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Biomedical subjects

M A Reynolds

Publications and source records attributed to M A Reynolds.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Clinical effects of simultaneous ultrasonic scaling and subgingival irrigation with chlorhexidine. Mediating influence of periodontal probing depth.

The clinical and microbial effects of a single episode of simultaneous ultrasonic scaling and subgingival irrigation with chlorhexidine (CHX) were studied as a function of clinical probing depth in patients with adult periodontitis. 60 patients were randomly assigned to receive subgingival irrigation under cavitation with either sterile water or 0.12% CHX delivered through the tip of an ultrasonically activated scaler as part of initial periodontal therapy in a double-blind study design. 3 periodontal sites were randomly selected for examination from each patient on the basis of clinical probing depth, with 1 site being selected within each of the following ranges: 1-3 mm, 4-6 mm, and 7-9 mm. Pretreatment and post-treatment (days 14 and 28) clinical assessments included a plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and clinical probing depth (CPD). Subgingival specimens also were collected from 1-3 mm and 4-6 mm sites on a random subset of patients (15 per group). Plaque counts of spirochetes and motile organisms were made by darkfield microscopy. Significant reductions in PI, GI, and CPD were observed among all sites within both treatment groups at 14 and 28 days post-treatment. CHX irrigation resulted in a significantly greater reduction in CPD than did water among sites initially probing 4-6 mm at both 14 and 28 days post-treatment (25% versus 13% and 31% versus 18%, respectively). Spirochete counts were modestly but nonsignificantly reduced at 14 days post-treatment among sites 4-6 mm within both treatment groups. These results suggest that subgingival irrigation with CHX during ultrasonic scaling provides differential clinical benefits that are site-dependent.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The effect of sanguinarine on human peripheral blood neutrophil viability and functions.

Human polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) viability, morphology, adherence, chemotaxis, oxidative metabolism, degranulation and phagocytosis were evaluated following treatment with sanguinarine (SANG). SANG was noncytotoxic to PMNs at all concentrations tested (0.31-200 microM). SANG entered the PMNs rapidly without altering the membrane fluidity and localized in the nuclear matrix. SANG (1.56-6.21 microM) inhibited chemotaxis, chemokinesis and adhesion in a dose-dependent manner, with a complete inhibition at 6.2 microM concentration. Concentrations of SANG up to 1.56 microM did not affect PMN oxidative burst; however, higher concentrations were found to inhibit basal as well as PMA-induced superoxide anion generation. The effect of SANG was time- and dose-dependent, and could be reversed if the PMNs were exposed to 12.5 microM or lower concentrations of SANG for less than 5 min. Autologous serum increased the tolerance of PMNs to SANG. Exogenous Ca2+ or Mg2+ did not alter the SANG-mediated inhibition of PMN functions. Treatment of PMNs with 3.12 microM or higher concentrations of SANG also resulted in inhibition of PMN degranulation and phagocytosis. The results suggest that SANG-mediated inhibition of PMN functions, without cytolysis or resultant release of inflammatory mediators, may have clinical implications.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1979

Quantitative structure-activity relationship of 5-(X-benzyl)-2,4-diaminopyrimidines inhibiting bovine liver dihydrofolate reductase.

The inhibitory effect for a set of 23 5-(X-benzyl)-2,4-diaminopyrimidines acting on bovine liver dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) had led to the following quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR): log 1/C = 0.62pi3 + 0.33epsilon sigma + 4.99, where r = 0.931 and s = 0.146. C in this expression is the molar concentration of inhibitor producing 50% inhibition, pi3 is the hydrophobic parameter for substituents on the 3 position of the phenyl moiety, and epsilon sigma is the the sum of the Hammett sigma constants for the 3, 4, and 5 substituents of the phenyl ring.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A non-nucleotide-based linking method for the preparation of psoralen-derivatized methylphosphonate oligonucleotides.

A method is reported for conjugating an analog of 4'-(aminomethyl)-4,5',8- trimethylpsoralen to methylphophonate oligonucleotides. This method enables the psoralen moiety to be coupled to the phosphonate backbone between any two desired bases in a sequence. When hybridized to a target mRNA, the psoralen moiety can be directed toward a uridine base and, in turn, can undergo a photo-addition reaction with the target under UV irradiation at 365 nm. Several different non-nucleotide-based amino-linker reagents have been prepared for incorporation into methylphosphonate oligonucleotides by standard phosphonamidite chemistry. In addition, an N-hydroxysuccinimide activated ester analog of 4'-[(3-carboxypropionamido)methyl]-4,5',8- trimethylpsoralen has been synthesized for conjugation to the amino-linker moieties. Using this approach, we have prepared a number of psoralen-methylphosphonate-oligonucleotide conjugates which are complementary to the chimeric bcr/abl mRNA associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Solution hybridization studies with a 440-base subfragment of the bcr/abl RNA have shown that the psoralen moiety does not adversely affect duplex stability. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analyses have demonstrated that the psoralen-oligonucleotide conjugates undergo photo-addition to the RNA in a sequence-specific manner. Optimal photo-addition occurs when the psoralen moiety is inserted adjacent to one or more adenine residues in the oligonucleotide sequence, particularly between adenine and thymine (5'-3'). This internal labeling approach greatly increases the number of potential target sites available for photo-cross-linking experiments.

Base Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Maternity blues and postpartum depression.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between maternity blues and postpartum depression in mothers discharged early from the hospital and those discharged after the customary length of hospital stay. DESIGN: A descriptive correlation design. SETTING: 550-bed community and teaching hospital in the midwestern United States. PARTICIPANTS: 49 privately paying, primiparous, American-born women, 18 years of age or older, with uncomplicated pregnancies and vaginal deliveries of healthy neonates weighing 2,600-4,000 g. MEASURES: Stein Maternity Blues Scale and Beck Depression Inventory were used to collect data. RESULTS: No significant differences found between the two groups of mothers; significant relationships found between maternity blues at 1 week after delivery and postpartum depression at 6 and 12 weeks after delivery. CONCLUSIONS: Early discharge appears to pose no threat to psychologic well-being. Primiparas experiencing more severe maternity blues are at increased risk for postpartum depression.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The use of psychological measures in predicting patient satisfaction with complete dentures.

This study examined the extent to which denture satisfaction could be predicted by a measure of locus of control (the degree to which individuals feel that they control their destiny) and a questionnaire (designed to assess prior experiences, perceptions, and expectations relating to dentures). Prior to treatment, 29 patients (14 males; 15 females; mean age 70 +/- 3.5 years) completed the Nowicke-Strickland Locus of Control Scale and a brief dental questionnaire. Approximately 10 days after denture placement, patients rated their degree of satisfaction. Correlational analyses were performed separately by gender, controlling for age. Locus of control scores were not significantly correlated with the degree of denture satisfaction for males or females. Responses to several questionnaire items were significantly correlated with denture satisfaction; however, different correlations emerged for males and females, suggesting that patient gender may be an important factor.

Aged↗