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Biomedical subjects

M A Reveley

Publications and source records attributed to M A Reveley.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Transmission of HIV.

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AIDS Dementia Complex↗
PubMed1995

Serotonin hypothesis of psychiatric disorders during HIV infection.

We are presenting a hypothesis which provides a neurobiological explanation for the aetiology of psychiatric disorders which are very common during the human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV). Understanding the neurobiological basis, and therefore providing an effective treatment for these psychiatric disorders, is very important since disturbed behaviours may facilitate the behaviour and risk factors which are crucially involved in spreading this infection.

AIDS Dementia Complex↗
PubMed1995

Saccadic abnormalities in psychotic patients. I. Neuroleptic-free psychotic patients.

Most of the previous research reporting abnormalities of rapid re-fixation eye movements (saccades) in patients with schizophrenia has used patients receiving neuroleptic medication. In this study non-neuroleptically medicated schizophrenics were compared with other psychiatric patients using a variety of saccadic paradigms to determine the specificity of saccadic dysfunction. The patient groups consisted of schizophrenics (N = 18), bipolar affectives (N = 18), anxiety neurotics (N = 10) and normal controls (N = 31), none of whom had received neuroleptic medication for the preceding 6 months. Four behavioural paradigms, reflexive, predictive, remembered and ANTI were used to elicit saccades. The primary abnormality in the schizophrenic group was a significantly increased rate of distractibility in the ANTI (saccades made towards the target rather than in an opposite direction) and REM (saccades made prior to the imperative cue) paradigms. The major neuropsychological variable predictive of these errors was Wisconsin card sort perseverative errors. These data, in conjunction with findings from previous neurological research, would seem to provide converging evidence towards dysfunction of prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Saccadic abnormalities in psychotic patients. II. The role of neuroleptic treatment.

The effects of dopamine-antagonistic neuroleptic (NL) medication on saccadic eye movements were compared in matched groups of 40 NL-treated and 18 NL-free schizophrenic patients and in 18 NL-treated and 14 NL-free bipolar affective patients. Manipulation of the saccadic paradigm yielded data on four types of saccade: those reflexively elicited by novel stimuli (REFLEX saccades), those directed towards the remembered location of a target now extinguished (REM) or towards the location where a predictably alternating target is expected to appear (PRED), or ANTI saccades, directed away from the stimulus to the mirror image location. Extensive psychiatric, neurological and neuropsychological assessments were also carried out on all subjects. The saccades of NL-treated patients, regardless of diagnosis, were less spatially accurate than those of NL-free patients, with a greater tendency to fall short of the target when generated towards the locus of a mentally represented target. This effect was greatest with a predictably alternating target, especially during periods when target visibility was withdrawn, only a temporal cue remaining. This pattern of impairment which is also found in early stages of Parkinson's disease is likely to be due to deficiency of striatal dopamine. Its best clinical predictors were disease duration, and Webster-Parkinsonism scores. Failure to suppress reflexive saccades to the stimulus in the REM and ANTI paradigms were more closely associated with schizophrenia than with NL treatment and were best predicted by negative symptoms and Wisconsin perseverative errors, both of which are widely regarded as indicators of frontal lobe dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Suicide.

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Genes↗
PubMed1991

Assessing schizophrenia in adults with mental retardation. A comparative study.

Twenty-five patients with mild mental retardation were compared with 26 schizophrenic patients of normal intelligence. The patients with retardation had suffered an earlier onset and were less likely to have been married or employed. However, the clinical phenomena exhibited by the two groups, as elicited by a SADS-L interview, were very similar. Thus, standardised interviews and criteria for schizophrenia can be readily applied to those with an IQ between 50 and 70.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Agenesis of the corpus callosum and schizophrenia: a case report.

Clinical, radiological and neuropsychological findings in the first reported case of schizophrenia with complete agenesis of the corpus callosum are described. Although causal inferences were made difficult by the co-existence of a left frontotemporal cyst and a family history of affective disorder, some theories of the role of callosal dysfunction in schizophrenia require revision in the light of this case.

Agenesis of Corpus Callosum↗
PubMed1987

Left cerebral hemisphere hypodensity in discordant schizophrenic twins. A controlled study.

Eleven identical (monozygotic) twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia and 18 unselected control monozygotic twin pairs received a computed tomographic scan. Brain absorption density was determined on quadrants at five slice levels using a fully automatic program that eliminated cerebrospinal fluid spaces from analysis. There was no difference in brain density among schizophrenics, co-twins, and controls. There was a significant difference in right vs left hemisphere asymmetry of density across diagnostic groups. Overall, the left hemisphere was less dense than the right in the schizophrenics, while the reverse was found for the co-twins and controls. These results support the hypothesis of left hemisphere dysfunction in schizophrenia and suggest that it is an environmentally acquired, rather than genetic trait.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