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Biomedical subjects

M A Harvey

Publications and source records attributed to M A Harvey.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Results of the consensus conference on fostering more humane critical care: creating a healing environment. Society of Critical Care Medicine.

The Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) sponsored the Consensus Conference on Fostering More Human Care Creating a Healing Environment in October 1990 at Snowbird, Utah. The purpose of this conference was to address the challenges of providing sensitive, humane critical care in an increasingly technological and cost-conscious environment. The long-term objective was to develop this document (initially published by SCCM in 1992) as a resource for critical care professionals who are seeking methods by which to foster more humane care of their acutely ill patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Looking into a deaf child's future. A brief treatment approach.

This article describes the brief psychotherapeutic treatment of a hearing mother who reported obsessional thoughts about her deaf child's future. The article was written jointly by the therapist and the client. Clinical hypnosis was used to modify the mother's negative images of her child's future. Structured meetings between the mother, a vocational counselor, and deaf adults affirmed and expanded the more positive images. Theoretical descriptions and personal sentiments are offered.

Child↗
PubMed1984

Studies of chloroplast thylakoid proteins using monoclonal antibodies.

Several monoclonal antibodies have been produced against partially purified photosystem I reaction center complexes isolated from spinach chloroplasts. One of the clones was shown to be highly specific for the 28,000 and 27,000 dalton subunits of purified light harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding complex. Studies with thylakoids suggest at least a portion of the light harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein molecules are exposed on a normally inaccessible surface of the membrane.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1984

Family therapy with deaf persons: the systemic utilization of an interpreter.

This paper discusses the theory and practice of providing family therapy to families in which there are hearing parents and at least one Deaf child, particularly regarding the optimal utilization of an interpreter. The therapist must be knowledgeable about the psychosocial effects of deafness, the cultural aspects of deafness, and preferably be able to use American Sign Language and Signed English. The therapeutic benefit of utilizing an interpreter extends far beyond simply facilitating communication between each family member whose primary-language is either spoken English or Sign Language. The presence of an interpreter helps the therapist to modify family rules that deny the implications of deafness and prohibit the use of Sign Language, to modify the balance of power in the family, and to encourage participants to exhibit the ego defense mechanisms of projection and transference. The family therapist can utilize those subtle yet profound influences to therapeutic advantage.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1981

Suggested limits to the use of the hot tub and sauna by pregnant women.

Because of reports of the potential risk of maternal hyperthermia to a developing embryo or fetus, studies were done to determine the length of time a woman must stay in a hot tub or sauna before her temperature reaches 38.9 degrees C. The vaginal temperatures of 20 nonpregnant women of childbearing age were recorded while they sat in hot tubs set at 39.0 degrees C or 41.1 degrees C and in a sauna with an average temperature of 81.4 degrees C. Five women were able to remain in the 39.0 degrees C tub and six in the 41.1 degrees C tub until their temperature reached 38.9 degrees C, but in none did their temperature reach that level before 15 minutes in the 39.0 degrees C tub or 10 minutes in the 41.1 degrees C tub. The remainder left in discomfort while their body temperatures were lower. This indicates that the usual use of hot tubs is unlikely to raise a woman's body temperature to potentially teratogenic levels, although prolonged use may. None of the women were able to remain in the sauna long enough for their temperature to reach 39.9 degrees C.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Differential major histocompatibility complex-related activation of idiotypic suppressor T cells. Suppressor T cells cross-reactive to two distantly related lysozymes are not induced by one of them.

