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Biomedical subjects

M A Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to M A Anderson.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Hydroxyapatite orbital implants. Scanning with technetium-99m MDP.

Porous hydroxyapatite spheres are an ideal prosthetic device for orbital implantation because they are incorporated into soft tissues. Once vascularized, an eye prosthesis can be coupled to the sphere by a peg placed within a central motility hole. This hole should not be drilled while the sphere is avascular because of the risk of infection. Radionuclide scanning with Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate has been used to assess implant vascular ingrowth because radiophosphonate deposition within the sphere parallels vascularization. Using this technique, the authors examined the hydroxyapatite implants of 15 patients 6 months following insertion. Results showed that complete vascularization is best defined by planar imaging rather than SPECT. While the relative intensity of implant activity may be an important feature, uniformity of activity is probably more significant.

Durapatite↗
PubMed1994

Breast engorgement: patterns and selected outcomes.

For 14 days following birth, 114 breastfeeding mothers rated their level of breast engorgement twice daily, using a six-point engorgement scale. Individual engorgement ratings were plotted by intensity over time to provide a visual display of each subject's breast engorgement experience. Four distinct patterns of breast engorgement emerged; mothers experienced either a bell-shaped pattern, a multi-modal pattern, a pattern of intense engorgement, or a pattern of minimal engorgement. Characteristics of mothers and infants, and feeding frequency were similar across the four breast engorgement patterns.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

A force plate and display system for studying ground reaction forces in dogs.

We have developed and implemented a low cost system for measuring ground reaction forces in dogs with normal and abnormal ambulation as they walk or trot over a floor mounted plate that measures vertical and horizontal forces. Orthogonally mounted strain gages measure the forces imposed. A bridge amplifier conditions the signals which are sampled and converted to digital form for display on an operator initiated graphical user interface (GUI) which displays the forces as a function of time on the screen of a Macintosh computer. The system also allows the input of timing of the velocity of approach to the plate and the foot strike can be monitored (via tap reply) on the computer screen to verify the fidelity of the foot strike on the active surface of the plate. The data gathered on a particular strike is stored as a "raw" signal, analyzed and recorded in a spread sheet text format for later analysis.

Analog-Digital Conversion↗
PubMed1994

Quality improvement in discharge planning: an evaluation of factors in communication between health care providers.

Extending quality improvement principles to coordinating patient care among multiple levels of health care service providers has received only limited attention. Referrals function by communicating information about patients' continuing care needs between health care organizations as they transfer responsibility for providing different levels of care. Our evidence suggests several procedural improvements with immediate benefit for improving the quality of referrals. These include employing standardized, written referral forms; assigning responsibility for communication by requiring a signature on each referral; and instituting an information feedback system between sending and receiving health care providers.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Lack of potassium-anion interaction in diet selection by captive meadow voles.

An experiment was conducted to test whether selective avoidance of high-potassium diets by captive meadow voles (Rodentia: Microtus pennsylvanicus) depends on the anions with which potassium is associated. Voles were presented simultaneously with a) low- and high-potassium diets formulated with either potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, or a mixture of potassium chloride and potassium citrate; or b) paired combinations of high-potassium diets containing different anions. In the first part of the experiment, voles preferentially selected the low-potassium diets, with the degree of selectivity virtually completely independent of the associated anion. These results confirm previous suggestions that potassium avoidance may be a component in diet selection by herbivores, especially during spring and summer. There is only weak indication that anion content affects selection of diets with fixed potassium content.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

S-RNase gene of Nicotiana alata is expressed in developing pollen.

In the solanaceous plant Nicotiana alata, self-incompatibility is controlled by a single, multiallelic locus (S locus) expressed in both pollen and pistil. Previously, we have shown cosegregation between alleles of the S locus and alleles of a gene that encodes a glycoprotein with ribonuclease activity (S-RNase). Furthermore, expression of the S-RNase gene is apparently confined to the pistil and is correlated with the onset of self-incompatibility. In this paper, we report that the S-RNase gene is also expressed at low levels in developing pollen. A transcript in developing pollen hybridized to a cDNA encoding the S2-RNase allele of the parent plant and did not hybridize to cDNAs encoding other S-RNase alleles. Two cDNAs for the S2-RNase were cloned from a library derived from anthers of a plant homozygous for the S2 allele and both corresponded to the coding sequence of the S2-RNase. The product of the S-RNase gene was detected by immunocytochemistry in the intine of mature, hydrated pollen grains. These results are interpreted in the light of current knowledge of the structure of the S locus.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Proteinase inhibitors in Nicotiana alata stigmas are derived from a precursor protein which is processed into five homologous inhibitors.

