Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M A Ali

Publications and source records attributed to M A Ali.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Adolescent growth events in eight decades of Japanese cohort data: sex differences.

The presence of secular trends in sex differences for the onset or takeoff of the adolescent growth spurt and subsequent (adolescent) growth of Japanese boys and girls were investigated using data published in "The Statistical Report of the School Health Survey" of the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan. An optimum kernel regression method was used to derive the biological parameters of the adolescent growth curve. The six parameters derived from the regression analysis were age at takeoff (ATO), height at takeoff (HTO), velocity at takeoff (VTO), peak height velocity (PHV), age at PHV (APHV), and height at PHV (HPHV). The sex difference in age at PHV is about 2.1 years. The sex difference in age at takeoff was about 2.1 years starting with the birth year of 1943, but has become almost insignificant with the birth year of 1980. After 1960, the sex difference in mean HPHV varied within 12-13 cm, but the difference in HTO showed a decreasing trend. After the birth year of 1911, the rate of growth at HTO for girls has become markedly greater than for boys. In contrast, the rate of growth at HPHV for girls has become significantly smaller than for boys (P < 0.05). Sex differences in ATO, HTO and VTO were significantly and negatively correlated with differences in APHV and HPHV, but positively correlated with the difference in PHV. The sex difference in PHV had no relationship with the differences in APHV and HPHV.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An approach to determine objectively minimum hemoglobin standards for blood donors.

The minimum hemoglobin level for an individual to be accepted as a blood donor in North America is 13.5 g/dl for males and 12.5 g/dl for females. The present study was undertaken to determine the iron status of donors deferred because their hemoglobin did not meet present standards. This was done prospectively by measuring hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, ferritin and free erythrocyte protoporphyrin on venous samples of blood. The majority of deferred donors, 85% of males and 83% of females, were found not to be iron deficient. In order to determine objectively minimum hemoglobin standards for blood donors that would include the maximum number of non iron deficient donors while excluding the majority with iron deficiency ROC curves were drawn. This approach demonstrates that minimum hemoglobin levels can be established objectively and from our data indicates that these levels are 12.5 g/dl for males and 12.0 g/dl for females.

Blood Donors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hypergammaglobulinemia can be associated with a positive direct antiglobulin test, a nonreactive eluate, and no evidence of hemolysis.

To determine the cause of a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT), blood banks routinely perform serologic tests on eluates prepared from DAT-positive red cells. Negative eluates traditionally have been suspected to be associated with drug reactions. This report confirms that the most frequent cause of a positive DAT and a nonreactive eluate is hypergammaglobulinemia. The results of 74 patient samples with positive DATs were analyzed retrospectively. Eluates prepared from the red cells of 54 patients (72.9%) reacted; eluates from 20 patients (27.1%) did not react. This latter group had identical serologic and clinical findings, suggesting that they made up a homogeneous group. In particular, the patients had a positive DAT, a negative indirect antiglobulin test, and a negative eluate; an increased serum concentration of IgG; and no evidence of hemolysis. In a subsequent study, DATs were performed prospectively on red cells from 44 consecutive patients with elevated serum IgG levels. The serum IgG concentration was highest in the three patients whose red cells had a positive DAT. The DAT also became positive in two patients treated with high-dose intravenous gammaglobulin (IV IgG). These studies indicate that a negative eluate from red cells with a positive DAT, a common serologic finding, is often caused by hypergammaglobulinemia. The authors postulate that IgG binds nonspecifically to the red cells because of the hypergammaglobulinemia.

Coombs Test↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A prospective study evaluating the lowering of hemoglobin standards for blood donors.

Strict regulations exist for the selection of blood donors. These include minimum hemoglobin (Hb) standards of 13.5 and 12.5 g/dL for males and females respectively. In Canada 2% of all blood donors, or approximately 25,000 individuals annually attempt to make a blood donation but are deferred because their Hb level does not meet these minimum accepted standards. In a previous study we provided a biostatistical approach to ascertain objectively the optimal minimum Hb standards for blood donors to best discriminate between iron deficient and non iron deficient individuals. The derived values were lower than the existing minimum Hb standards and because of concern that blood donors accepted using these lower Hb standards might have asymptomatic disease, the proposed new levels were not adopted. This present prospective study was undertaken to assess the impact on the blood donors of the new Hb standards. Over 26 months we evaluated 1,558 donors (695 males and 863 females). On entry into the study they were screened for a variety of medical conditions which could result in asymptomatic anemia and 6 months later they answered a health questionnaire. Blood donors were entered into 1 of 3 groups. Group I were donors accepted by the existing criteria. Group II were donors who did not meet the existing Hb criteria but satisfied the newly derived standards. Group III were donors deferred even by the new Hb standards.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Massive colchicine overdose: a report on the toxicity.

