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Biomedical subjects

M A Piradov

Publications and source records attributed to M A Piradov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

[The analysis of brainstem acoustic evoked potentials in diphtheritic polyneuropathy].

The possibility of central and peripheral impairment of the acoustic analyser was studied in 18 patients with severe diphtheritic polyneuropathy (DP) using brainstem acoustic evoked potentials (BAEPs). The acoustic nerve impairment was found in 27.8%, the central abnormalities--in 44.4%. All the patients with CNS impairment suffered from chronic alcoholism. The data obtained have been compared to those of 26 patients with chronic alcoholism. In this group, peripheral polyneuropathy was confirmed in 76.9% cases; BAEPs revealed isolated involvement of the peripheral part of the acoustic nerve in 7.7% and CNS impairment was found in 84.6% patients. The results of the study suggest that diphtheritic toxin is not implicated in CNS lesions. Central changes found in the BAEPs analysis were related to chronic alcohol intake and did not aggravate diphtheria course.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Cerebellum hemorrhages and infarctions: clinical computed tomography study].

A complex examination of 46 patients with acute disturbances of cerebral circulation in the cerebellum was carried out. A new volumetric coefficient of this area lesion is proposed. The variants of the clinical course of cerebellum hemorrhage and infarctions in respect to the coefficient's value were distinguished. The course is considered favorable if the values are less than 0.08. The higher values indicate, as a rule, a progressive increase of neurological symptoms up to a lethal outcome. The results reveal that the volumetric coefficient of the cerebellum lesion is a reliable parameter both for prognosis and for quantitative evaluation of acute vascular processes in the cerebellum, allowing taking into account the potentials of reserve intracranial space of the posterior cranial focca as well as individual peculiarities of brain and cranial sizes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[The neural network algorithm for diagnosis of ischemic stroke pathogenetic subtypes].

The pathogenetic subtype of ischemic stroke (IS) in 204 cases of acute ischemic stroke was based on the results of clinical estimation, computer tomography, duplex scanning of brain vessels, electrocardiography, echocardiography and Holter monitoring. Initially, experts assigned a diagnosis of large-artery atherosclerosis to 59 (29%) patients, cardio embolic subtype to 51 (25%), small-vessel occlusion to 43 (21%), stroke of other etiology to 10 (5%), stroke of unclear etiology to 41 (20%). The TOAST computerized algorithm has been used for stroke subtypes diagnosis but it failed in 73% of the cases. Basing on artificial neural network, the authors developed the algorithm for determination of stroke subtypes by estimating probabilities for 3 IS subtypes: atherothrombotic, cardio embolic and lacunar. Its efficacy was proved by high diagnostic sensitivity of 97% (95% CI, 93% to 99%); positive predictive value--98% ((95% CI, 94% to 99%) and index of agreement with expert (K=0.955; 95% CI, 0.911 to 0.998).

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2003

Laser modification of the blood in vitro and in vivo in patients with Parkinson's disease.

The effect of He-Ne laser radiation on activity of MAO B, Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, and catalase in blood cells from patients with Parkinson's disease was studied in vivo and in vitro. The effects of intravenous in vivo irradiation (intravenous laser therapy) were more pronounced than those observed in similar in vitro experiments. It is concluded that generalized effect of laser therapy involves interaction between blood cells.

Blood↗
PubMed2001

Diphtheritic polyneuropathy: clinical analysis of severe forms.

BACKGROUND: Diphtheritic polyneuropathy (DP) is a dangerous complication of diphtheria, especially its severe forms with bulbar, respiratory tract, and circulatory disturbances. However, the clinical picture of severe forms of DP is practically unknown. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical features and peculiarities of the course of severe forms of DP. PATIENTS: Thirty-two patients with severe forms of DP. RESULTS: The first symptoms of DP developed in most patients 3 to 5 weeks after the onset of diphtheria. The cranial nerves were involved in all patients, most frequently nerves IX and X (32 patients); VII (28 patients); III, IV, and VI (27 patients); and XI (27 patients). One third of the patients had quadriplegia. The remaining patients had quadripareses. Of the 32 patients, 24 underwent artificial ventilation. All patients had sensory signs, proprioceptive more often than superficial. Autonomic disturbances were observed also in all patients. Only 2 of the 32 patients died. CONCLUSIONS: A direct indication for tracheotomy and artificial ventilation in patients with DP is a decrease of the vital capacity of the lungs below the traditional 16 mL/kg body weight or the development of the paralytic closure of the larynx against the background of the increasing weakness of the respiratory muscles. Characteristic of severe forms of DP is the phenomenon of the oppositely directed change in the neurological symptoms in the second month of the disease: the restoration of the function of the cranial nerves against the background of the further increase of the motor disturbances in the extremities and trunk. Special attention and care should be taken of patients during the period of the appearance of the episodes of vascular collapses-between the fourth and seventh weeks of DP.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Progress in neurosciences: initiatives within the framework of the program "Brain Decade (1990-2000)"].

