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Biomedical subjects

M A Coleman

Publications and source records attributed to M A Coleman.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Mutual support groups to reduce alcohol consumption by pregnant women: marketing implications.

This paper reports on a study of social support and alcohol consumption of 153 women during pregnancy. The majority of women changed their alcohol intake patterns during pregnancy because of concern for the health of the fetus. Most women decreased the amount and frequency of drinking and changed their beverage of choice. Social support was found to be significantly related to reduction in alcohol use during pregnancy. Social support came from relationships with specific individuals and groups of individuals. Health care providers may be able to extend the range of their work by designing specific prevention strategies targeted toward the development and implementation of mutual support groups for pregnant women. The marketing discipline has identified certain characteristics of the mutual benefit association, an organization which exists exclusively for the benefit of its members. The authors propose that the mutual support group, often used to promote health-related behaviors, is a special case of the mutual benefit association; further, that appropriate application of established marketing principles and practices will be effective in promulgating the mutual support group. The authors offer a marketing strategy for the mutual support of pregnant women, a strategy which should be effective in further reducing the alcohol intake of pregnant women.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1990

The workplace. A health services survey in Arkansas.

In an attempt to characterize the status of employee health services (EHS) in Arkansas, a workplace health services survey was developed. Questions were asked regarding availability of employee health services, training and background of the director's of these services, numbers and types of personnel working in the area, record keeping and areas of interest for future training. Fifty-six percent of the 75 manufacturers responding reported having employee health services. Most of these EHS were directed by safety personnel (36%), registered nurses (24%), or licensed practical nurses (24%). Physicians directed only 7% of the programs, while employees with no special training directed 10% of the programs. Our study indicated a need for expansion of formal training programs for Arkansas physicians, nurses and other health professionals in the field of Occupational Health.

Arkansas↗
PubMed1982

Varicella zoster in hospital personnel: skin test reactivity to monitor susceptibility.

An outbreak of chickenpox, involving three patients and one nurse on a pediatric ward, necessitated rapid identification of susceptible employees in conjunction with standard epidemiologic intervention in order to prevent spread to other high-risk patients. Of 46 hospital personnel 15 (33%) gave a negative or unknown history of prior disease. Response to a varicella-zoster skin test was compared with antibody determination as measured by fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen. Correlation of these two screening methods was absolute. Of 46 hospital personnel four (9%) were susceptible to infection (negative skin test and antibody less than 1:4) requiring their removal from the ward. All those with positive histories for prior disease with the virus and 11/15 (73%) with negative or unknown histories were immune as indicated by both tests. A readily available varicella zoster skin test would be an extremely useful epidemiologic tool for screening hospital personnel.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Light alterated changes in the embroynic age versus incubation age of White Leghorn embryos.

White Leghorn eggs were incubated in the dark or under two 20-Watt cool white flourescent tubes. The embryos were collected and staged according to somite number and other anatomical observations. Embryos from lighted eggs were significantly more advanced in embryonic age within 24 hours than embryos from the dark. By the end of 10 days no further acceleration of development by light was significant.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

The effect of light and specific gravity on embryo weight and embryonic mortality.

Eggs from Single Comb White Leghorn chickens were divided into two approximately equal groups with the range of specific gravities being present in each group. One group was incubated in a darkened Humidaire Hatchett while the other was incubated in an identical machine equipped with two 20 Watt fluorescent tubes which produced 8.3 X 10(3) ergs/cm.2-sec. at the surface of the eggs. The recommended temperature and humidity settings were used in both machines. After 7 days of incubation embryos from the lighted incubator were significantly (P less than .01) larger than those incubated in the dark. There were significantly more live embryos from low and high specific gravity eggs in the light than in the dark. There was no difference in embryonic mortality between groups for the eggs with intermediate specific gravities. Embryos from White Leghorn eggs incubated in the presence of light were significantly (P less than .01) larger on each day of incubation from day 2 through hatch. Eggs incubated in the lighted incubator hatched at 18 and 19 days and produced larger chicks than those hatched at 20 and 21 days in the dark.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Photoacceleration of embryonic development in depigmented Japanese quail eggs.

