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Biomedical subjects

M A Hussein

Publications and source records attributed to M A Hussein.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Transfusing platelets 2 h after the completion of amphotericin-B decreases its detrimental effect on transfused platelet recovery and survival.

Platelet transfusion support is required during bone marrow aplasia following ablative chemotherapy and bone marrow progenitor cell transplantation (BMT). Amphotericin-B is frequently given to these patients, both therapeutically and prophylactically, and has been described to have a negative impact on the results of platelet transfusions. We conducted a prospective study of the effect of amphotericin-B on transfused platelet recovery and survival in 81 BMT or acute leukaemia patients. One hundred and ninety-five platelet transfusions administered to 81 consecutive patients were analysed. The platelets were transfused 2 h after the completion of amphotericin-B. Using this schedule resulted in no effect of amphotericin-B on platelet recovery or survival, although platelet increments were modestly depressed in patients receiving high- vs. low-dose amphotericin-B. We conclude that the timing of amphotericin-B infusion be evaluated in patients demonstrating poor platelet recovery and survival. Transfusing platelets at least 2 h after the completion of amphotericin-B decreases the detrimental effect of this antifungal agent on transfused platelet recovery and survival.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1996

The effect of lymphocytotoxic antibody reactivity on the results of single antigen mismatched platelet transfusions to alloimmunized patients.

Despite selection strategies that attempt to maximize the platelet donor pool, significant numbers of alloimmunized patients have few if any available donors. Although the number of potential donors increases when one antigen mismatched platelet transfusions (OAMPT) are considered, transfusions from such donors are often cited to fail to produce satisfactory platelet count increments. The presence of lymphocytotoxic antibody (LCTAB) correlates well with responsiveness to random donor platelet transfusions and serves as a good serologic screen for the diagnosis of alloimmunization. We therefore reviewed the results of OAMPT to alloimmunized patients and assessed the relationship between LCTAB levels in the recipient and posttransfusion platelet count increments. We noted an unexpectedly high percentage of good responses in our patient population: 73% of all OAMPT to recipients with LCTAB < 60% reactive, resulted in successful increments. In recipients with LCTAB > or = 60%, 58% of all transfusions were still successful. Despite a statistically significant inverse relationship between the level of LCTAB and the response of OAMPT to alloimmunized patients, 58% to 73% of recipients will have a satisfactory platelet recovery posttransfusion. These data support extending donor searches for alloimmunized patients to include any single mismatch particularly if a recipient's LCTAB has lower reactivity.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1996

Modulation of idiotypic and antiidiotypic immunoglobulin G responses in an alloimmune thrombocytopenic patient associated with extracorporeal protein A immunoadsorption.

In the present case study, a patient with Non-Hodgkin. Lymphoma underwent combination chemotherapy resulting in severe pancytopenia requiring transfusion support with blood products. The patient became refractory to random donor platelet transfusions and subsequently received five immunoadsorption treatments. The patient's clinical response to immunoadsorption therapy was assessed by monitoring platelet transfusion recovery and survival. In addition, changes in antibody responses were assessed. Early during the course of immunoadsorption therapy, antiplatelet immunoglobulin G (IgG) alloantibody was detected. There was a decline in antiplatelet IgG alloantibody levels by the last immunoadsorption treatment associated with increases to platelet correct count increments after completion of immunoadsorption therapy. In addition, elevated levels of antiidiotypic IgG antibody detected early during the course of therapy were significantly reduced by the last immunoadsorption treatment. This case study suggests that specific alloimmune idiotypic IgG antibody and corresponding antiidiotypic IgG antibody responses may be modulated in association with extracorporeal immunoadsorption employing protein A/silica columns.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Host-parasite relationships of Wuchereria bancrofti and mosquito hosts, Culex pipiens L. and Aedes caspius pallas.

