Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M A Omar

Publications and source records attributed to M A Omar.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

HLA-A, B, C and DR antigens in young South African blacks with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus.

The HLA status of South African black Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with age of onset under 35 years was compared with that of healthy black control subjects. HLA-A, B and C antigens were determined in 94 patients and 995 control subjects, while DR typing was carried out on 56 patients and 195 control subjects. There was a significant increase in the frequency of DR4 in patients as compared with control subjects (p less than 0.01; relative risk 3.4). DR3/DR4 heterozygosity was associated with a greater relative risk for developing Type 1 diabetes mellitus (3.7) than the presence of DR3 alone (relative risk 1.6). A significant negative association was observed between the presence of BW42 and Type 1 diabetes in this population sample (p less than 0.04; relative risk 0.3). A similar trend was observed with regard to DR2, the corrected p value just attaining statistical significance (p less than 0.05; relative risk 0.1).

Black People↗
PubMed1984

Patterns of diabetes mellitus in young Africans and Indians in Natal.

Young African and Indian patients (age of onset under 35) were studied in order to determine the pattern of diabetes mellitus seen in these groups. Of the 110 African patients 86 had IDDM and 18 NIDDM, whereas of the 101 Indian patients the distribution was 40 and 60 respectively. Tropical diabetes (J-type and Z-type) was rare in both groups. IDDM tended to start at an earlier age in Indians (mean 17 years) compared to Africans (mean 23 years). Onset of the disease tended to be more frequent in winter, particularly in Indian patients. NIDDM was associated with a female predominance (3:1) and obesity in both population groups. A positive family history of diabetes mellitus was obtained from 80% of the Indian and 39% of the African patients with NIDDM.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Pituitary function in Sheehan's syndrome.

The responses of plasma prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and thyroid-stimulating hormone were measured in ten women with Sheehan's syndrome after intravenous administration of the appropriate releasing hormones. Growth hormone and cortisol responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia were also measured. It was found that two patients were biochemically borderline euthyroid and eight were probably hypothyroid in the face of thyroid-stimulating hormone values in the reference range; in two patients thyroid-stimulating hormone response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone was appropriate. In no patient were the minimum prolactin levels achieved, in response to thyroid-releasing hormone as established in reference subjects. Growth hormone response to hypoglycemia was inadequate in all patients and only one patient achieved reference range values of cortisol during hypoglycemia. In six patients fasting LH and FSH were in the reference range and the response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone was adequate and appropriate in eight patients. In light of these findings it is suggested that prolactin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone administration would be a reliable and simple screening procedure for suspected Sheehan's syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Thyrotoxicosis and asthma. A case report.

A 55-year-old woman with intrinsic asthma that was aggravated by the onset of thyrotoxicosis is described. The possible mechanism for such a relationship is discussed.

Asthma↗
PubMed1983

The phytohaemagglutinin response and lymphocyte subpopulations in young Blacks and Indians with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

The lymphocyte transformation response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and the relative numbers of T, B and null lymphocytes were studied in 32 insulin-dependent diabetics and 32 healthy matched controls. The mean stimulation index (Sl) of the 18 patients with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus was significantly lower than that of controls. No difference was seen in the mean Sl values of well-controlled diabetics compared with controls. Neither the well-controlled group nor the poorly controlled group showed any significant differences in the mean counts of the various lymphocyte subpopulations when compared with controls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The foetal thyroid of the dromedary: its relation to body weight and dimensions and to the weight of the Dam's thyroid.

Growth and iodine content of the thyroid glands in relation to body weight, length [total (BCVRT), crown-rump (CR), and curved crown-rump (CVR)], chest circumference (CC), and age were investigated in 83 camel foetuses from 70 to 355 days of gestation (mean gestation length 390 days). Weight and iodine content of the dam's thyroid were also studied. Highly significant (P less than 0.01) correlations of 0.883, 0.797, 0.798, 0.792, and 0.813 were obtained between foetal thyroid weights on the one hand and body weight, BCVRT, CR, CVR, and CC on the other hand. A significant (P less than 0.05) correlation of 0.345 was obtained between weights of the foetal thyroid and dam's thyroid. The relative weight of the foetal thyroid to body weight was 0.045% at 70-99 days of gestation, but decreased to 0.028 (0.023 to 0.036%) in the subsequent stages. Iodine trapping by the foetal thyroid was first detected at 100-129 days of gestation. Total iodine then increased until 310 days, but decreased thereafter. The foetal thyroid has 4 to 25 times higher avidity to iodine accumulation than that of the dam.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Insulin response to oral glucose in young African and Indian noninsulin-dependent diabetic patients in Natal.