Pigmented and depigmented Japanese quail eggs were incubated either in the presence of a light source for one week or in the dark. Acceleration of embryonic development was apparent by the first day of incubation in the depigmented eggs exposed to light. Embryonic weights of eggs exposed to light were significantly (P less than .05) greater than eggs incubated in the dark by the fourth day of incubation. Air cell temperatures of depigmented eggs were significantly (P less than .05) lower than pigmented eggs by the fourth day of incubation when both groups of eggs were exposed to a light source. Thus photoacceleration appeared to be a real effect, and great enough to overcome the lower egg temperature at which these embryos developed. Embryos developing in lighted depigmented eggs can decrease the hatching time of other groups incubated with them.

Animals↗
PubMed1966

Rubella virus infections during pregnancy, Toronto, 1963-66.

Among 670 pregnant women who attended the antenatal clinics of two Toronto city hospitals and one suburban hospital between May 1963 and January 1966, 29 of 550 patients apparently acquired rubella neutralizing antibodies, including 12 whose initial sera were collected during the first trimester. None developed overt rubella. Although rubella antibodies were detected in 61 to 79% of mothers aged 20 years or more, and antibody conversions were detected in 4 to 10% of mothers in each five-year age group between 16 and 39 years, tho rubella syndrome did not appear among any of their offspring. Five of seven other infants, aged 4 to 22 weeks, with the rubella syndrome excreted rubella virus. Rubella neutralizing antibodies were detected in all seven of these infants; these persisted at least 56 weeks in one subject. One mother who received gamma globulin during the first trimester was delivered of an infant who showed signs of the rubella syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1966

Viral infections of Toronto children during 1965. I. Enteroviral disease.

Enteroviruses were isolated from feces and/or cerebrospinal fluid of 29 of 43 Toronto children who contracted aseptic meningitis, pleurodynia, abdominal pain or febrile upsets between June and October, 1965. Coxsackie A9 virus was the dominant agent in aseptic meningitis and Coxsackie B1 virus in pleurodynia and other syndromes. Sero-logical evidence of recent Coxsackie B1 and Echo 6 infection was obtained in two additional patients with aseptic meningitis who did not yield virus, and elevated Coxsackie B1 antibody titres were found in one patient with pericarditis. A newborn infant died with myocarditis due to Coxsackie B1 virus following infection of the mother during the immediate antenatal period. Paired sera collected only two to four days apart from patients with enteroviral syndromes or mumps meningoencephalitis frequently showed four-fold or greater increases of antibody levels.

Blood↗
PubMedDate not supplied

High-throughput, fluorescence-based screening for soluble protein expression.

Protein expression screening methods are essential for proteomic scale characterization of gene and cDNA expression libraries. Screening methods are also important for the identification of highly expressed protein targets, for example, in quantities suitable for high-throughput screening and protein structural studies. To address these needs, we describe the implementation of several rapid, fluorescence-based protein expression screening strategies using Escherichia coli or E. coli-based in vitro transcription/translation (IVT) systems. In vitro expression screening is fast, convenient and, as we show, correlates well with in vivo expression. For screening, expressed proteins are labeled either as fusions with green fluorescent protein (GFP) or through translational incorporation of a fluorescent amino acid derivative, BODIPY-FL-Lysine. Fluorescence-based detection of GFP fusions or BODIPY-labeled proteins is considerably faster than other common expression screening methods, such as immunological detection of gels or dot blots. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo screening used together yield a larger set of expressed proteins than either method alone. Specifically labeled proteins in cellular lysates are detected in one of three formats: a microplate using a fluorescence plate reader, a dot-blot using a fluorescence scanner or a microarray using a laser scanner. We have established a correlation among the various detection formats, which validates the use of protein microarrays for expression screening. Production of expressed proteins detected through screening can be scaled up either using IVT reactions or with in vivo expression systems in the absence of a fluorophore for subsequent characterization of protein function or interactions.

Boron Compounds↗