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Biomedical subjects

M A Jacobs

Publications and source records attributed to M A Jacobs.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Revision total knee arthroplasty for aseptic failure.

Twenty-four patients with 28 failed total knee arthroplasties replaced with porous-coated anatomic (PCA) primary or revision components were studied over a two- to four-year period. Overall, there were 68% good and excellent results and three failures. When evaluated according to mode of failure, 83% of the patients who had a definable mechanical problem achieved good or excellent results. Patients who had revision operations for incapacitating pain or in whom no clearly definable problem could be ascertained before operation were not significantly improved. Complications that led to poor results were deep sepsis, wound necrosis, and extensor mechanism abnormalities.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

The effects of a dietary zinc supplement during lactation on longitudinal changes in maternal zinc status and milk zinc concentrations.

Dietary zinc intakes, selected biochemical indices of zinc status, and milk zinc concentrations were determined at monthly intervals throughout lactation for 53 middle-income lactating women, 14 of whom received a daily supplement of 15 mg zinc. Overall mean dietary zinc intake for the non-supplemented group (NZS) was 10.7 +/- 4.1 mg/day (mean +/- SD). The mean dietary zinc intake of the zinc supplemented group (ZS) was 12.2 +/- 3.5 mg/day, with an additional 12.8 +/- 1.5 mg/day from the supplement. For the NZS group, the highest mean plasma zinc concentration of 79 +/- 10 mu/dl, which occurred at month 4, was significantly less than the mean for non-lactating control women (86 +/- 10 micrograms/dl). ZS plasma zinc levels had a pattern similar to that of the NZS group for months 1-7. The rate of decline in milk zinc during lactation was significantly less for the ZS group compared to that of the NZS group (p = 0.02). It is concluded that milk zinc concentrations are influenced by maternal zinc intake within a physiological range and that the effects of low maternal intakes are most apparent with prolonged lactation.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Zinc in human milk: diurnal and within-feed patterns.

To examine diurnal patterns of milk zinc concentrations, midfeed samples were obtained at approximately 6 a.m., 9 a.m., 12 noon, 3 p.m., 6 p.m., and 9 p.m. on a total of 29 days from 16 lactating women. Within-feed patterns were examined in 32 subjects with analysis of samples of fore-, mid-, and hindmilk from a total of 175 feeds. There were no significant differences between means for any of the diurnal intervals or between means for fore-, mid-, and hindmilk samples. These results indicate that milk zinc concentrations of random samples of human milk collected at any time of the day or of the feed can be accepted as representative for that day.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1984

Kinematic total knee replacement.

We reviewed 124 consecutive kinematic condylar total knee replacements (in ninety-one patients) at two to four years postoperatively. One hundred and eleven (90 per cent) were rated as good or excellent. The average active postoperative flexion was 106 degrees (range, 94 to 120 degrees). Twenty-two knees (18 per cent) had incomplete, non-progressive radiolucent lines, less than one millimeter in width, at the tibial bone-cement interface; these were considered insignificant. Restriction of stair-climbing ability in this series appeared to be a function of involvement of multiple joints rather than of patellar replacement, as the rheumatoid patients with resurfaced patellae performed the worst. The osteoarthritic patients with involvement of a single joint performed the best, regardless of whether the patella was resurfaced or not. When compared with a similar series of total knee replacements in which the tibial component was made entirely of plastic, less reaction at the bone-cement interface was found with the metal-backed kinematic tibial component. We suggest that this finding is clinical confirmation of in vitro studies that demonstrated the advantage of metal-backed tibial components. We concluded that this procedure, if meticulously performed, will give predictably good to excellent results with a low complication rate, a good postoperative range of motion, and a favorable-appearing bone-cement interface at two to four years.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Zinc nutritional status during pregnancy: a longitudinal study.

Dietary zinc (Zn) intake and selected biochemical indices of Zn status were studied longitudinally at monthly intervals in 46 pregnant middle-income women, 10 of whom received a daily supplement of 15 mg Zn. Mean dietary Zn intake for the nonsupplemented subjects (group A) was 11.3 +/- 4.1 mg/day (56% of the Recommended Dietary Allowances), and for the Zn-supplemented subjects (group B) was 21.7 mg/day (109% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance), including an average intake of 11.1 mg/day as supplemental Zn. The mean plasma Zn concentration of group A at 2 months gestation, 71.4 +/- 9.8 micrograms/dl, was 17% lower than that of nonpregnant control women, and continued to decline significantly (p less than 0.01) between 2 and 10 months gestation. Plasma Zn of group B did not differ significantly from group A at any stage of gestation. Mean serum alkaline phosphatase activity of group B was higher than that of group A at 7 of 8 months studied (p less than 0.05). The level of prenatal iron supplementation in group A was negatively correlated with alkaline phosphatase activity and plasma Zn in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters, respectively. It is concluded that an early and progressive decline in plasma Zn which is not influenced by Zn intake occurs during gestation. Tentative standards for lower limits of normal at monthly intervals have been suggested. The higher alkaline phosphatase activity of group B compared with group A suggested that the dietary Zn intake of the latter was suboptimal. Prenatal supplemental iron may adversely affect maternal Zn status.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Interaction of therapeutic attitudes with severity of clinical diagnosis.

Investigated whether therapeutic processes, measured by self-reported attitudes of therapists, are differential or generalized; i.e., whether particular types or all types of patients benefit from a given level of a professed technique. Three therapeutic variables (empathic warmth, directiveness, and uncovering), identified by factor analysis, were studied in interaction with two levels of clinical pathology. A total of 161 patients were seen in psychodynamically oriented individual psychotherapy by 22 therapists. Independent ratings of global improvement were made. Results indicated that high scores on empathic warmth and uncovering appear to be more helpful for patients with neurotic and personality trait disorder diagnoses than for patients with borderline and psychotic diagnoses. Low scores on directiveness seemed to be associated with effectiveness in a more general way (across diagnostic groups). For the most part, reference to therapeutic attitudes as helpful or harmful must take into account the particular diagnostic groups that are being treated.

Adolescent↗