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Biomedical subjects

M A Ford

Publications and source records attributed to M A Ford.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The hydration and electrolyte maintenance properties of an experimental sports drink.

Seven highly trained subjects underwent exercise dehydration without fluid replacement (X), resulting in approximately 1.9% and approximately 3.5% body weight (fluid) losses at one and two hours, respectively. Subsequently, subjects underwent two identical exercise trials with isovolumetric fluid replacement of water (W) and an experimental formulation (Q). An anti-dehydration schedule was initiated prior to, and continued throughout the exercise, with W and Q supplied every 15 minutes at 16 degrees C in volumes related to each subject's fluid loss estimate derived from trial X. A rehydration schedule was maintained for two hours of recovery, with total fluid replacement equivalent to the body weight decrement due to fluid losses. In both W and Q trials, selected physiological indices of work performance were maintained closer to homeostatic levels during exercise, with a more rapid return to pre-exercise resting levels during recovery than during that trial X. Furthermore, W and Q were equally effective in preventing plasma volume changes during exercise and restoration to pre-exercise levels during recovery, as well as in preventing plasma osmolality disturbances during exercise and recovery, although minimal plasma electrolyte changes were associated with Q.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Epidemiology of infection by nontuberculous mycobacteria. IV. Preferential aerosolization of Mycobacterium intracellulare from natural waters.

We report here the first laboratory studies simulating the conditions for natural aerosolization of Mycobacterium intracellulare and M. scrofulaceum and estimate the yields for this pathway of transfer of pathogenic mycobacteria from water to air; M. intracellulare and M. scrofulaceum were both concentrated in droplets ejected from cell suspensions of densities comparable to those found in natural freshwaters (100 to 2,000 colony-forming units per ml). The enrichment factor (defined as the concentration of cells per droplet volume divided by the concentration of cells in the bulk suspension per equivalent volume) for M. intracellulare isolates ranged from 68 to 15,000, with an average of 2,922; for M. scrofulaceum it ranged from 35 to 550, with an average of 177. One factor responsible for the greater aerosolization of M. intracellulare was their aggregation. However, after vortexing, M. intracellulare were still aerosolized more (enrichment factor, 325) than M. scrofulaceum. Increasing salt concentrations enriched the aerosolization of both species, but the number of organisms transferred from water to air did not increase proportionately because the salt decreased the droplet volume. Other waterborne pathogens such as Legionella pneumophila were also enriched and transferred from water to air, indicating that this pathway for possible infection of humans may also be significant for other respiratory diseases.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1980

The effect on plasma lipids of the isoenergetic replacement of table sucrose by dried glucose syrup (maize-syrup solids) in the normal diet of adult men over a period of 1 year.

1. Eighteen males (31-62 years) who habitually consumed significant amounts of table sucrose (approximately 25% of total carbohydrate intake) were supplied with their usual intake of sucrose for consumption in conjunction with their normal diet for 1 year, and a record kept of the amount consumed. The sucrose was then replaced isoenergetically by dried glucose syrup (55 D.E.) which contained saccharin to equate the sweetness to that of sucrose. 2. Fasting blood samples were taken every 4 weeks during the 2 years, and the plasma analysed for glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipid-P by automated colorimetric methods. Dietary questionnaires were issued every 3 months to confirm the subjects were not substantially altering their diets. 3. In subjects whose weight remained unchanged and in those who lost weight there was a significant fall in cholesterol (P less than 0.025) and phospholipid.P (P less than 0.025) in the glucose-syrup period compared with the sucrose period; triglycerides did not change. In subjects who gained weight there was a significant increase in triglycerides (P less than 0.05), but no change in cholesterol; phospholipid-P fell significantly (P less than 0.0005). 4. The dietary modification in this experiment was sufficiently long to ensure that subjects had adapted, and the results obtained show stable changes in blood lipids which may be attributed to the isoenergetic replacement of table sucrose by glucose syrup.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Dandy-Walker syndrome.

The problem of a patient with hydrocephalus, a posterior fossa 'cyst' and a cerebellar malformation is rather rare. Four cases of the syndrome are presented. The clinical manifestations, pathology, radiological investigations and management of the condition are briefly discussed.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Achieving a healthy lifestyle among United States adults: a long way to go.

OBJECTIVE: The United States population has been advised to engage in various healthy lifestyle factors known to be associated with reduced morbidity and mortality from various chronic conditions. These include not smoking, adequate fruit and vegetable intake, adequate physical activity, and normal body weight. Little is known about the prevalence of United States adults who engage in all four of these behaviors, however. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis. SETTING: The third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994). PARTICIPANTS: 16,176 participants aged > or = 21 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Percentage of participants engaging in four healthy lifestyle factors. RESULTS: Overall, 6.8% of the US population engaged in all four healthy lifestyle factors. Women were more likely than men (P = .001), and Whites and participants of "other race or ethnicity" were more likely than African Americans and Mexican Americans to engage in all four healthy lifestyle factors. A significant positive educational gradient was also evident (P for linear trend <.001). The highest percentages of participants engaging in all four lifestyle factors occurred among men (15.8%) and women (18.4%) of "other" race who had at least 13 years of education. The lowest percentages were observed for White men (1.1%) and African-American women (0.9%) with little education. CONCLUSIONS: The small proportion of US adults engaging in four healthy lifestyle factors demonstrates the enormity of the task that awaits the public health community in persuading Americans to adopt a multidimensional healthy lifestyle.

Black or African American↗