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Biomedical subjects

M A Branthwaite

Publications and source records attributed to M A Branthwaite.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

IPPB and hypercapnia in respiratory failure: the effect of different concentrations of inspired oxygen on arterial blood gas tensions.

Fourteen patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and hypercapnia received two treatment periods with Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing, the ventilator being driven by gas containing about 24% or about 45% oxygen. Arterial PO2 and PCO2 were measured before, during and after each treatment. The results demonstrated that increasing hypercapnia did not, as a rule, occur when 45% oxygen was used as the driving gas. When hypercapnia did occur it appeared to be independent of the inspired oxygen concentration. The importance of short treatment periods, correct ventilator settings and supervision of the patient during and after treatment is emphasised.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed1978

Lysosomal enzyme release from the lungs after cardiopulmonary bypass.

The activity of some lysosomal enzymes has been investigated in venous and arterial blood collected from patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. Before bypass, there is no arterio-venous difference in the activity of n-acetyl-beta glucosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase or lysozyme. After operation, the activity of n-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase is greater in arterial than in superior caval blood within the first 24 h after bypass, and a small arterio-venous increment in the activity of beta-glucuronidase can also be detected towards the end of the first day. The site of enzyme release has not been identified with certainty but may lie within the pulmonary circulation.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1977

Asthma: analysis of sudden deaths and ventilatory arrests in hospital.

The incidence of episodes of unexpected ventilatory arrest, some of which led to sudden death, was studied in 1169 consecutive hospital admissions for asthma. Of the most acute cases, 458 were initially managed in a special care unit where only one ventilatory arrest occurred. A further nine cases of arrest, three of which proved fatal, happened on general wards. Accepted clinical criteria of a severe attack were not present in those episodes occurring outside the unit, which were apparently mild attacks. The risk of sudden death could not be related to the severity of the attack but it did correlate with the presence of excessive diurnal variation in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Special treatment of patients with this sign might reduce mortality.

Asthma↗
PubMed1977

Lysosomal enzyme release during cardiopulmonary bypass.

Lysosomal enzyme release occurs during cardiopulmonary bypass in man but the tissues from which these enzymes originate have not been identified. The activity of N-acetyl beta-glucosaminidase in plasma increases to a degree which is proportional to the duration of bypass and this enzyme may therefore be a better marker than beta-glucuronidase of tissue damage caused by cardiopulmonary bypass, as distinct from tissue damage solely to the operative procedure.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1977

Significance of changes in cerebral electrical activity at onset of cardiopulmonary bypass.

A study of 100 patients requiring open-heart surgery has been undertaken to ascertain whether prophylactic measures designed to minimise cerebral damage have influenced the incidence or severity of changes in cerebral electrical activity recorded at the onset of cardiopulmonary bypass. The incidence of change in cerebral electrical activity remains high but the severity of the disturbances has diminished as compared with a series investigated before prophylactic measures were introduced. Changes suggestive of cerebral depression were particularly notable in children under 10 years of age. The significance of these findings is discussed in the context of factors which might influence cerebral electrical activity at the onset of bypass.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Sepsis in a CPAP system.

Bacterial contamination of a continuous positive airway pressure system has been investigated and found to be virtually confined to the adjustable valve 'at the mouth'. Organisms isolated from this site are probably derived from those in the sputum. The practical implications of these findings are outlined.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1975

Diagnosis and management of alveolar proteinosis: the rôle of electron microscopy.

The diagnosis and management of three cases of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis are described. The electron microscopic appearances of lung biopsy material, lung washings, and sputum and the value of this method of sputum examination in extremely ill patients are demonstrated. The practical details of controlled volume bronchial lavage are described and the good clinical and physiological response of patients reported. The findings have been compared with those of experimental pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, and the pathogenesis of the condition is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Prevention of neurological damage during open-heart surgery.

A previous study of neurological damage related to open-heart surgery suggested that the onset of cardiopulmonary bypass is a time of particular hazard, and there is evidence that both microemboli from the extracorporeal circulation and inadequate cerebral perfusion may be contributory factors. Measures to eliminate or minimize these hazards have been introduced, and a clinical survey has been undertaken to evaluate their efficacy. There has been a very highly significant decrease in the incidence of neurological damage as judged by comparison with the results of a similar survey carried out before these measures were introduced. In spite of limitations imposed by differences in workload, perfusion techniques, and methods of data collection, it is concluded that the prophylactic measures have been responsible for the reduction in the incidence of neurological damage.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Measurement of cardiac output by thermal dilution in infants and children.

The accuracy of the thermal dilution technique for measuring cardiac output in infants and children has been assessed by comparison with the direct Fick technique. Satisfactory correlation between the two methods has been demonstrated, and it is concluded that a commercially available monitor can be used to determine cardiac output by thermal dilution in acutely sick infants and children. The volume of injectate should be selected according to the weight of the child, and the value displayed by the monitor should be adjusted by the appropriate fraction.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1974

Haemodynamic effects of salbutamol in patients needing circulatory support after open-heart surgery.

The effects of substituting an infusion of salbutamol for isoprenaline were studied in 12 patients needing circulatory support after valve replacement surgery. The cardiac output rose while the heart rate remained unaltered. There was a reduction in systemic vascular resistance, and though the oxygen uptake tended to rise the increase in cardiac output was proportionately greater so that the arteriovenous oxygen difference fell.It is suggested that the drug is of value for two reasons. It causes a selective reduction in peripheral arteriolar resistance, which avoids peripheral pooling, but permits limited myocardial work to be used to generate flow rather than pressure, and the increase in cardiac output is not accompanied by a corresponding rise in oxygen uptake.

Albuterol↗