A case of an overdose of colchicine for suicidal purposes is presented. The main complications observed involved the hematopoietic, the gastrointestinal, the respiratory and the central nervous system. Heinz bodies were noticed in the red blood cells, a finding which had not been previously documented in patients with colchicine overdose. Despite intensive management the patient died on the thirteenth hospital day of central nervous system complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

2-[125I]iodomelatonin binding in the brains of four salmonids.

[125I]-Labelled iodomelatonin binding to brain membrane preparations was examined in adults of 4 species of salmonid fishes; 3 species were of cultured stock (Arctic charr, Atlantic salmon, rainbow trout) and 1 was taken from the wild (coho salmon). The specific binding of 2-[125I]iodomelatonin to the brain membrane preparations collected from all 4 species was specific, stable, saturable, reversible and of high affinity. Competitive inhibition studies showed that only melatonin, 2-iodomelatonin, 6-chloromelatonin and N-acetylserotonin showed significant inhibition of radioligand binding. In the 4 species studied, the equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) ranged from 9.3 +/- 0.2 pmol/l in coho salmon to 13.2 +/- 0.7 pmol/l in rainbow trout, and those in rainbow trout were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in the others. The maximum number of binding sites (Bmax) of the Atlantic salmon preparations (14.3 +/- 0.7 fmol/mg protein) was significantly higher than those of the other 3 species (means ranging from 9.9 to 11.6 fmol/mg protein). Hill coefficients of all 4 species were close to unity indicating one class of binding site. The interspecies differences in Kd and Bmax could not be correlated with phylogeny or life history of the various species. For the three cultured species, samples were collected at both mid-dark and mid-light to examine for diurnal variations; none were found.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serum AFP, hCG and CEA in the management of patients with testicular, ovarian and extragonadal germ cell tumors.

Serum levels of AFP, hCG and CEA were initially and serially measured in 59 patients with testicular germ cell tumors, and serially in 37 with ovarian and 3 with extragonadal germ cell tumors. Patients with seminoma/dysgerminoma or mature teratoma had normal serum AFP and sporadically slightly elevated hCG. Some patients with embryonal carcinoma, pure or with admixture of seminoma, had serum AFP elevated to maximum 100 U/ml, yet its use for monitoring therapy was limited. Patients with yolk sac tumors had elevated AFP and sometimes CEA levels, those with choriocarcinoma had elevated hCG, and those with compound tumors had one or more of the markers highly elevated. High AFP and/or hCG levels indicated the presence of the relevant tumor cells both in the primary and in residual tumor and/or metastases, also those missed in histological material, and thus were useful in restaging. Unfortunately, their absence in serum did not exclude the presence of marker-negative subpopulations of tumor cells. Changes in marker values paralleled the effects of treatment: the level increasing from any nadir heralded recurrence in patients in remission; elevated or increasing levels during therapy implied resistance to the therapy; decreasing levels indicated regression even though a return to the normal range did not mean eradication of all tumor cells.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney presenting as intraocular metastasis.

A newborn infant presented with intraocular tumor that was clinically diagnosed as retinoblastoma and treated by exenteration of the globe. Within a few weeks however, a large abdominal mass was noted, which was found to involve the left kidney and right lobe of liver. Pathologic evaluation of the intraocular mass as well as fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the abdominal mass revealed features of malignant rhabdoid tumor. To our knowledge this is the first case of malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney with such an unusual clinical presentation.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Massive rectorrhagia and acute intestinal occlusion revealing Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: apropos of 3 cases].

