[Errors and danger in laparoscopic cholecystectomy].
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Cause of Death↗
Biomedical subjects
M A Scherer
Publications and source records attributed to M A Scherer.
S. Suzuki et al.: Ultrasound diagnosis of pathology of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments of the knee joint.
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Anterior Cruciate Ligament↗
[The value of epidemiologic studies of ski injuries].
The Garmisch-Partenkirchen experience--15,513 skiing injuries between 1972 and 1990--was compared to the results of an inquiry into the skiing injuries among 565 persons of the medical profession, that were active skiers over an average of 18 years. The parameter injuries per 1000 skiing days was calculated from the outpatient clinic data as well as from all skiing injuries that had happened in the interview group and those that required surgical treatment. The mean value of 2.7 injuries/1000 skiing days--corrected for the number of patients--from the literature and the clinical data with 2.1 is comparable to the 1.8 injuries/1000 skiing days (injuries that required surgical treatment) but stands sharply against the 4.2 arising from the total number of injuries in the inquiry group.--Thus, every epidemiological study clearly underestimates the actual rate of skiing injuries. This fact may be defined as the "bypass-effect". The comparison between clinical setting and inquiry allowed for a quantification: Depending on the type of injury and the study design, a true prevalence of skiing injuries that is between 10% and 200% higher than the published data has to be expected.--Descriptive, not controlled epidemiologic studies on skiing injuries are justified and give valid trends on which therapeutic and prophylactic measures can be based--but exclusively under the following prerequisite conditions: 1. a standardized study protocol; 2. an observation.
Adult↗
[Orotracheal intubation in rats].
A detailed description of the technique of orotracheal intubation under visual control in rats is given. This method was used successfully in 190 animals, the complication rate being 3.2%. The hazards consisted of laryngospasm (1.6%) and fatal bleeding (0.5%). Intubation was proved to be a safe, reliable, simple and atraumatic way to establish a patent airway in this laboratory animal.
Animals↗
Experimental bioprosthetic reconstruction of the trachea.
We removed the tracheas from sacrificed laboratory animals and subjected this tissue to multi-step chemical processing. This method allowed us to preserve the cartilage and reduce its antigenicity, thus creating a bioprosthesis very similar to the host tissue. By using allogeneic and xenogeneic prostheses so prepared, no signs of immune rejections were seen following heterotopic or orthotopic implantations. The transplanted cartilage remained stable for periods ranging up to 21 weeks in recipient rats, while partial morphologic integrity of the cartilage was seen up to 1 year in pigs. Reepithelialization of the transplant with ciliated epithelium was completed in all specimens 12-24 weeks following surgery. Segmental replacement of up to one third of the whole trachea was possible in rats, whereas similar segmental replacements failed in pigs. We also found that successful reconstruction of window-shaped defects was possible. We consider our tracheal bioprosthesis to be superior to cialit-preserved grafts and also to most other biological reconstruction procedures.
Animals↗
Phosphorylation and nucleic acid binding properties of m1 Moloney murine sarcoma virus-specific pP60gag.
The pP60gag polyprotein of the feline leukemia virus pseudotype of m1 Moloney murine sarcoma virus [m1MSV(FeLV)] was previously shown to be MSV specific and to contain murine p30 and smaller structural polypeptides. This protein was detected in m1MSV-transformed cells, and in pulse-chase studies it was found to be stable. In this study virion P60 was shown to contain murine pp12, to be phosphorylated, and to bind to nucleic acids. 32P-labeled m1MSV[FeLV) was fractionated by guanidine agarose chromatography and analyzed by gel electrophoresis. Both P60 and pp12 were found to be the major phosphoproteins, phosphorylated in both serine and threonine residues. Virion P60 bound preferentially to single-stranded DNA and RNA in a competition filter binding assay, using 125I-labeled single-stranded calf thymus DNA and various unlabeled nucleic acids. Similar phosphorylation and DNA binding properties were demonstrated for cellular P60. Thus, immunoprecipitation of cellular extracts showed that P60 was phosphorylated in both producer and nonproducer transformed cells, indicating that phosphorylation occurs independently of virus assembly. Moreover, P60 from cytoplasmic extracts was retained on single-stranded DNA-Sepharose columns, demonstrating that cellular P60 binds to DNA.
DNA↗
[Experimental studies of the biomechanical properties of hollow nails and solid nails for interlocking intramedullary nailing in the dog].
Since locked intramedullary nailing of the tibia in dogs was followed by material failure of the conventional slotted hollow nails within days, special solid nails were developed and tested with respect to their mechanical properties. There was a clear advantage of the solid nails over the hollow nails in terms of bending resistance and yield force. In animal experiments--even in long-term experiments over nine months--no case of material failure occurred with the solid nails. The high torsional and bending resistance of the solid nails suggests the use of a mechanical device which, as our experience shows, permits reliable interlocking without the need for an image intensifier, that is to say, without radiation exposure.
Animals↗