Gapology--the study of gaps in the nursing knowledge base.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M A Imle.
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Naturalistic inquiry was used to compare the characteristics of families of origin of homeless women with never-homeless women. The women's experiences in their families of origin were explored during in-depth interviews using Lofland and Lofland's conceptions of meanings, practices, episodes, roles, and relationships to guide the analysis. The two groups were similar with respect to family abuse history, transience, and loss. The never-homeless women had support from an extended family member who provided unconditional love, protection, a sense of connection, and age-appropriate expectations, as contrasted with homeless women who described themselves as being without, disconnected, and having to be little adults in their families of origin. The experience of family love and connection seemed to protect never-homeless women from the effects of traumatic life events in childhood. These findings provide support for the influence of a woman's family of origin as a precursor to homelessness.
The extensive care provided by families to their elderly relatives in the home is well documented. Although family caregiving is likely to be continued during hospitalization of elderly relatives, limited research has been conducted to address the nature of family care for hospitalized elders. The main purpose of this qualitative study was to refine the content domain of family care for hospitalized elders. Altogether 25 interviews were done. Of the 16 participants, 6 were family members, 6 were patients, and 4 were nurses; 7 participants were interviewed once and 9 participants were interviewed twice. Qualitative analysis based on Lofland and Lofland's (1984, 1995) approach resulted in the identification of three major content domains: family members providing care to the patient, working together with the health care team, and taking care of themselves. This typology suggests a shift of research in this area from its current focus on family needs to a view of family caregivers as partners with the health care team.
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This article raises issues about the retention of qualitative validity while establishing psychometric estimates of reliability and validity for a scale that was developed from inductively generated concepts to assess and evaluate the learning needs and concerns of expectant parents in the trimester before their baby's birth. A set of practical procedures for pilot testing qualitatively based scales is described. The three procedures, which provide estimates of clarity, apparent internal consistency, and content validity, preserve the assumptions underlying qualitative methods. The ratings from these procedures have provided a base for item and scale revisions and formal quantitative testing.