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Biomedical subjects

M A Jackson

Publications and source records attributed to M A Jackson.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

The nature and consequences of forensic psychiatric decision-making.

Data collected from the Metropolitan Toronto Forensic Service (METFORS) were examined to determine factors affecting psychiatric assessments completed for the courts. Psychiatric history is found to be a salient factor for fitness to stand trial decisions; prior violence and the type of charge influence dangerousness to others determinations. Variables affecting whether or not a patient is recommended for further assessment include fitness: 78% of those found fit and 100% of those for whom fitness was unclear were recommended for further assessment in 68% of the cases. Patients who were threatening or acting out were not for the most part hospitalized. Relatively high correlations between psychiatric recommendations derived from these assessments and the actual judicial dispositions suggest that knowledge of the extra legal factors and biases which enter into the decisions should be more widely considered in the legal setting.

Canada↗
PubMed1982

Peroneus longus tendinitis: a possible biomechanical etiology.

Tendinitis of the foot and ankle is becoming increasingly common, or at least more commonly recognized, with the recent widespread interest in running. In runners seen in our clinics we have encountered several cases of peroneus longus tendinitis. The authors present a case report and possible biomechanical etiology for peroneus longus tendinitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Blood hormone profiles in prostate cancer patients in high-risk and low-risk populations.

Epidemiologic data reveal that the incidence rate of prostate gland carcinoma among the black population in the United States (US) is several times higher than among Nigerians. A collaborative study between the two countries was undertaken, and blood hormone (testosterone [T], dihydrotestosterone [DHT], estrone [E1], estradiol [E2], and prolactin [P1]), total acid phosphatase (TP), and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) profiles in the two population groups were compared. In the US groups (patients and controls) there were significantly higher levels of T (P less than 0.01) and E1 (P less than 0.05) compared with the Nigerians. Also, the US patients had significantly higher levels of T (P less than 0.05) and E1 (P less than 0.01) compared with their matched controls. In the Nigerians T but not E1 levels were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in patients compared with controls. DHT, E2, and P1 were not significantly different in patients and controls between and within the populations. Nigerian patients had higher levels (P less than 0.001) of TP and PAP compared with US patients. It is concluded that differences in blood hormone profiles in the two population groups are based on factors other than the genetic makeup of the populations.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1981

Factors involved in the high incidence of prostatic cancer among American blacks.

Microcarcinoma (incidental, latent) of the prostate gland occurred with a frequency of 11.7% and at an age-adjusted incidence rate (world standard) of 40.6% per 1000 necropsies in the sampled black male population. The frequency of microcarcinoma of the prostate in black males in Washington, D.C., is essentially the same as the frequency of latent carcinoma in other ethnic groups and in other geographic areas. Of the patients studied clinically, fifty-one percent (51%) were in low stage (Stages I and II) disease; sixty-three percent (62.7%) had a well differentiated, Grade I, carcinoma of the prostate; and forty-two percent (42.4%) were in the 65-74 age group. Mean plasma testosterone and estrone levels were significantly higher in cancer patients than in age-matched hospitalized controls. The factor with the highest risk ratio was urinary tract symptoms occurring 10 years or longer before the onset of the present complaints which led to the diagnosis or prostatic carcinoma. Although our studies did not directly implicate diet as a risk factor, published reports strongly suggest diet as a critical factor in the development of prostatic carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Characterization of prostatic carcinoma among blacks: a comparison between a low-incidence area, Ibadan, Nigeria, and a high-incidence area, Washington, DC.

A comparison of carcinoma of the prostate gland in a low-incidence Nigerian (Ibadan) population and a high-incidence U.S. Afro-American (Washington, D.C.) population was the purpose for this study, initiated in 1973. The frequency of carcinoma (micro- and invasive) was determined in consecutive necropsy cases from hospitals in Ibadan, Nigeria, Accra, Ghana and Washington, D.C. The results of these clinical, epidemiologic and morphologic studies are reported. Clinically, the peak incidence of carcinoma of the prostate in Nigerian males in Ibadan and in American males in Washington, D.C. was in the 65-74 age group. The median age of patients was 66.4 years in Ibadan and 69.2 years in Washington, D.C. Seventy-five percent of Nigerian and 49% of American patients were in stages III and IV. Overall, the distribution by grade of neoplasms in surgical material from Ibadan and Washington, D.C. was similar. Plasma testosterone and estrone levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001) in U.S. patients than in U.S. controls and higher (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05) in U.S. patients than in Nigerian patients with prostatic carcinoma. Plasma testosterone levels were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in Nigerian patients than in Nigerian controls. Estrone levels were not significantly different in Nigerian patients than controls. Nigerian patients were more sexually active throughout their lives than American patients; however, they reported a higher incidence of impotence than U.S. patients in the immediate 5 years preceding the diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma. Nigerian respondents (patients and controls) arrived at puberty later than their American counterparts. Within each of the two population groups, the factor with the highest relative risk ratio was lower urinary tract symtoms occurring 10 years or longer before the onset of the present complaints which led to the diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma. Nigerian and U.S. patients were more sexually active than controls. Microcarcinoma (incidental, latent) of the prostate gland occurred with a frequency of 11.8% and at an age-adjusted incidence rate (world standard) of 40.6 per 1000 necropsies in the sampled U.S. black male population. The age-adjusted incidence rate (world standard) for microcarcinoma in the combined West African (Accra and Ibadan) series (36.7/1000) was almost equal to the rate (40.6/1000) in the Washington, D.C. series.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Dietary management of chronic renal failure with oral amino acids.