A cDNA clone, NA-PI-II, encoding a protein with partial identity to proteinase inhibitor (PI) II of potato and tomato has been isolated from a cDNA library constructed from Nicotiana alata stigma and style mRNA. The cDNA encodes a polypeptide of 397 amino acids with a putative signal peptide of 29 amino acids and six repeated domains, each with a potential reactive site. Domains 1 and 2 have chymotrypsin-specific sites and domains 3, 4, 5, and 6 have sites specific for trypsin. In situ hybridization experiments demonstrated that expression of the gene is restricted to the stigma of both immature and mature pistils. Peptides with inhibitory activity toward chymotrypsin and trypsin have been isolated from stigmas of N. alata. The N-terminal amino acid sequence obtained from this protein preparation corresponds to six regions in the cDNA clone NA-PI-II. The purified PI protein preparation is likely to be composed of a mixture of up to five similar peptides of approximately 6 kD, produced in vivo by proteolytic processing of a 42-kD precursor. The PI may function to protect the reproductive tissue against potential pathogens.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Adverse events in the hospitalized elderly.

This descriptive study examined the incidence, onset, and correlates of adverse events (acute confusion, adverse drug reactions, nutritional problems, pressure ulcers, falls, and transient urinary incontinence) experienced by elderly persons hospitalized for acute illness. The researchers studied 64 patients (mean age 74.4 years) for the duration of their hospitalization. Over half (54%) experienced some degree of acute confusion during their hospitalization. There was a 24% incidence of pressure ulcers and a 2% incidence of adverse reactions to medications. No instances of falls or transient urinary incontinence were observed or documented in this sample. Nutritional problems were identified in one third of the sample. Predictive profiles of patients at risk for adverse events associated with hospitalization were developed and provide directions for patient care and further research.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

The effects of immediate continuous passive motion on pain during the inflammatory phase of soft tissue healing following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Continuous passive motion (CPM) may have potential application as a physical modality in decreasing acute pain. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of CPM immediately following an arthroscopically-assisted anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction utilizing bone-patella-bone autograft on acute pain during the inflammatory phase of soft tissue healing. Acute pain was measured by assessing the amount of pain medication (amount of narcotic delivered from the patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump during the first postoperative 24 hours and the total intake of oral medication during the second and third postoperative days), the need for pain medication (number of times the patient pushed the PCA button during the first postoperative 24 hours), and perceived pain (graphic pain scale measuring antalgic sensation). Thirty patients (15-45 years old) participated in this study. The patients were prospectively randomized into two groups, CPM and non-CPM. Both groups followed an identical postoperative rehabilitation program except for the CPM groups using a CPM device. The design of this study included the collection of data during the inflammatory phase of soft tissue healing. The results indicated that the initiation of CPM immediately following an ACL reconstruction had a significant (p < .05) effect on decreasing the amount of medication consumed by the patient and a significant (p < .05) decrease in the patient's need for medication during the inflammatory phase. There was no statistical significance in the level of perceived pain between the groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

Home health care referrals following hospital discharge: communication in health services delivery.

Interinstitutional communication in the delivery of health services is fundamental to continuity of patient care. The purpose of this investigation was to describe the information transferred in the formal home care referral of elderly clients by hospitals and to describe selected organizational and medical condition characteristics that may affect referral content. Results indicated that approximately half of the information recommended by the literature was actually transmitted in the referral form. This information was composed primarily of background and medical data with some nursing care and almost no psychosocial data. More data were transferred when standardized written forms were used, when smaller hospitals provided the information, and when the home health agency was affiliated with the hospital.

Aftercare↗
PubMed1993

Effects of electrical stimulation and upper body training after spinal cord injury.

