstrated SPA values in the fertile range. Thirteen of the 17 DES-exposed male subjects, four of the 12 non-DES-exposed volunteers, and four of the 11 fertile control subjects demonstrated at least one abnormality of the reproductive organs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The effect of diazepam on rates of fertilization in the CF-1 mouse.

Diazepam in a dose of 0.75, 1.25, or 2.5 mg was force-fed to mice during 3 days of oocyte maturation and superovulation induced with pregnant mare's serum and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Twenty-two hours after hCG was administered, rates of fertilization were determined in squash preparations. Increasing doses of diazepam were associated with increasing numbers of degenerated eggs and decreasing rates of fertilization when compared to results in control animals. Chromosome preparations of ova from treated animals confirmed the chromatin degeneracy an failed to document an arrest of maturation of the ova. Correlative serum levels of diazepam and desmethyldiazepam were measured in blood obtained 2 hours after the indicated dose.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Evaluation of student performance in a multi-site clinical clerkship.

A method for examining the equivalency of student performance in multi-site clinical clerkships is presented. Six student performance variables within the clerkship are explored: pretest, posttest, oral examination, presentation of a subject review, general clinical performance, and patient write-ups. Student achievement on two external examinations (a University of Washington School of Medicine third-year comprehensive examination and the Part II examination of the National Board of Medical Examiners) is reviewed and compared. This method applied to an obstetrics and gynecology clerkship at the University of Washington reveals no significant differences in student performance among sites on the pretest, oral examination, and both external examinations, but there were differences on four internal measures (posttest, presentations, write-ups, and clinical ratings). The use of this information for clerkship improvement and faculty development is described.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1980

Impact of family practice residents on obstetrics and gynecology basic clerkship: medical students' perceptions.

Increasing numbers of family practice residents and medical students require training in obstetrics and gynecology. The effect of these residents on medical student learning in a basic obstetrics and gynecology clerkship at the University of Washington was examined. Results of a questionnaire completed by 314 medical students revealed that family practice residents had a positive although highly variable impact on student learning. Individual differences in residents and students seem to account for much of the variability. Suggestions are made for enhancing the learning experience in obstetrics and gynecology for both medical students and family practice residents.

Education, Medical, Undergraduate↗
PubMed1979

Evaluating student performance in an obstetrics and gynecology clerkship.

The development of a comprehensive evaluation system for an obstetrics and gynecology clerkship at the Unviersity of Utah is described and the results of two years experience using it are presented. Seven different measurement procedures were developed and used with 111 junior medical students including pre- and post-tests, oral examination, clinical performance ratings by residents, and ratings by faculty on oral and written presentations and participation in tutorial sessions. Learning gains as measured by pre-post test scores were significant at the 0.001 level. Only six of 37 correlations among the evaluation measures were significantly related at the 0.01 level; furthermore, little relationship could be found between measures of student achievement in cognitive as compared to clinical skill areas. The need for multiple sources of information on student performance in clerkships is discussed.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1979

A national survey of undergraduate teaching in obstetrics and gynecology.

Representatives of 114 academic departments of obstetrics and gynecology in North America completed a written questionnaire in 1977 designed to assess undergraduate educational programs. Respondents reported increases in numbers of departments and faculty per department and decreases in the length and number of students per clerkship in comparison with a 1968 survey. Small-group discussion, lecture, and professional patients were preferred instructional modalities of faculty and students. Evaluation procedures and faculty development activities are reported and discussed in relation to prior surveys of departments of obstetrics and gynecology.

Curriculum↗