The paper describes basic scientific and practical results obtained in the past decade at the Research Institute of Neurology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, in the following areas: cerebrovascular diseases, degenerative and demyelinating diseases of the nervous system. Particular attention is paid to the development of national criteria for brain death, a concept of structural and functional levels of the vascular system, that of brain pathology in atherosclerosis and essential hypertension, rapid methods for evaluating neuronal apoptosis, a new method for diagnosing prionic diseases caused by a classical viruses, and a new method for histochemical diagnosis of the degree of reparative peripheral nerve processes in polyneuropathies and to the discovery of two new hereditary nervous system diseases, to direct DNA diagnosis of torsion dystonia, Wilson-Konovalov disease, Friedreich's disease, to the setting up of a national representative family register and DNA data bank for monogenous hereditary diseases, to the development of indications for craniocerebral bypass of cerebral vessels in multiple occlusions of great cerebral arteries and indications for programmable plasmapheresis in a number of autoimmune diseases of the nervous system, to the development of rehabilitative programmes for stabilogram biocontrol, markers of an active embologenous atherosclerotic plaque in the arteries supplying blood to the brain, etc.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed2000

[Pathology of the brain in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease].

The autopsy cases of Creitsfeldt-Jacob disease (a sporadic form) are reported which were diagnosed clinically and supported by the data of biopsy and autopsy of the brain (classic triad: death of neurons, astrogliosis and spongiform degeneration of the gray substance of the cortex of brain hemispheres, preferentially), followed by clinical morphologic comparisons. The focal character of the disease was observed on the early stages of the disease, while diffuse alterations were found on the late stages.

Basal Ganglia Diseases↗
PubMed1996

[The achievements of the Institute of Neurology of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences over 50 years].

The historical review of the main research fields of Institute of Neurology of Rus. Acad. Med. Sci. from 1945 to nowadays is presented, some of them are: the investigations of both traumatic and infectious damages to nervous system, cerebrovascular pathology (angioneurology), neurogenetics, neuroreanimatology and neurosurgery (angioneurosurgery, in particular). The peculiarities of the development of approaches mentioned above as well as of corresponding problems are described in the review.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1992

[The therapy of severe forms of acute polyradiculoneuritis: corticosteroids, plasmapheresis or their combination?].

A comparative examination was made of 62 patients with acute polyradiculoneuritis using hormonal therapy (HT), plasmapheresis (PA), their combination (HTPA) and maintenance therapy (MT). All the patients were distributed into 2 groups: group A (requiring artificial ventilation of the lungs--AVL) and group B (incapable of moving). Group A consisted of subgroups HT; HTPA; PA. Group B consisted of subgroups HT; MT; PA. The hormones (prednisolone or metipred) were applied in the doses 1 mg/kg according to the regressing scheme. The duration of AVL, the rate of the recovery of walking to the distance over 5 m both with and without support appeared in group A significantly higher (by 2-2.5 times), using PA alone. The analogous results were obtained in group B. At the same time, no significant differences were discovered between subgroups HT and HTPA (group A) and HT and MT (group B). It is recommended that MT be used in severe forms of acute polyradiculoneuritis in the stage of the increment of the neurological symptomatology. The volumes should not be less than 35-40 ml plasma/kg per operation and 120-160 ml plasma/kg per treatment course. The hormones may exert a "smoothing" action on the efficacy of PA.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

[Peripheral autonomic insufficiency in the Guillain-Barré syndrome].

Overall 11 patients with acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy or Guillain-Barre syndrome were examined for the status of the peripheral part of the autonomic nervous system. Methods used in the study permit estimating the status of vegetative fibers in different systems: in the cardiovascular system, in the pupil, and in sweat glands. Part of the patients were examined over time for all the vegetative and electroneuromyographic characteristics. Based on the data obtained the conclusion is made about a slow recovery of the function of vegetative fibers in the cardiovascular system. It is emphasized that the degree of vegetative fibers injury and, therefore, the gravity of the clinical manifestations and the course of vegetative polyneuropathy are determined in many respects by the degree of axon impairment.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

[Mild forms of multi-infarct dementia: effectiveness of cerebrolysin].

The randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study of the effectiveness of cerebrolysin in a mild form of multi-infarct dementia was carried out. Sixty patients were divided in two equal groups differing significantly at the beginning of the study by none of the compared parameters. They received for 28 days daily drop intravenous doses of cerebrolysin (15 ml of the drug in 200 ml of a 0.85% NaCl solution: 10 ml in the morning and 5 ml in the evening) or placebo in the same amount of the solution. The control of the therapy effectiveness was instituted clinically (by means of a special scale), electroencephalographically, and using the psychological test of Arnold-Kohlmann and the test for response time. The study found a significant improvement of the memory (p-0.01), abstract thinking and time of reaction in the patients on cerebrolysin, confirmed also by the EEG-mapping. It is believed advisable to use the drug cerebrolysin in mild forms of multi-infarct dementia.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[A comparative evaluation of the efficacy of methods of determining osmolality and middle molecules in the prognosis of the course of strokes].

The authors compare the efficacies of methods for assessing osmolality (OSM) and analysis of medium molecules (MM) in the prediction of the post-stroke period course in the first 7 days from the stroke onset. Prognostically unfavorable MM and OSM values were found, predicting the possible lethal outcome. On the whole the MM index was found 1.7 times more sensitive for this prediction than the OSM index; the possibility of predicting a lethal outcome from the MM value within the first 24 hrs was 3 times higher and within the first 48 hrs 4 times higher vs. the OSM value.

Adult↗