B10 (H-2b) mice are genetic nonresponders to hen egg-white lysozyme (HEL) and the distantly related human lysozyme (HUL). However, anti-HEL or anti-HUL primary antibody responses in vivo or in vitro can be obtained in B10 mice by immunization with the appropriate lysozyme coupled to erythrocytes. T cells able to suppress either anti-lysozyme plaque-forming cells (PFC) response are induced in B10 mice after immunization with HEL-complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or HUL-CFA. This cross-reactivity of HEL and HUL in the induction and the expression of suppressive activity is in marked contrast to their very low cross-reactivity at the PFC level. These results suggest that either HEL or HUL can stimulate a suppressor T cell which recognizes a particular epitope present on both lysozymes. Suppressor cells induced by HEL or HUL bear the same predominant idiotype found on the majority of anti-HEL antibodies, and on the small proportion of anti-HUL antibodies cross-reactive with HEL. B10.Q (H-2q) mice are responders in vivo to HEL-CFA, but not to HUL-CFA. In contrast to B10, HEL-CFA priming in B10.Q micr induces helper cells whereas HUL-CFA priming induces suppressor cells. These suppressor cells are cross-reactive with HEL and are fully able to suppress HEL-specific helper cells. The presence of HEL-specific suppressor cell precursors in B10.Q mice which are not activated by HEL, seems to implicate differential choice by the antigen presenting system as a basis for Ir gene control, rather than the absence of a regulatory cell type from the T cell repertoire.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Epitope specificity of the T cell proliferative response to lysozyme: proliferative T cells react predominantly to different determinants from those recognized by B cells.

The fine specificity of murine B 10.A/SgSn (B 10.A) T cells reactive with hen egg-white lysozyme (HEL) has been studied through the use of reduced, carboxymethylated HEL, a set of peptides encompassing the entire molecule, and a set of variant lysozymes from other species. Cells were taken from the lymph nodes draining the site of immunization at the base of the tail, and were restimulated in vitro with immunogen or analogue to measure T cell reactivity. Unlike B cell reactivity, which we have shown to be mainly associated with an epitope preserved in the N-C peptide (residues 1--17, Cys6--Cys 127, 120--129) most T cell reactivity appears to be directed towards a limited number of determinants on cyanogen bromide cleavage fragment II of HEL (LII) (13--105). This was confirmed by a cell-dilution assay in which antigen-reactive units are measured; reactivity was highest to LII, intermediate to N-C, and low but significant to cyanogen bromide cleavage fragment III (LIII) (106--129). Furthermore, priming with LII is as effective as immunization with HEL and results in the same extensive cross-reactivities to variant lysozymes. Although LII reactivity predominates in the response to HEL, injection of LIII and N-C reveals sizeable reactivity to the homologous peptides and to HEL. By cross-stimulation studies, specific epitopes could be defined in certain regions of HEL. B 10.A is clearly responsive to the overlap between N-C and LII (residues 13--17), and to an epitope in the region 106--121, but is poorly responsive to the C-terminal portion (120--129). The response to 106--121 is characterized by an exquisite specificity in which as little as a single amino acid substitution (Asn for Gln) is recognized.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Ir-gene control of T cell proliferative responses: two distinct expressions of the genetically nonresponsive state.

Two distinct modes of unresponsiveness to hen egg-white lysozyme (HEL) have been demonstrated in the "nonresponder" C57BL/10 Sn (B 10) mouse strain at the level of T cell proliferation. The first is an apparent inability to respond to a peptide of HEL comprising 70% of the molecule, LII (amino acids 13--105, when HEL is used as immunogen. On its own, LII is capable of eliciting a strong response from B 10 draining lymph node cells, but this capacity is concealed when the whole molecule is used for immunization (by suppressor cell activity raised against another part of HEL, as described by Adorini et al., J.Exp. Med. 1979. 150: 293). In the B 10.A mouse, LII and HEL are equally immunogenic. The second is an actual failure, presumably unrelated to suppression, to contrive a response to particular determinants on HEL, demonstrated for certain epitopes on LII and LIII (amino acids 106--129). Such a failure to respond was maintained despite an increase in the immunizing dose of peptide to a molarity at which HEL itself could overcome Ir gene control. B 10 cells responding to a high dose of HEL, or to the immunogenic lysozyme from ring-neck pheasant, were also unable to respond to these epitopes. These deficits in responsiveness appear to be characteristic manifestations of the relevant haplotype of the major histocompatibility complex. They may not only reflect the balance between competing T cell subpopulations, but also the constraints of associative recognition that may underlie the presentation of particular antigenic specificities.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

A predominant idiotype on anti-hen egg white lysozyme antibodies from diverse mouses strains.

