Early diagnosis of congenital dislocation of the hip.
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Hip Dislocation, Congenital↗
Biomedical subjects
M A Nelson
Publications and source records attributed to M A Nelson.
Androgenic-anabolic steroid use in adolescents.
Use of androgenic-anabolic steroids is increasing in the adolescent population. Information necessary for the health care professional to deal effectively with this problem is reviewed. Clinical effects, both positive and negative, as well as methods for recognition of the androgen-anabolic steroid user, are presented. Discussion of various forms of intervention is included.
Adolescent↗
Health practices and role involvement among low-income working women.
An exploratory-descriptive design was used to investigate the health practices of low-income working women and to discover how these practices are influenced by the circumstances of their daily lives. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 34 women employed as nursing assistants in long-term care agencies. Eating a healthy diet, exercising, and getting sufficient rest and sleep were the most commonly reported health practices. A high level of involvement in work, family, and social roles was evident in the women's responses; however, work occupied the central position in most of the women's lives and exerted the greatest influence on their health practices. Time and energy constraints related to the demands of multiple role activities and financial needs arising from disadvantaged socioeconomic conditions were frequently mentioned barriers to desired health practices.
Adult↗
Liquid chromatographic determination of gentamicin in serum with spectrophotometric detection.
A simple, accurate, and specific liquid chromatographic procedure is described for the determination of gentamicin in 50 muL of serum. Gentamicin and sisomicin (IS) were converted into their trinitrophenyl derivatives by reaction with a water soluble derivatizing agent at 70 degrees C for 30 minutes. The derivatives were extracted from the crude mixture with chloroform, which was separated, evaporated, and the residue reconstituted in acetonitrile. Gentamicin was separated into three major isomers (C1, C2, and C1a) on a reversed-phase octyl column by eluting with a mobile phase. The eluted compounds were detected at 340 nm and quantified from their peak heights or peak areas. Chromatography was complete in less than 11.0 minutes. The lower limit of detection for gentamicin was less than 0.5 mg/L, analytical recoveries varied from 96.6% to 99.3%, linearity extended to 15.0 mg/L, and day-to-day precision was between 2.2% to 2.9%.
Chromatography, Liquid↗
Reliability and reproducibility of clinical findings in low-back pain.
The data obtained from the history and examination of patients with low-back pain and sciatica have been subjected to an observer variation analysis. Redesign of the proformata resulted in a reduction of the observer error from 33% to 18% for the history, but no improvement in the finding of a 30% observer error in the examination. The clinician has a simple choice: if he wishes to obtain a large amount of detailed information he must realize that much of it will be unreliable; if he is prepared to limit the information then he will increase its reliability.
Back Pain↗
Cardiovascular considerations with anthracycline use in patients with cancer.
Anthracyclines are important chemotherapeutic agents that are used for the treatment of various malignancies in both adults and children, but their usefulness has been limited by cardiotoxicity that is usually dose related. Oxidative injury appears to be the cause of myocardial dysfunction when using these drugs. Screening for early myocardial injury with troponin testing, echocardiography, and radionuclide examinations has reduced the incidence of chronic cardiac dysfunction. Various anthracycline analogues have been developed that have less cardiotoxicity. Dexrazoxane, an iron chelator, and the radioprotective agent amifostine protect against cardiac injury, thus allowing the use of higher doses of anthracyclines. Other strategies that have been evaluated are dietary glutamine supplementation and the use of the antioxidant probucol.
Anthracyclines↗
Intracerebroventricular infusions of corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) and ACTH raise blood pressure in sheep.
Infusion of synthetic ovine CRF (10 or 100 micrograms/h) into the lateral lateral cerebral ventricle for 24 h increased mean arterial blood pressure of conscious sheep. CRF infusion also increased urine output and sodium excretion. Intravenous infusion of CRF (100 micrograms/h) or intraventricular infusion of artificial CSF had no effect on blood pressure. Intraventricular infusion of ACTH (1-24) at 0.5 micrograms/kg per day, a rate of infusion which has no systemic effect on blood pressure, also raised mean arterial pressure. These studies suggest that two peptides involved in the physiological response to 'stress' may influence blood pressure by mechanisms which do not involve stimulation of adrenocortical steroid production.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
Demonstration of alpha-adrenoceptor antagonism by the 5HT2 antagonist, ketanserin (R49945), in sheep.
Serotonin causes a dose related (0.1-20 micrograms/kg i.v.) increase in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate in conscious sheep. Ketanserin (0.1 mg/kg per h i.v.) causes a decrease in blood pressure, and an increase in heart rate. In the presence of ketanserin, serotonin induced increases in MAP are attenuated, or abolished, but the increases in heart rate are enhanced. Ketanserin (10 mg/kg per h i.v.) attenuates or abolishes the increase in blood pressure induced by the alpha-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine in conscious sheep. When administered in the presence of the alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin, ketanserin (0.1 mg/kg per h i.v.) fails to induce a further hypotensive response. These data suggest that in the conscious sheep ketanserin exhibits predominantly alpha-adrenoceptor antagonism.
Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
The effect of the 'hypertensinogenic' steroid, 9 alpha-fluorocortisol on blood pressure in sheep with ACTH-induced hypertension.
