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Biomedical subjects

M A Mir

Publications and source records attributed to M A Mir.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Nocturnal hypoxemia and associated electrocardiographic changes in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease.

To study the direct effects of nocturnal hypoxemia on the heart, we recorded electrocardiographic tracings and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) during the night in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease. In seven "blue-bloater" patients the mean basal SaO2 was less than 80 per cent, and it fell by more than 10 per cent during 29 episodes of transient hypoxemia. Only five such episodes occurred in three of five "pink-puffer" patients. All "blue bloaters" with low basal mean SaO2 had multiple atrial and ventricular premature contractions and a high heart rate at rest; six patients has a prolonged QTc, three had ST-T depression, and one had right-bundle-branch block. Oxygen therapy increased basal mean SaO2, reduced ectopic activity, abolished ST-T changes and bundle-branch block, significantly reduced the resting heart rate and the amplitude of the R and S waves, and shortened the QTc in four nonsmokers. These results suggest that sustained hypoxemia contributes to myocardial dysfunction and heart failure in "blue-bloater" patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Evidence for inhibitory and anti-ouabain-like factors in leukaemic blood.

1. At a high dilution in Ringer solution (1:200), leukaemic plasma significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased the ouabain-sensitive and increased ouabain-insensitive components of sodium efflux from erythrocytes. At a low dilution (1:10) leukaemic plasma predominantly decreased the total and ouabain-insensitive component of sodium efflux (P less than 0.01). 2. Erythrocytes from patients with leukaemia had a high affinity for the plasma factor which inhibited the total and ouabain-insensitive efflux (inhibitory factor). 3. Washings of leukaemic erythrocytes which had been incubated in leukaemic plasma contained a factor which significantly decreased the ouabain-sensitive and increased ouabain-insensitive components of sodium efflux (the anti-ouabain-like factor). 4. These studies show that leukaemic blood contains two factors which have opposite effects on sodium efflux from erythrocytes. These factors may contribute to the high incidence of multiple electrolyte disturbances in acute myeloid leukaemia.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed1981

Comparison of antianginal efficacy of one conventional and three long acting beta-adrenoreceptor blocking agents in stable angina pectoris.

We compared the antianginal efficacy of one conventional and three long acting beta-adrenoreceptor blocking agents in a randomised manner in 12 patients with stable angina pectoris. An exercise test was performed initially and in the 24th hour after a single daily dose of 160 mg of each beta-blocker at the end of a two week treatment period. In addition, glyceryl trinitrate consumption, anginal attack rate, and activity scores were recorded. No titration studies to an equivalent degree of beta-blockade were undertaken; a fixed dose was used even though these drugs are not equipotent. Conventional propranolol in a single daily dose of 160 mg was as effective in controlling the frequency of anginal attacks as long acting propranolol and sustained release oxprenolol. Exercise tolerance was less with sustained release oxprenolol than with conventional propranolol, long acting propranolol, and nadolol. Nadolol produced a significantly greater reduction in exercise-induced tachycardia than did long acting propranolol, sustained release oxprenolol, and conventional propranolol, and also the lowest anginal attack rate, the lowest trinitrin consumption, and significantly less ST segment depression than the other three. These findings suggest that nadolol is more potent than long acting propranolol, sustained release oxprenolol, and conventional propranolol, and the antianginal benefit at the 24th hour relates to the degree of beta-adrenoreceptor blockade achieved.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1980

Usefulness of serum lysozyme measurement in diagnosis of intrathoracic lymphadenopathy.

We studied the value of serum lysozyme as a helpful test in distinguising tuberculous involvement of intrathoracic glands from lymphoma. Nineteen of the 28 patients (all Asian immigrants) with intrathoracic glandular tuberculosis had raised serum lysozyme level as compared with 2 of the 29 patients with lymphoma. While a normal serum lysozyme level is unhelpful, a raised level in an Asian immigrant with hilar or mediastinal lymphadenopathy makes tuberculosis a highly probable diagnosis.

Africa, Eastern↗
PubMed1980

Aplastic anaemia: an analysis of 174 patients.

The authors summarize their experience with 174 patients with aplastic anaemia (AA) with particular reference to course, prognostic factors, conversion to other blood disorders, treatment and outcome. Aplastic anaemia was defined as pancytopenia and a hypocellular marrow at some time during the illness. Seven patients terminated with acute leukaemia, 8 developed haematological features of sideroblastic anaemia and 5 showed a red cell membrane defect commonly found in paroxysmal noctural haemoglobinuria. Complete recovery occurred in only 4 patients; 70 others showed a partial remission with some residual haematological abnormality in peripheral blood. Eighteen of these had spontaneous remission. Remission was brief in 27 patients who died; only 32 patients remained in partial remission. Twenty-five per cent. of the patients with AA run an acute course and die within 6 months of the time of diagnosis. The remainder run a subacute or chronic course, punctuated in some cases by a transient remission, but in others by a conversion to other related haematological disorders. An acute course is suggested by a rapid onset of symptoms, a falling neutrophil count, a haemoglobin level less than 5 g/dl and a very low platelet count. A chronic course is likely in those patients who have a slow onset of symptoms, a stable neutrophil count and a Hb level in excess of 5 g/dl. The authors' experience shows that the disease runs either of the 2 courses irrespective of the supportive therapy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Metabolic disorders in acute myeloid leukaemia.

Metabolic balance studies were carried out in 17 unselected patients with acute myeloid leukaemia. Widespread metabolic disturbances were observed. Serum Na fell below 135 mmol/1 in 14 patients (82%) and 11 patients (64%) developed hypokalaemia. An increased osmolal clearance caused by a release of electrolyte and blast cell waste (i.e. urea, urate, etc.) during chemotherapy appeared to be the principle cause of natriuresis and hyperkaluria. Seven patients had proteinuria before and eight others developed it during antileukemic therapy. Nine patients (53%) developed proximal renal tubular dysfunction with aminoaciduria, hyperphosphaturia and incomplete reabsorption of urate. No significant relation was found between this widespread glomerulo-tubular dysfunction and lysozymuria. We suggest that antileukaemic drugs release unidentified substances from blast cells which are toxic to the kidney. Metabolic alkalosis in six patients (35%) was probably related to volume depletion and hypokalaemia, while two patients developed acidaemia with the onset of renal failure. Hypocalcemia in seven patients (41%) had a multifactorial basis: hyperphosphaturia, septicaemia, malnutrition and cytotoxic drugs were among the probable causes.

Fludrocortisone↗
PubMed1977

Hypoimmunoglobulinaemia and aplastic anaemia.

Serum immunoglobulin levels were estimated in 19 patients with aplastic anaemia. Although the mean levels for IgG, IgA and IgM for the group as a whole were within the normal range, 8 individual cases showed low levels of one or more immunoglobulin class, suggesting a disturbance in immunoglobulin production. One of these patients had a thymoma, and another positive tests for anti-nuclear factor, but there was no evidence of auto-immune disease in the others. It is suggested that 'aplastic anaemia' may sometimes be a disease due to injury of a stem cell subserving both haemopoietic and immunological function.

Adult↗