A predominant idiotype was detected on almost all antibody molecules directed against the multideterminant antigen, hen egg white lysozyme (HEL). This idiotypic set was defined by rabbit and quinea pig antiidiotypic antisera raised against a rare cross-reactive antibody population isolated and from a heterogeneous BALB/c anti-human lysozyme (HUL) humoral response. This isiotype was fond on the majority of all HEL-reactive antibody from all strain tested; its presence was independent of Ig-1 allotype of H-2 haplotype. The idiotype was also present on the majority of anti-HEL antibody from nonresponder mice immunized with keyhole limpet hemocyanin coupled to HEL. The idiotype was not found on normal mouse immunoglobulin or on antibodies specific to two other proteins, HUL and ribonuclease, which are similar to HEl in size and charge. Individual idiotype-positive anti-HEL antibody populations exhibited specificity differences when analyzed for reactivity toward other avian lysozymes, suggesting that distinct clonal products shared the idiotype specificities. Fractionation of heterogeneous anti-HEL antibodies by preparative isoelectric focusing yielded distinct antibody fractions that were demonstrated to share the relevant idiotype determinants. The data are discussed in terms of the HEL peptide specificites of idiotype-positive and -negative antibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Lysozyme-induced T-suppressor cells and antibodies have a predominant idiotype.

The existence of shared idiotypic determinants on the surfaces of T and B cells is now firmly established, suggesting that on both these cell types immunoglobulin variable regions are expressed which presumably function as antigen receptors. In most systems this has been inferred through the use of anti-idiotypic antibody instead of antigen to induce either helper or suppressor T cells. Recent evidence demonstrates that antigen-specific suppressor or helper factors can also bear idiotypic determinants. It is possible that these factors represent released receptors or portions of receptors. We show here the direct elimination of an antigen-induced T-suppressor population by an anti-idiotypic serum and complement. These suppressor T cells as well as the idiotypic population used to generate the antiserum are each specific for the same limited portion of the multi-determinant antigen, lysozyme. Apparently, these suppressor cells are restricted in specificity as well as share idiotypy with antibodies of the same specificity.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Fine specificity of regulatory T cells. II. Suppressor and helper T cells are induced by different regions of hen egg-white lysozyme in a genetically nonresponder mouse strain.

We have examined the ability of two purified peptide fragments derived from hen (chicken) egg-white lysozyme (HEL); N-terminal, Co-terminal peptide (a.a. 1--17:cys 6--cys 127:120--129) and mixed disulfide LII peptide (LII) (a.a. 13--105) to induce antigen-specific suppression or help in B10 (H-2b) nonresponder and B10.A (H-2a) responder mice. An anti-HEL primary in vitro antibody response can be obtained in either strain by stimulation with HEL coupled to erythrocytes (RBC). Preimmunization with HEL-complete Freund's adjuvant-(CFA) or N-C-CFA-induced suppression of the anti-HEL PFC response to HEL-RBC in spleen cell cultures from B10 mice, whereas helper activity was demonstrated in cultures from B10.A mice similarly immunized. LII-CFA priming elicited helper cells in both C57BL/10 Sn (B10) and B10.A/SgSn (B10.A) mice. The genetic nonresponsiveness of B10 mice to HEL can therefore be attributed to the activation of suppressor T cells by a limited portion of the molecule (e.g., N-C) which prevent the potential response directed against other epitopes on the same molecule (e.g., LII). One manifestation of major histocompatibility complex gene activity appears to be the intramolecular selection of different antigenic determinants leading to activation of functionally different T-cell subpopulations.

Amino Acid Sequence↗