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Biomedical subjects

M A Murray

Publications and source records attributed to M A Murray.

83 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1974

Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone therapy in hypogonadal males with hypothalamic or pituitary dysfunction.

Subcutaneous self-administration of synthetic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone 500 mug eight-hourly for up to one year by 12 male patients (five prepubertal) with clinical hypogonadism due to hypothalamic or pituitary disease resulted in the synthesis and continued release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). There was a rise in circulating androgen levels in all patients. Improvements in pubertal ratings were seen in some prepubertal patients. Potency returned in the adults and spermatogenesis was induced and maintained in the four patients who had received treatment for more than four months, total counts reaching between 7.8 and 432 x 10(6) spermatozoa. A fall in the FSH response to the releasing hormone occurred during spermatogenesis though LH was little affected. During the initial weeks of therapy FSH secretion usually occurred before that of LH though LH secretion was greater as treatment continued. FSH secretion also persisted for longer when treatment was stopped.

Acromegaly↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The German health care system: structure and changes.

The German health care system has often been viewed by American policy makers as a model for a system that controls costs and provides coverage to virtually all of its citizens, while maintaining a private market for the delivery of most services. Nevertheless, German policy makers are as concerned as their American counterparts about the increasing share of national income devoted to health care. To control rising health care costs, the German government, after two decades of cost control interventions, has enacted a major health care reform aimed at reducing structural deficits of the current system and enhancing competition within the system. We review the general structure of the German health care system and analyze its specific problems. We also discuss its accomplishments and present the recently enacted health care reform.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Axon guidance in cultured epithelial fragments of Drosophila wing.

Growing axons can be guided by a number of different cues: adhesive substrates, diffusible factors, electrical fields and even factors intrinsic to the neurone itself have all been shown to affect axon orientation and outgrowth in vitro. However, in most intact systems it has proved difficult to test directly the role played by these putative guidance cues. Here, we describe a system, the developing wing of the fruitfly, in which we have tested simultaneously two putative guidance mechanisms, physical constraints to axon growth (channels) and the position of neuronal somata (guideposts), using surgical techniques. We show that pioneer sensory axons can navigate correctly and form their normal stereotyped pattern of axon bundles in wing fragments that apparently lack both physical and neural cues. This technique allows access to the surface along which neuronal pathfinding takes place, making possible a wide range of experimental manipulations on the developing system.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The influence of the high-risk care environment on the practice of low-risk obstetrics.

This retrospective chart review compared the intervention rates in 2,365 low-risk obstetric patients at three urban teaching hospitals, two of which were high-risk, perinatal referral centers. The third cared for mostly low-risk patients. The hypothesis was that rates of intervention in low-risk pregnancies would be higher in the high-risk care environment. Family physicians at the perinatal referral centers performed significantly more artificial rupture of membranes, epidural blocks, augmentations of labor, and episiotomies on their low-risk patients than did those at the low-risk hospital. This trend was also found for obstetricians but did not reach statistical significance. Thus, the conclusion was drawn that caring for low-risk patients in a high-risk care environment is associated with a higher intervention rate by family physicians. Factors that may contribute to this finding are discussed.

Adult↗