We compared the defense mechanisms directed against Wuchereria bancrofti by a filaria susceptible mosquito, Culex pipiens, and a refractory one, Aedes caspius. The reciprocal deleterious effects of both the mosquito host and its parasite are reported. Anatomical and histological examinations of mosquitoes revealed minor differences in the general structure of the foregut of either species. The cibarial pump of Ae. caspius, however, lacked a cibarial armature and damage inflicted to some of the microfilariae (mf) ingested by this mosquito was not mechanical. In contrast, the cibarial armature of Cx. pipiens consisted of 24 delicate teeth which did not seem to affect ingested mf. The peritrophic membrane (pm) did not constitute a significant barrier to mf migrating through the midgut wall of either mosquito. Indeed, mf forced their way out into the hemocoel, immediately after they have been ingested, and up to 60 min post-feeding, when the pm was still thin and soft. It hardened 16 h post-feeding. Traversing mf perforated the pm and displaced the basement membrane. Within the thorax of Cx. pipiens, the parasite completed its development synchronously. In contrast, mf ingested by Ae. caspius did not develop beyond the sausage stage, and many of these larvae were vacuolated. In both mosquitoes, parasitized thoracic muscle fibers were tunnelled and, only in Ae. caspius, their nuclei were pyknotic. No worm encapsulation or melanization was observed in either mosquito. It is concluded that defense lines to invading parasites in Cx. pipiens are insignificant, and that in Ae. caspius, the main barrier to parasite development resides within the thoracic muscles. In the absence of cellular evidence, it is suggested that such a barrier is physiological in nature.

Aedes↗
PubMed1996

Therapeutic efficacy of povidone-iodine (Betadine) and dichloroxylenol (Septocid) in Holstein cows affected with endometritis and/or cervicitis.

The efficacy of either povidone-iodine (Betadine) or dichloroxylenol (Septocid) intrauterine infusions on the treatment of endometritis and/or cervicitis in cows was examined. One hundred and twelve repeat-breeder Holstein cows (aged 3-7 years) were selected for this study. Rectal and vaginal examinations were applied to detect the signs of endometritis and/or cervicitis. Cows were assigned into two groups: the first group (n = 60) was treated with Betadine solution (0.5%) while the second group (n = 52) was given Septocid (0.1%) administered as intrauterine infusion (100-150 ml). Both treatment were repeated at least two times at 7-day intervals and the cows were rechecked. The responding animals were inseminated 10-12 h after oestrus detection using frozen semen from bulls of proven fertility. The success or failure of treatment was evaluated on the basis of the post-treatment conception rate. The relationship of the body weight of cows, the length of the service period (open days) and the number of previous services with the results of treatment with Betadine or Septocid is discussed. The recovery and conception rates obtained after Betadine treatment were better than those obtained after Septocid. Moreover, healthy cows (> or = 500 kg body weight) and those inseminated before post-partum day 180, having no more than 4-7 previous services, responded well to either Betadine or Septocid treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Water sources and environmental transmission of multiply resistant enteric bacteria in rural Bangladesh.

The role of different water sources in the spread of multiply resistant enteric bacteria was investigated in rural Bangladesh. The prevalence of resistance to commonly used antimicrobial agents in the faecal flora of village children and the water quality and prevalence of resistance in village water sources were studied. Most of the children studied (81%) had multiply resistant faecal coliform bacteria, i.e. bacteria resistant to at least three antimicrobials. Although tubewells provided water with low faecal coliform counts, 62% of household storage pots contained water with moderate to high counts. Most of the storage pots (76%) and each of the river and pond sites tested contained multiply resistant isolates. Contamination of water within the household, and the widespread distribution of resistant coliforms in the environment, contribute to the high prevalence of multiply resistant enteric flora in the community. These findings are of importance in understanding the spread of multiply resistant enteric pathogens.

Ampicillin Resistance↗
PubMed1992

Selection of histocompatible apheresis platelet donors by cross-matching random donor platelet concentrates.

It can be impossible to identify compatible platelet donors for alloimmunized patients whose HLA type cannot be determined or who have uncommon HLA types. We have previously shown that histocompatible donors can be rapidly identified by "mass screening" of platelet concentrates (PC), which are readily available in all blood banks, using a solid-phase adherence platelet cross-matching technique. Compatible PC were given to five alloimmunized patients with multispecific HLA antibodies refractory to random donor (RD) PC and selected single-donor platelet transfusions. After transfusions which produced satisfactory responses, we identified the original whole blood donors to serve as apheresis donors. Thus, the donors selected were compatible in vitro by cross-matching, and in vivo by transfusion. Only 3% to 13% of PC cross-matched for these alloimmunized patients were potentially compatible and it was necessary to screen large numbers (65 to 205 U) of PC per patient. Eighteen of 22 PC-selected transfusions produced satisfactory increments, allowing selection of 12 donors, all of whom were willing to undergo apheresis. Ten of 12 of these single-donor transfusions were successful; the two unsuccessful transfusions were infused 2 weeks after the initial PC cross-match and were still compatible with the original serum, but incompatible with more recent serum, demonstrating a change in antibody reactivity. The HLA types of the successful single donors selected by PC cross-matching differed widely from the patients' HLA types and, therefore, these donors would not have been selected by standard approaches using HLA typing. Cross-matching large numbers of RD PC for the identification of apheresis donors is helpful in the management of the alloimmunized patient and may be of particular utility for blood centers that do not have access to HLA-typed donor pools.