The effect of treatment with 9 alpha-fluorocortisol (9 alpha FF), a steroid which causes hypertension in sheep, was examined in sheep with ACTH-induced hypertension. ACTH treatment alone increased mean arterial pressure (MAP), plasma Na concentration, water intake and urine volume and decreased plasma K concentration. 9 alpha FF treatment, for 3 days during continuing ACTH administration, did not change blood pressure but increased heart rate, water intake and urine volume and decreased urinary K excretion. As 9 alpha FF did not cause a further increment in blood pressure in sheep with ACTH-induced hypertension it is possible that both ACTH and 9 alpha FF may produce hypertension by similar mechanisms.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
Ketanserin does not prevent ACTH-induced hypertension in sheep.
The role of serotonin (5HT) in the pathogenesis of ACTH-induced hypertension in sheep has been examined. The pressor responses to injections of 5HT (0.1-30 micrograms/kg) were similar in normotensive and hypertensive sheep. Prior treatment with the 5HT2 receptor antagonist ketanserin had no effect on the development of hypertension produced by ACTH administration.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
Effects of tocopherol (vitamin E)-deficient diet on some oral, para-oral, and hematopoietic tissues of the rat.
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Animals↗
A county sports medicine committee. The Albuquerque experience.
This paper describes the Albuquerque and Bernalillo County Medical Association Sports Medicine Committee, in existence since 1973. The Committee has had several non-physician members, including athletic trainers, physical therapists, dentists, and others. Among the many accomplishments of the Committee has been the development of a unique high school sports medicine program for the Albuquerque Public School System. The program combined certified athletic trainers and volunteer team physicians in a close and formal working relationship. To support the high school program, the Committee has developed an injury reporting system, a computer program for recording statistics, and a continuing education newsletter. The program has been well received by all concerned with it, especially the student-athletes.
Forecasting↗
Effects of acute and subchronic exposure of topically applied fullerene extracts on the mouse skin.
The recent discovery that fullerenes (C60) can be produced in macroscopic quantities has sparked much interest in the chemistry of this unusual molecule. Concerns have also arisen about the potential carcinogenic effects of this molecule. We have addressed the potential acute and subchronic toxic effects of fullerenes applied in benzene on the mouse skin. The acute toxic effects measured in this study included epidermal DNA synthesis and the induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity in the epidermis. At the topical dose of fullerenes used in these studies (i.e., 200 micrograms), we found no effect on either DNA synthesis or ornithine decarboxylase activity over a 72 hour time course after treatment. The subchronic effects of the fullerenes as a mouse skin tumor promoter was assessed by repeatedly applying the chemical to the skin after initiation with the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA). Repeated administration of the fullerenes for up to 24 weeks post-initiation did not result in either benign or malignant skin tumor formation, whereas promotion with the phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol- 13-acetate (TPA) resulted in the formation of benign skin tumors. Our data indicate that fullerenes applied in benzene at a likely industrial exposure level do not cause acute toxic effects on the mouse skin epidermis.
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
Leadership development course for creating a learning environment.
This article describes a leadership development course designed to prepare leadership to promote cultural changes in a large health care system undergoing an initiative of patient care redesign. Entitled "Creating A Learning Environment," the course is based on Peter Senge's work. His five disciplines are presented as central concepts with practice examples. Characteristics of a learning environment and strategies to promote the cultural change necessary for its formation are explained.
Curriculum↗
St. Anthony's gets a taste for cost savings.
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Food Handling↗
Therapeutic angiogenesis: a new treatment modality for ischemic heart disease.
Angiogenesis is the process of new blood vessel formation, and has potential clinical use in the management of ischemic heart disease. A considerable amount of ongoing research has recently focused on the process of angiogenesis, including the identification of various factors that can inhibit or stimulate this process. The picture that is emerging suggests that a complex set of interactions involving various cells and cellular products is the key to angiogenesis. In particular, endothelial cells and growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor, appear to play integral roles in angiogenesis. Various preclinical studies involving animal models of ischemia explored the potential use of angiogenesis in ischemic disease. Based on encouraging results, a number of clinical trials involving angiogenesis have been initiated to determine whether the process of angiogenesis also offers therapeutic benefit in humans.
Coronary Vessels↗
Development of a measure of learned helplessness.
The purpose of this study was to develop a measure of learned helplessness. Based on a review of the literature, 50 items were developed for inclusion in the proposed Learned Helplessness Scale (LHS). On the basis of independent reviews by three experts, 20 items were selected for inclusion in the LHS. An individual's response to each item was graded, using a Likert scale. A standardized alpha reliability coefficient of .85 was obtained for a sample of 241 healthy adults. There was a positive correlation between the LHS scores and Beck's Hopelessness Scale (HS) scores (r = .252) and a negative correlation between the LHS scores and Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale (SES) scores (r = -.622). These correlations were in the direction postulated by various theorists. A Varimax-rotated factor analysis of the LHS data yielded five factors. Three of these factors tapped content relevant to the attributional styles of learned helplessness. Clinical data were also obtained on samples of oncology, hemodialysis, and spinal cord patients. Because the alpha reliability coefficients of the LHS and the Pearson product moment correlation coefficients between the LHS and the HS and the LHS and the SES were in the same direction, the instrument is believed to have adequate internal consistency.
Adolescent↗