The insulin response to an oral glucose load was studied in 24 Indian and 14 African patients with NIDDM and 20 controls. The maximal insulin levels attained during the glucose tolerance test were significantly lower, and the peak insulin response occurred later in the diabetic patients compared to controls. The insulinogenic indices were also much lower in the patients. African patients showed lower basal and maximal insulin levels and lower insulinogenic indices than Indian patients, despite similar plasma glucose values. No correlation was seen between the fasting or maximal insulin levels and duration of NIDDM.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme estimation and the Kveim-Siltzbach test in sarcoidosis.

Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (SACE) and Kveim-Siltzbach test results were obtained in 25 patients with clinically active sarcoidosis. Twenty of these patients had elevated SACE levels and 17 had positive Kveim-Siltzbach tests. One patient had normal SACE activity and a negative Kveim-Siltzbach test. Four of the 6 patients with a normal SACE level had a positive Kveim-Siltzbach test and 7 of the 8 patients with a negative Kveim-Siltzbach test had elevated SACE levels. These results indicate that the two tests are complementary and increase the diagnostic specificity in sarcoidosis. We conclude that the concurrent use of SACE measurement and Kveim-Siltzbach tests is of value in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

C-peptide response to glucagon in black and Indian insulin-dependent diabetics.

Residual beta cell function was estimated in 35 young diabetic patients (25 Blacks and 10 Indians) and 22 controls by means of C-peptide assays using glucagon as a provocative agent. The basal C-peptide levels (mean 0,32 +/- 0,23 nmol/l) and the 6-minute post-glucagon levels (mean 0,56 +/- 0,47 nmol/l) were significantly lower in the diabetic patients than in the controls (mean values 0,49 +/- 0,20 nmol/l and 1.24 +/- 0,48 nmol/l respectively). None the less, residual beta cell function, as gauged by the presence of significant C-peptide increments in response to glucagon provocation (mean increase 75% of basal level), was present in most of the patients. The Black patients had significantly lower basal and 6-minute post-glucagon C-peptide levels than the Indian patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Haemoglobin A1C levels in Black and Indian insulin-dependent diabetic patients of poor socio-economic status.

Haemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) levels were measured in 71 Black and Indian insulin-dependent diabetic outpatients. The mean HbA1C level was 13,7 +/- 1,8%, and levels showed a significant positive correlation with random plasma glucose values measured at the same time (r = 0,47; P less than 0,001). Unsatisfactory socio-economic circumstances may be responsible for the poor quality of control in these patients. In view of the difficulties inherent in assessing the quality of control in such patients, who are often unreliable as regards home urine testing, HbA1C estimation provides a singularly useful guide to the degree of hyperglycaemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with early onset in Blacks and Indians.

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) with onset below 35 years of age was studies in 43 Indian and 9 Black patients. NIDDM was diagnosed in 10.0% and 1.6% of diabetes in the respective racial groups. The mean age of the patients was 35.4 years and the mean duration of diabetes 7.5 years. Nearly 50% of patients were significantly obese, and more than 50% had a positive family history of diabetes. In all patients the diabetes was symptomatic at presentation, although frequently insidious in onset. In all cases the symptoms could be controlled without insulin therapy. Despite persistence significant hyperglycaemia in several patients, ketosis did not occur at any stage. Complications were detected in 40% of the Indian and 22% of the Black patients, but were unrelated to the duration of diabetes or severity of hyperglycaemia. Basal insulin levels and postglucose insulinaemic responses were lower in the Black than the Indian diabetes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with early onset in blacks and Indians.

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) with onset below 35 years of age was studied in 52 Black and 38 Indian patients. IDDM accounted for approximately 10.4% and 1.1% of diabetes in the respective racial groups. The mean age and body weight in the Black and Indian diabetics were 27.6 years and 24.7 years, and 60.2 kg and 54.7 kg, respectively. The duration of diabetes in the majority of Blacks was 1-4 years, and that in Indians 5-9 years. The initial presentation in more than 80% of the patients was acute, with severe keto-acidosis in 15%. A positive family history of diabetes was obtained in more than 50% of Indians and in less than 6% of Blacks. Complications were present in 33% of Indian patients and were related to the duration of illness and dose of insulin required. Basal growth hormone, cortisol, cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in serum were higher in Indians than in Blacks, but the differences were not significant. The disease was unrelated to excess alcohol intake or to pancreatic calcification.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Type III hyperlipoproteinaemia in a black patient. A case report.

A Black male aged 55 years presented with xanthomatosis on the elbows, buttocks and knees. The fasting serum cholesterol (10,62 mmol/l) and triglyceride levels (8,85 mmol/l) were elevated. The refrigerator test revealed a diffuse lactescence with a faint chylomicron layer. The very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol and triglyceride levels were also elevated, with a VLDL cholesterol-to-VLDL triglyceride ratio of 0,37 and a VLDL cholesterol-to-serum triglyceride ratio of 0,45. Electrophoresis of the serum revealed a broad beta-band and the VLDL isolated exhibited beta mobility. After exclusion of secondary causes a diagnosis of primary type III hyperlipoproteinaemia was made.

Black People↗