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Biomedical subjects

Lars Lund

Publications and source records attributed to Lars Lund.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Holmium:YAG laser vaporization of recurrent papillary tumours of the bladder under local anaesthesia.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate holmium:YAG laser vaporization of papillary tumours of the bladder, focusing on surgical technique, patients' satisfaction, complications and cost-effectiveness when using the technique under local anaesthesia as an outpatient procedure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In all, 52 consecutive patients with recurrent papillary tumours of the bladder were scheduled for holmium:YAG laser vaporization under local anaesthesia using a flexible cystoscope. The number of papillomas and total operative duration was recorded. Patients and surgeons were asked to complete a questionnaire about the procedure. RESULTS: In all, 197 papillomas were successfully vaporized in 88 operations, with a median operative duration of 15 min (5 min per papilloma) and no patient needed treatment under general anaesthesia. Most patients (86%) had no pain (as reported during standard cystoscopy) and none of the procedures was stopped because of pain. All patients would undergo the treatment again, compared with a standard transurethral resection of bladder tumour. The five surgeons rated the procedure as easy in most patients (78%) and difficult in a few (6%). The total cost for the outpatient procedure was less than that for standard treatment. CONCLUSION: This study clearly indicates that holmium:YAG laser vaporization of superficial bladder tumours is feasible, easy and fast, with a high degree of patient satisfaction, and it seems to be an attractive alternative to standard treatment. The procedure has some clear positive socio-economic perspectives in both the short- and long-term.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Hemodilution is common in patients with advanced heart failure.

BACKGROUND: Anemia frequently occurs in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients and is associated with a poor prognosis. A low hematocrit may result from an increased plasma volume (hemodilution) or from reduced red blood cell volume (true anemia). The prevalence and clinical outcome of CHF patients with hemodilution is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: The prevalence of anemia and its effect on outcome was examined in 196 patients with CHF. The prevalence of hemodilution was assessed in a subset of 37 ambulatory anemic patients with I131-tagged albumin to measure red blood cell and plasma volume. Clinical outcome was monitored. Sixty-one percent of the CHF patients were anemic. The prevalence of anemia increased from 33% in patients with New York Heart Association class II heart failure to 68% in class IV CHF patients. Survival was reduced in anemic patients compared with patients with a normal hematocrit (P<0.05). In the subset of 37 anemic patients, 17 patients (46%) had hemodilution and 20 patients (54%) had a true anemia. Nine patients with hemodilution died or underwent urgent transplant compared with 4 patients in the true anemia group (P<0.04). CONCLUSION: Hemodilution is common in CHF patients. Anemia is associated with a poor prognosis in CHF. Patients with hemodilution tend to do worse than patients with true anemia, which suggests that volume overload may be an important mechanism contributing to the poor outcome in anemic CHF patients.

Anemia↗
PubMed2003

Thirty-day case fatality after nephrectomy in patients with liver cirrhosis--a Danish population-based cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have shown that patients with liver cirrhosis are at increased risk of death after a number of surgical procedures, but their risk of death after nephrectomy has not been examined. We compared the 30-day postoperative case fatality rate after nephrectomy in patients with liver cirrhosis with that of patients without liver cirrhosis using data from an established dataset. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 1 January, 1977 and 31 December, 1993 we followed a population-based cohort of Danish liver cirrhosis patients in order to identify those who underwent nephrectomy. A control group of patients without liver cirrhosis who underwent nephrectomy during the same period was also identified. A logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratio of the 30-day case fatality rate of patients with liver cirrhosis relative to those without liver cirrhosis. The model was adjusted for age, sex, comorbidity and type of admission. The study was based entirely on data from the Danish National Registry of Patients. RESULTS: A total of 29/23 133 patients with liver cirrhosis underwent nephrectomy, and the control group comprised 582 patients without liver cirrhosis. The 30-day case fatality rates were 24.1% and 8.1%, respectively, yielding an adjusted odds ratio of 3.6 (95% CI 1.2-8.9) for patients with liver cirrhosis relative to those without liver cirrhosis. Male gender, high comorbidity and emergency admission were also associated with an increased risk of postoperative death. CONCLUSIONS: Nephrectomy in patients with liver cirrhosis carries an increased risk of postoperative death, but the lack of clinical data prevents us from suggesting guidelines for clinical management.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Periurethral injection therapy for urinary incontinence using a laparoscopic port.

In a 14-year-old boy with bladder augmentation, Mitrofanoff appendicovesicostomy, Malone antegrade enema stoma, and bladder neck reconstruction, urinary continence was restored by injection of Teflon with a Veress needle and the aid of a 2-mm laparoscopic port. The method has since been used for nine treatments in six children and has been successful in all.

Adolescent↗