The adrenocorticotrophic activities of two synthetic polypeptides, Synacthen (Ciba) and DW 75 (Sandoz), were compared in two groups of patients having a variety of arthritic disorders. Compared with Synacthen, injected either intramuscularly or intravenously, intravenous DW 75 was found to have a longer duration of adrenocorticotrophic activity (measured by plasma 11-hydroxycorticosteroid levels) in both groups of patients, while intramuscularly administered DW 75 did not appear to be absorbed well.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗

PubMed1966

Osteogenesis imperfecta.

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Nursing↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Neuritic plaques and vessels of visual cortex in aging and Alzheimer's dementia.

Changes in microvascular dimensions occurring with normal aging and Alzheimer's dementia were measured in thick sections of postmortem human visual cortex stained for alkaline phosphatase. Capillary density was decreased to the same degree in both normal aged and demented aged subjects. The fields selected for analysis in both groups included all cortical laminae and, where possible, amyloid-cored neuritic plaques. The mean density of such plaques in these selected fields was slightly but not significantly higher in the demented group. In both groups plaques were more plentiful in visual laminae with the highest capillary densities (II-IV), but plaques and vessels were closer to each other in the normal aged than in the demented. Plaque distributions differed; in the normal aged, plaques concentrated in lamina IV; in the demented they were more evenly spread throughout the laminae. Plaque cores were larger in the demented. Amyloid angiopathy was more common and more extensive in the demented group; amyloid-cored plaques were not closely associated with affected vessels. Plaque distributions in Alzheimer subjects with and without amyloid angiopathy differed; plaque density was greatest in those without angiopathy. Alzheimer's dementia was not associated with any decline in microvascularity. Plaque concentration in well vascularized laminae suggests a pathogenetic role for some blood-borne agent. Differences in plaque distributions imply that the role or the agent differs in normal and demented aging, or perhaps between cases with and without amyloid angiopathy.

Aging↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Childrearing knowledge, beliefs, and practices of Cambodian refugees.

Forty Cambodian women in Seattle, Washington were interviewed to learn about their childrearing knowledge, beliefs, practices, and information resources. It was found that women who once relied on family and elders for advice now turned to pediatric providers and other clinic staff. Most women reported accurately the ages at which developmental milestones occur, with the exception of vision and hearing milestones. Their treatment of common childhood illnesses included both Western and Cambodian remedies. Beliefs about children's nature, discipline, learning, and reincarnation were explored. Implications for providers trying to support the parenting efforts of Cambodian women in the United States are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A combined hematoxylin-eosin, alkaline phosphatase and high-resolution microradiographic study of lacunes.

Lacunar infarcts (lacunes) are small, cystic lesions of the brain in patients with hypertension and/or diabetes. In order to improve our understanding of the relationship between lacunes and their blood vessels, the alkaline phosphatase (AP) technique of microvascular staining and high-resolution microradiography were employed in a three-dimensional study of 31 lacunes from 15 hypertensive subjects. A second aim was to compare the usefulness of the techniques with that of routine hematoxylin-eosin (HE) stain employed by previous investigators. Arteries were traced throughout their course. The lesions identified included intimal hyperplasia, hyalinization and atherosclerosis with variable narrowing and occasional occlusions. The small arterioles in the lacune cavities supplied adjacent intact brain. The AP technique clearly distinguished true lacunar infarcts from dilated perivascular spaces. AP and microradiography were superior to HE in showing the three dimensional details with far fewer sections. Four different types of relationships were observed between nutrient arteries and their lacunes, indicating that patterns of vascular involvement can be elucidated in brains of subjects dying with lacunar syndromes by using special techniques such as AP. Such patterns can be correlated with clinical risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertension etc., singly and in combination. Our data suggest that the natural history of lacunar infarcts may be changing in two ways--the number of lacunes per patient may be diminishing and white matter involvement may be increasing. Possible explanations for these changes are suggested.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of the British Columbia AIDS Information Line.

We evaluated implementation of the British Columbia AIDS Information Line during its initial 15 weeks of operation. Data collected during daily operation of the line included call frequency, caller characteristics, response patterns, caller concerns and community referrals. Information on activities and resources required to implement the AIDS Line was also assembled. The study concluded that the advertising campaign sponsored by the provincial government and other AIDS-related media events had a strong impact on the frequency of calls made to the AIDS Line. However, the effect of both advertising and media events was of relatively short duration, suggesting that utilization of an AIDS information line is dependent on continuing promotional activities. The evaluation results demonstrate the importance of continuous collection of data online utilization, to track public awareness of and response to AIDS-related issues, and to facilitate planning of public education.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The corpus callosum, a unique white-matter tract: anatomic features that may explain sparing in Binswanger disease and resistance to flow of fluid masses.

The corpus callosum exhibits several unusual features: arteriole-venule pairs, perivascular fibrous alae, and recurrent companion arterioles. These and other anatomic aspects are compared and contrasted with those of the centrum semiovale. Vascular changes occurring with aging or hypertension, commonly seen in the centrum semiovale, rarely develop in the corpus callosum. The vascular supply to the central zone of the genu and body of the corpus callosum, via short penetrating arterioles, is similar to that of the cerebral cortex, whereas the vascular supply to the extreme lateral corpus callosum, centrum semiovale, and basal ganglia is substantially carried by long end-arteries. When observed critically, the anatomic features of the corpus callosum may explain such clinically observed phenomena as its relative resistance to flow of fluid masses, radiation injury, Binswanger disease, lacunar infarction, hypoxia, and hypoperfusion.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Consideration on the optimal time for scintigraphy of inflammed joints].

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Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Adolescent pregnancy and sexual risk-taking among sexually abused girls.

Data on 3,128 girls in grades eight, 10 and 12 who participated in the 1992 Washington State Survey of Adolescent Health Behaviors were used to analyze the association of a self-reported history of sexual abuse with teenage pregnancy and with sexual behavior that increases the risk of adolescent pregnancy. In analyses adjusting for grade level, respondents who had been sexually abused were 3.1 times as likely as those who had not been abused to say they had ever been pregnant; in multivariate analyses, respondents who had experienced abuse were 2.3 times as likely as others to have had intercourse but were not more likely than other sexually active respondents to have been pregnant. However, those with a history of sexual abuse were more likely to report having had intercourse by age 15 (odds ratio, 2.1), not using birth control at last intercourse (2.0) and having had more than one sexual partner (1.4). Thus, an association between sexual abuse and teenage pregnancy appears to be the result of high-risk behavior exhibited by adolescent girls who have been abused.

Adolescent↗