6 patients in end-stage renal failure of varying aetiologies have been studied on low protein dietary regiments according to a P 6 formulation. All patients had part of their daily protein allowance substituted by an essential amino acid capsule also containing histidine and glutamic acid. All patients were maintained in nutritional balance as a result of the regiments prescribed. No toxic effects were noted and patient compliance was good. Our studies suggest the amino acid formulation given is safe and did not cause any fluctuations in patient plasma amino acid profiles. Our studies suggest an improved method of low protein dietary management for chronic renal failure patients together with a greater flexibility and wider range of prescribing possibilities. It is recommended that amino acid supplements according to the formula produced here constitute an improvement on currently prescribed Giovannetti regimens.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Incidence of prostatic calcification in blacks in Washington, D.C., and selected African cities. Correlation of specimen roentgenographs and pathologic findings. Cooperative Prostatic Research Group.

The incidence of calcification in the prostate gland of black men from Washington, D.C., and from Ibadan, Nigeria, and Accra, Ghana, West Africa, was assessed in a total of 874 consecutive, unselected prostate specimens removed at autopsy during a five-year period (1973--1978). In the combined series there was a significant positive association between prostatic calcification and age (p less than 0.001). The frequency of calcification was significantly higher in the Washington, D.C. series than in the West African series at all age levels (p less than 0.001). This difference most likely reflects the different dietary patterns of the two population groups.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Prevention of amino acid losses during peritoneal dialysis.

The addition of amino acid supplements to peritoneal dialysis fluid has been studied in 8 patients with compromised renal function requiring peritoneal dialysis. By the addition of 10 ml of Vamin-glucose solution to each one litre of peritoneal dialysate, amino acid losses were curtailed, no significant alterations occurred in the plasma amino acid concentrations, there were no local complications and no infections were seen. This procedure is recommended as a safe, simple way of keeping a patient in positive amino acid balance during peritoneal dialysis.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1979

Evaluation of a high nitrogen source amino acid solution ('Aminofusin' L Forte).

A new high concentration nitrogen source solution ('Aminofusin' L Forte) was evaluated in 9 patients requiring complete parenteral nutrition regimens. Excellent clinical tolerance was observed and the solution proved capable of maintaining patients in nitrogen balance. Although the non-essential part of the amino acid profile is incomplete, no significant deviations from the normal range in plasma amino acid concentrations were noted. It is concluded that the solution is a useful addition to the range of amino acid preparations available for intravenous feeding.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effect of acute smoke exposure on hepatic protein synthesis.

In vivo hepatic protein synthesis was monitored in female rats under control and smoke-exposed conditions. During the 15 min period after i.v. administration of [3H]proline protein synthesis was 206 +/- 35 nmol of proline per mg of DNA for sham-control animals. When animals were subjected to acute exposure to cigarette smoke, protein synthesis was inhibited and the extent of inhibition was positively correlated with the dosage of smoke (32%, 15 puffs; 66%, 60 puffs). The inhibitory effect of whole smoke on protein synthesis was unaltered by passing the smoke through either charcoal or cambridge filters. Carbon monoxide in smoke is not removed by either type of filter. At a level comparable to that in cigarette smoke carbon monoxide depressed hepatic protein synthesis to the same extent as did whole or filtered smoke.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Comparison of the effects of keto acid analogues and essential amino acids on nitrogen homeostasis in uremic patients on moderately protein-restricted diets.

Comparisons of isonitrogenous supplements (1.2 g N) of essential amino acids and five keto acid analogues with four essential amino acids were made in seven patients with stable chronic renal failure (creatinine clearance, 4.6 to 16 ml/min) on moderately protein-restricted diets (4.60 to 7.8 g N per day). Full nitrogen balance data on the four patients who have already completed studies lasting 24 weeks are presented. No benefits of keto acid over amino acid supplements were observed. Two transient episodes of hypercalcemia occurred during keto acid treatment. There was no improvement of renal function with keto acids. Also, no carry-over effects were seen after keto acid treatment. It is concluded that any beneficial effects of keto acids in patients with chronic renal failure are only likely to occur in those taking a diet of less than 30 g protein daily.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Blue nevus of the prostate: ultrastructural study.

A case of blue nevus of the prostate in a sixty-five-year-old black patient was studied by light and electron microscopy. In the melanocytes only fully melanized melanosomes were present; melanosomes in early stages of development were entirely absent. It was concluded that the formation of melanosomes within the melanocytes in blue nevus of the prostate is probably under genetic control.

Aged↗