The purpose of this study was to measure the cardiorespiratory improvements during the initial weeks of training in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Eight adult volunteers (ages 23-41) with paraplegia (T4-L1, N = 7) and low levels of quadriplegia (C7, N = 1) participated in a 12-wk training program consisting of 6 wk of computerized functional electrical stimulation leg ergometry (CFES LE) followed by 6 wk of combined arm ergometry and CFES LE (hybrid ergometry; HE). Measures of peak oxygen consumption (pV02) and immediate post-exercise blood lactate (La-) were collected during an intermittent CFES LE graded exercise test (3-min stages; 1/8-kp increments) prior to training (0T), following 6 wk of CFES LE training (6T) and following 6 wk of HE training (12T). Voluntary arm ergometry (AE) graded exercise tests were also completed at each of 0T, 6T, and 12T, and an intermittent graded HE test was also given at 6T and 12T. Following the 6 wk of CFES LE, AE pVO2 increased from 1.14 +/- 0.09 l.min-1 to 1.39 +/- 0.172 l.min-1 (P < 0.05), and CFES LE pVO2 increased from 0.51 +/- 0.05 l.min-1 to 0.83 +/- 0.06 l.min-1 (P < 0.05). Following the 6 wk of HE, HE pVO2 increased from 1.31 +/- 0.15 l.min-1 to 1.49 +/- 0.14 l.min-1 (P < 0.05). HE pVO2 was 58%-60% higher than CFES LE pVO2 at the mid- and post-testing periods. HE pVO2 was 14% higher than AE pVO2 at the post-testing period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Effects of intra-articular chlorhexidine diacetate lavage on the stifle in healthy dogs.

Eight dogs were determined to be orthopedically normal on the basis of prelavage physical examination, stifle radiography, synovial fluid analysis, and force plate analysis (peak vertical force normalized for body weight, and time on the force plate). Each dog had 1 stifle randomly assigned to be lavaged with 100 ml of a commercially available 0.05% (w/v) chlorhexidine diacetate solution, and the contralateral stifle was lavaged with lactated Ringer's solution. Difference was not detected between the chlorhexidine diacetate and lactated Ringer's solution-treated joints, with regard to results of synovial fluid analysis and clinical lameness evaluations on days 4 and 8 after lavage. Chlorhexidine diacetate caused a more intense synovitis than did lactated Ringer's solution, as determined by histologic evaluation of synovial membrane specimens after necropsy on day 8; however, a difference in the intensity of toluidine blue staining of articular cartilage was not found between treatments. Chlorhexidine diacetate, as a 0.05% (w/v) solution, cannot be recommended as a joint lavage fluid until the duration of inflammatory changes in the synovial membrane are determined or until the chemical constituents of chlorhexidine diacetate causing the synovitis can be identified and removed.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Development and characterization of a rapidly proliferating, well-differentiated cell line derived from normal adult human osteoblast-like cells transfected with SV40 large T antigen.

A new bone cell line was established by transfecting normal adult human osteoblast-like (hOB) cells, derived from a 68-year-old woman, with the plasmid pSV3 neo. The plasmid included coding sequences and promotors for the large and small T antigens of the SV40 virus as well as resistance to the antibiotics neomycin and G418. A single antibiotic-resistant colony was located and cloned. Large tumor antigen production in the clonal cell line was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence study. Treatment with 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 increased steady-state concentrations of protein and mRNA for osteocalcin and for alkaline phosphatase. Northern blot analyses also demonstrated the presence of mRNAs for alpha(I)-procollagen, osteopontin 1a, transforming growth factor beta, and interleukin-1 beta. The plasma membrane calcium pump and osteonectin were identified by immunocytochemical analysis. These cells produced a matrix that mineralized when beta-glycerophosphate was added to their cultures. As assessed by functional receptor assays, both estrogen and androgen receptors were present and functional, although at low concentrations. Treatment with parathyroid hormone did not stimulate adenylate cyclase activity. Thus, these cells are a well-differentiated, steroid-responsive clonal cell line that closely approximates the phenotype of the mature osteoblast. They should serve as an excellent model for the study of osteoblast biology.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Molecular analysis of human chromosome 16 cosmid clones containing NotI sites.

To test the feasibility of using cloned NotI sites as markers for physical mapping, we have screened for cosmid clones spanning the NotI sites on human Chromosome (Chr) 16. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of these clones confirms the previously reported cluster of NotI sites on 16p13.3. Methylation status of the cloned NotI sites on genomic DNA was established by hybridization of the cosmids to Southern blots containing EcoRI and EcoRI/NotI digest of genomic DNA. These results indicated that four of six clones included in our study can be used as linking clones for physical mapping. Two clones have NotI sites which are not cleavable in the cell lines tested. In one clone, the NotI site exists as an isolated rare-cutting restriction enzyme site, whereas in the other clone the NotI site appears to be island-related.

Blotting, Southern↗