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Biomedical subjects

M A Haleem

Publications and source records attributed to M A Haleem.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Stress and hypertension: role of serum, red cell and tissue electrolytes.

The role of stress in the precipitation of hypertension is often described in clinical studies, although the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The present study concerns the role of electrolytes in stress induced hypertension in rats. Acute immobilization stress of one hour elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) in rats. Restraint induced blood pressure elevation was associated with increased sodium concentration in the red cells, heart and kidney, and decreased potassium in the red cells. Magnesium concentration increased and calcium concentration decreased in the serum. Increases of calcium and decreases of magnesium were also observed in the heart and kidney tissues. The results may help toward an understanding of the relationship between hypertension and electrolyte homeostasis. A possible role of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity leading to observed changes of electrolytes or vice versa is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Electrolyte content of serum, erythrocyte, kidney and heart tissue in salt induced hypertensive rats.

The effect of salt load on the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and electrolyte levels of serum, erythrocyte, kidney and heart tissue was studied in rats. NaCl treatment increased sodium (5.69 +/- 0.4 mmol/L p < 0.001, 149.8 +/- 4.0 mEq/L, p < 0.001) and decreased potassium (112.6 +/- 2.4 mmol/L p < 0.001, 5.0 +/- 0.2 mEq/L, p < 0.001) in red cell and serum respectively. A decreased level of serum magnesium (1.4 +/- 0.3 mEq/L, p < 0.005) was observed. Sodium content was increased in both heart (39.93 +/- 2.9 mumol/g, p = n.s) and kidney tissues (44.39 +/- 0.5 mumol/g, p < 0.001). A pronounced increase in intracellular calcium (2.54 +/- 0.2 mumol/g, p < 0.001) and a decrease of magnesium content (6.05 +/- 0.8 mumol/g, p < 0.001) was observed in kidney tissue after treatment. The results suggested that marked changes in electrolyte levels of erythrocytes, serum, heart and kidney tissues in NaCl loaded rats may play a definite role in the development of salt induced hypertension.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

24h withdrawal following repeated administration of caffeine attenuates brain serotonin but not tryptophan in rat brain: implications for caffeine-induced depression.

Caffeine injected at doses of 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg increased brain levels of tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) in rat brain. In view of a possible role of 5-HT in caffeine-induced depression the effects of repeated administration of high doses of caffeine on brain 5-HT metabolism are investigated in rats. Caffeine was injected at doses of 80 mg/kg daily for five days. Control animals were injected with saline daily for five days. On the 6th day caffeine (80 mg/kg) injected to 5 day saline injected rats increased brain levels of tryptophan, 5-HT and 5-HIAA. Plasma total tryptophan levels were not affected and free tryptophan increased. Brain levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA but not tryptophan decreased in 5 day caffeine injected rats injected with saline on the 6th day. Plasma total and free tryptophan were not altered in these rats. Caffeine-induced increases of brain tryptophan but not 5-HT and 5-HIAA were greater in 5 day caffeine than 5 day saline injected rats. The findings are discussed as repeated caffeine administration producing adaptive changes in the serotonergic neurons to decrease the conversion of tryptophan to 5-HT and this may precipitate depression particularly in conditions of caffeine withdrawal.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1990

Aspiration pneumonia as a cause of death.

This study of aspiration pneumonia is based on postmortem examinations carried out over a decade from 1979 to 1988 at York, on subjects of all ages and both sexes. The purpose of this study was not only to analyse the autopsy findings, but also to find out the real prevalence, the major causes leading to aspiration pneumonia, and its associated clinical features.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Effect of NSAIDS on serum electrolytes and osmolality.

Rabbits and rats were injected two Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (aspirin 300 mg/kg or indomethacin 3 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. One hour after injection blood was analyzed for serum electrolytes and osmolality. Administration of both aspirin and indomethacin in rabbits and rats caused increase in serum sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, magnesium, phosphorus and osmolality. Results suggest the marked similarity in the action of aspirin and indomethacin on electrolytes and osmolality. It is concluded that the ingestion of aspirin and indomethacin can have a major effect on serum electrolytes and osmolality that may influence the interpretation of clinical data in patients taking these drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Three cases of gangrenous ischaemic colitis.

The concept of ischaemic colitis is relatively recent. It is more common in the elderly than is realised, and results from reduction or occlusion of the blood supply to the colon. Three cases of ischaemic colitis in its gangrenous form are reported. The patients died despite all therapeutic measures. Necropsy revealed full thickness gangrene of the involved segment of the colon.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Effect of ethanol on serum electrolytes and osmolality.

Rats and rabbits were injected ethanol 2 g/kg intraperitoneally. One hour after injection blood was analyzed for serum electrolytes and osmolality. Administration of ethanol caused decrease in serum sodium (p less than 0.0005), potassium (p less than 0.0005), calcium (p less than 0.0005), chloride (p less than 0.005), magnesium (p less than 0.0005) in rabbits. Further studies of intraperitoneal administration of ethanol in rats showed decrease in concentration of sodium (p less than 0.025), potassium (p less than 0.025), calcium (p less than 0.01) chloride (p less than 0.005) magnesium (p less than 0.005), phosphorus (p less than 0.025) and glucose (p less than 0.005). Administration of ethanol caused an increase in serum osmolality in both rabbits and rats (p less than 0.005, p less than 0.05). It is concluded that ethanol ingestion is probably the commonest cause of the hyperosmolar state. Although the osmotic and sedative effects of ethanol are pharmacologically unrelated, the presence of ethanol should be considered in comatose patients in whom the measured plasma osmolality appreciably exceeds that predicted on the basis of plasma glucose, urea and electrolytes concentration.

Animals↗