Blood Component Removal↗
PubMed1990

The histochemical localization of ATPase, cholinesterase and acid phosphatase activity in Culex pipiens (Diptera, Culicidae) larvae using a methacrylate embedding technique.

A method is described for the demonstration of ATPase, Cholinesterase and acid phosphatase activity in thin sections of mosquito larvae fixed in 1:9 v/v mixture of acetone and 10% neutral buffered formalin and embedded in hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). ATPase activity, observed as a black brown precipitate, was found in the brush border of gastric caeca and microvilli of columnar epithelial cells of the hind gut and Malpighian tubules. Some basal cell membrane activity could also be seen. Cholinesterase activity was found in thoracic and abdominal ganglia. The reaction product had a fine particulate appearance and predominated in the axonal processes. Azo dye reaction product indicative of acid phosphatase activity was found in the epithelial cells of the midgut and gastric caeca. Lysosomal and extra-lysosomal activity was observed, the larger secondary lysosomal sources predominating in the perinuclear region. The fixation regime and embedding procedure outlined has enabled a sub-cellular localization of enzymatic activities which is superior to that obtainable with conventional procedures.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1990

Incubation of platelet concentrates before transfusion does not improve posttransfusion recovery.

Incubation of stored platelet concentrates (PCs) at 37 degrees C for 1 hour has been reported to result in a better morphology score and improved platelet recovery. A study was conducted in adult patients with leukemia to determine whether incubation of stored PCs results in an improved platelet recovery as measured by 10-minute posttransfusion corrected count increments (CCI). Eligible patients had platelet counts of less than 30,000 per microL and were clinically stable. Patients were transfused with 6 to 10 units of PC stored for 3 days (15 studies) or 4 days (5 studies). Platelets were pooled and then split in two equal volumes so that each patient received two sequential half-transfusions, one incubated at 37 degrees C for 1 hour and the other kept at 22 degrees C for 1 hour. Patients were randomized as to which half-transfusion was received first. The mean CCI of the incubated half-transfusions was 13.6 x 10(3) when they were given first and 14.5 x 10(3) when given second; this was not significantly different from the mean CCI of the nonincubated half-transfusions: 13.8 x 10(3) when they were given first and 13.8 x 10(3) when given second. In contrast to earlier reports, it can be concluded that incubation of pooled PCs does not improve platelet recovery.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Methacrylate embedding as a new technique for histopathological studies on the effect of Bacillus thuringiensis against Culex pipiens.

Studies on the pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis in Egypt and its possible role as a biological control agent have been reviewed. More emphasis in research was given to some lepidopterous cotton pests and few other species. Histopathological changes in B. thuringiensis treated larvae could be observed in the midgut. The methacrylate embedding technique achieved satisfactory results in concern of better preservation of histological fine details.

Acrylates↗
PubMed1989

Insect growth regulators: I. Biological activity of some IGR's against the susceptible and resistant strains of Culex pipiens larvae. II. Pattern of cross resistance to IGR's in carbaryl-resistant strain.

The biological activity and cross-resistance of some IGR's, Dimilin, BAY SIR 8514 and Chlorofluzuron against susceptible and carbaryl-resistant strains of Culex pipiens were determined. The results indicated that these compounds are highly effective against the larvae of C. pipiens but more potent larvicides against the susceptible larvae than against the resistant ones. The pattern of cross-resistance to the used IGR's in the carbaryl-resistant strain were obtained. The data revealed no three IGR's as larvicides against the susceptible and resistant Culex pipiens. The pattern of cross resistance to other potent IGR's was also studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effect of Bacillus sphaericus and Bacillus thuringiensis on acid-phosphatase activity of mosquito larvae, Culex pipiens and Aedes caspius.

The use of Bacillus sphaericus and B. thuringiensis H-14 form one of the important group of biological control agent against mosquito larvae. Acid phosphatase enzyme plays a significant role in determining susceptibility of mosquito larvae to both bacterial species. Biochemical assay showed activation in acid phosphatase in Culex pipiens and Aedes caspius treated with B. thuringiensis. Variation in acid phosphatase activity occurred in both mosquitoes treated with B. sphaericus, while there was no change in acid phosphatase activity in A. caspius. An obvious increase in activity in C. pipiens treated with the same bacteria was observed.

Acid Phosphatase↗