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is a rare hereditary disorder involving digestive polyposis with hamartomatous gastrointestinal polyps and mucocutaneous lentiginosis. We report three cases in which this syndrome was detected by complications: a massive rectal hemorrhage requiring a blood transfusion in one case and acute impaction of the bowel requiring emergency surgery in the other two. This work demonstrates the importance of the complications that may indicate that the patient has this syndrome. We also discuss the cancers of the digestive system and other organs that may be associated with PJS and recent progress in genetic research into this disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fine needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of tuberculosis.

Bacteriologic data and aspiration smears obtained by fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy for a series of 39 cases of tuberculosis were reviewed. Based on the morphologic features of the aspiration smears, the cases were divided into two groups: 18 cases in which distinct epithelioid granulomas were present and 21 in which no granulomas were found but large amounts of necrotic debris with variable numbers of polymorphonuclear cells, histiocytes and lymphocytes were present. Material from the FNA biopsy specimen was submitted for culture and fluorescence studies in 34 cases (15 with and 19 without granulomas). In the first group, auramine-rhodamine staining of smears was positive in 4 of 15 cases and Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated in 12 of 15 cases. In the second group, auramine-rhodamine staining was positive in 9 of 19 cases and culture was positive for M. tuberculosis in 16 of 19 cases. The results indicate that studying FNA smears by light microscopy and bacteriologic culture is an effective way of diagnosing tuberculosis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Morphologic spectrum of hepatocellular carcinoma in fine needle aspiration biopsies.

The light microscopic features of fine needle aspiration smears from 52 primary hepatocellular carcinomas were reviewed. Cytologic grading of these tumors, which indicated three grade I, 29 grade II and 20 grade III carcinomas, was compatible with grading done by histologic examination. In addition to the general cellular characteristics, other cytologic features observed in the smears included bile (48% of the cases), large cytoplasmic vacuoles (23%), small cytoplasmic vacuoles (46%), eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions (8%), basophilic cytoplasmic inclusions (48%) and intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions (71%). The significance of these features is briefly discussed.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of mesencephalic lesion on the histomorphology of testis and spermatogenesis.

Mesencephalic reticular formation lesions were produced bilaterally by using two epoxy-coated stainless steel electrodes. Electrolytic lesions resulted in atrophy of testes, and decreased spermatogenesis. Seminiferous tubules of lesioned rats were characterised by a general decrease in the number of cells from different generation of germinal epithelium, empty spaces, degeneration of spermatogonia, degeneration of spermatocytes I and of young spermatids. There were significant reductions in weights of the testes (P less than 0.01). Similarly the areas of cross-sections of seminiferous tubules were significantly reduced (P less than 0.05). Another note-worthy feature was a gross reduction in the complete cross section count of interstitial cells. The study strongly suggests that the mesencephalic reticular formation influences the testes and spermatogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of fine needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis and management of malacoplakia.

A case of malacoplakia of the colon and retroperitoneum is presented. The diagnosis was made by both endoscopic biopsy and fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). The response to therapy was monitored by sequential FNAB. The initial biopsy revealed large numbers of bacilli within the histiocytes; these bacilli were markedly reduced in number during successful therapy but reappeared in large numbers when the disease relapsed. It is suggested that FNAB may play a role in both the diagnosis and management of patients with malacoplakia.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Histological and histometrical studies of testicular hypertrophy following hemicastration of albino rats.

This project was designed to study the effects of hemicastration in male albino rats of different ages and weights. Significant compensatory hypertrophy was seen in young rats (5 and 20 days old). The concentration of seminiferous tubules was profoundly reduced while the tubular diameter was increased in young hemicastrated rats. The weights of the kidneys were increased while the weights of the adrenal glands were not different in hemicastrated young rats. These histological and histometrical changes may be associated with specific endocrine activity.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

"Splenic abscess in a HIV patient".

We report a case of surgically treated splenic abscess in a HIV patient. The patient presented with fever and splenomegaly. The diagnosis was based on ultrasonography and computed tomography. Surgical experience with clinically overt splenic abscess remains limited more so in a HIV patient.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An unusual cause of small bowel obstruction. A case report.

A patient presented with recurrent episodes of colicky abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, precise cause of which could not be established on evaluation. Exploratory laparotomy revealed internal herniation of proximal small bowel loops into the mesentericoparietal fossa of Waldeyer. There was a successful surgical outcome.

Adult↗