Biomedical subjects
M A Clark
Publications and source records attributed to M A Clark.
Comparison of six mammalian lysophospholipases.
Lysophospholipases participate in the regulation of the levels of lysophospholipid, compounds with pleiotropic biological effects. Lysophospholipases were purified from a macrophage cell line (WEHI 265.1), a myelocytic leukemia cell line (HL-60) and peripheral blood eosinophils. WEHI 265.1 cells contain three lysophospholipases 28, 27 and 110 kDa as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The 110 kDa lysophospholipase also exhibits phospholipase A2 activity and appears to be identical to a previously described 110 kDa phospholipase A2. Similarly, the HL-60 cells have three lysophospholipases, the largest again a 110 kDa enzyme with phospholipase A2 activity and the smaller are 20 and 21 kDa. The low molecular mass lysophospholipases have distinctive chromatographic properties and amino acid compositions. However, the two low molecular mass enzymes from a given cell type are not radically different, e.g., 15 of the 20 amino acids of the C-terminal sequences of the HL-60 enzymes are identical. A single lysophospholipase, approx. 15 kDa, is a major eosinophil protein. This enzyme is different from those described above.
Breast cancer screening practices among black, Hispanic, and white women: reassessing differences.
INTRODUCTION: We examine racial and ethnic variations in use of screening mammography. We first review recent literature on Blacks', Hispanics', and non-Hispanic Whites' mammography use. Here we extend that body of literature through use of a comprehensive national database and discussion of the implications of race- and nonrace-stratified mammography modeling. METHODS: Data were extrapolated from the 1990 National Health Interview Survey. Using the Transtheoretical Model as a conceptual guide, we derived a women's stage of mammography adoption by integrating screening history with intention to have a future mammogram. The outcome variables included (1) not being screened at regular intervals and (2) not intending to have a mammogram in the future. Analyses were stratified by three groups: Blacks, Hispanics, and non-Hispanic Whites. RESULTS: The results from the multiple logistic regressions demonstrate that race continues to be a factor influencing mammography use. Across all three groups, women who reported less regular cancer screening by clinical breast exam (CBE), Pap smear testing, or breast self-examination were less frequent users of mammography. However, the magnitude of the associations varied for the groups being compared. The findings also demonstrate that there were unique factors associated with not being screened routinely and not intending to have a mammogram in the future for all three racial/ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS: Researchers must give explicit attention, both empirically and methodologically, to how race and ethnicity interact with sociodemographic factors, health practices, and access to health care to refine our understanding of barriers to breast cancer screening. Common barriers to routine screening may be perceived differently by Black, Hispanic, and White women and may contribute to underuse of mammography in distinct ways.