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Biomedical subjects

L Zimmerman

Publications and source records attributed to L Zimmerman.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Factors influencing career success in nursing.

The purpose of this descriptive study was to examine educational preparation, personal characteristics, and significant others in the career success of women in nursing. The sample was a random selection of 194 doctorally prepared female nurses who reported some degree of career success. The factor, personal characteristics, was ranked as the most important in facilitating career success, educational preparations was ranked second, and significant others was ranked third. Among significant others ranked as influential were teachers, peer/colleagues, and supervisors.

Achievement↗
PubMed1986

A method for separation of middle molecules by high performance liquid chromatography: application in studies of glucuronyl-o-hydroxyhippurate in normal and uremic subjects.

An efficient separation of middle molecules (Mr 350-2000) was obtained by gel permeation HPLC and ion exchange HPLC. These methods were used to analyze glucuronyl-o-hydroxyhippurate (GOHH), a metabolite previously identified in plasma and urine from uremic patients. The concentrations of GOHH in normal and uremic urine and in uremic plasma increased markedly after the ingestion of salicylate. Oral ingestion of phenylalanine and tyrosine did not influence GOHH in plasma and urine. The results indicate that GOHH is an endogenous metabolite in normal and uremic subjects, as well as a novel metabolite of salicylate.

Chromatography, Gel↗
PubMed1985

On drug artifacts in middle molecule analysis.

In a retrospective study of 58 nondialyzed uremic patients, artifacts originating from furosemide, methyldopa, hydralazine, allopurinol and beta-blocking agents on determination of plasma middle molecules could not be substantiated. Furosemide administration did not have any influence on middle molecule determination in hemodialysis patients. The salicyclic acid administration in normal subjects resulted in increased urinary excretion of fraction 7c; the role of salicylic acid needs to be further investigated.

Furosemide↗
PubMed1985

Comprehensive assessment of the elderly patient.

Successful clinical evaluation of the elderly patient begins with supportive office-staff response to the initial contact, affording the patient an opportunity both to provide and to obtain health-related information. The physician uses a problem-oriented historical interview that includes an informal mental status examination. The physical examination focuses on disorders that can be reversed or stabilized, avoiding premature hospitalization. Brief follow-up visits provide continuous, empathic and optimistic support.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Craniofacial anomalies in the Upper Missouri River over a millennium: archeological and clinical evidence.

Congenital facial clefting occurs more often in Native Americans from the Upper Missouri River Basin (UMRB) than it does in the general population. However, no facial clefts were seen in 3,750 ancient UMRB skeletons. Very few reports concerning defective palate crania are in the literature of paleopathology. Findings regarding craniofacial anomalies in today's native Americans in the UMRB are presented briefly and compared to those in skeletons from this region. There is a marked difference between the frequency of anomalies which occurred in the past and those which are present today. Although the people sampled here were from many cultures and lived during different time periods, encompassing over a millenium, the fundamental denominator was a common geographic location. Reasons for the differences between the past and the present are advanced. It may be possible to estimate the frequency of anomalies which have not been found in archeological specimens but which are present today. By comparing data concerning "occult" congenital anomalies of the past with those of the present, the actual prevalence of past cranio-facial anomalies may be estimated through careful extrapolation.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1981

Characterization of middle molecule compounds.

Gel filtration and subsequent ion exchange chromatography were used to separate middle molecule (MM) fractions in the molecular weight range of 350-2,000 daltons from uremic biological fluids. Three of these fractions (71, 7b, and 7c) were further investigated. Although these fractions after ion exchange chromatography appeared to be chromatographically pure, isotachophoretic analyses revealed at least two compounds in each fraction and the distribution of the constituents varied in different patients. Middle molecule 7c from one patient was pure enough to allow further characterization. After hydrolysis, glycine was the only amino acid recovered. The compound had a blocked N-terminus but the C-terminal amino acid was free. The blocking groups were investigated by partial acid hydrolysis, high voltage electrophoresis, isotachophoresis, mass spectrometry, and by enzymatic hydrolysis. The results suggested that the major compound in fraction 7c is a beta-glucuronidated conjugate of o-OH-benzoic acid and glycine.

Chromatography, Gel↗
PubMed1980

Isotachophoretic separation of middle molecule peptides in uremic body fluids.

By applying analytical isotachophoresis six solutes in the middle molecule range were isolated as a further separation of a middle molecule fraction isolated from uremic body fluids using an earlier described technique of combined high speed gel filtration--gradient elution chromatography. The solutes separated with isotachophoresis could be identified by determining the net mobilities and the corresponding UV levels. Identical net solute mobilities were found in different biological fluids from different uremic patients. By measuring the zone length it was possible to estimate the amounts of material present in uremic biological fluids. During these investigations the reproducibility was better than +/-2% for the six solutes measured.

Chromatography, Gel↗
PubMed1980

A new glycine containing compound with a blocked amino group from uremic body fluids.

A new compound was isolated from ultrafiltrate of uremic plasma. It was characterized by amino acid analysis, partial acid hydrolysis, studies of terminal groups, and electrophoretic and isotachophoretic properties. The results show that it contains three functional groups, an acidic moiety sensitive to removal by acid hydrolysis, glycine in possible oligopeptide linkage, and a remaining intermediate-sized acyl group.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1979

The effect of hemodialysis on endogenous middle molecules in uremic patients.

Uremic plasma and dialysis fluid were separated by high speed gel filtration followed by gradient elution ion exchange chromatography into several UV-absorbing fractions containing middle molecules (MM) (7a, b, c, etc.), which were quantitated by integrating the peak areas of the chromatograms. Dialyzer clearance of MM was determined in vivo for two dialyzers, Gambro Optima and RP-6, but no difference could be found in spite of far better in vitro MM clearance of RP-6 than of Gambro Optima. Nor was there any difference in post-dialysis decrease in MM between the two dialyzers, or between them and two dialyzers with larger surface areas (Gambro Major and Dow HK-5). In 45 determinations of MM in blood obtained before and after dialysis, using different dialyzers, the mean decrease in MM was significantly larger than for creatinine, suggesting a much smaller distribution volume immediately available for exchange. Ultrafiltration without dialysis in 7 patients induced a significant decrease in plasma MM (7a, b, c, and g) in spite of stable osmolality, urea, creatinine, and sodium concentrations in plasma, suggesting that the reduction in body water affected the net production rate of these MM. In 5 studies, using RP-6 and a 75 l recirculating dialyzate, a rapid post-dialysis rebound was observed for MM in plasma, sometimes followed by a secondary decrease in plasma concentration. The volume of distribution of dialyzed MM, assessed from pre- and post-plasma concentrations and concentrations in the dialyzate, appeared to be much smaller than for urea and creatinine. In a stable dialysis population of 17 patients, significant negative correlations were found between pre-dialysis plasma concentrations of some MM (7a, 7b, 7f, 7g) and dialysis index or endogenous renal creatinine clearance. No such correlations were found for peaks 7c and 7d. The good correlation between 7b and dialysis index (r = 0.73) suggests that plasma determination of 7b may be used as a measure of the efficiency of MM removal.

Chromatography, Gel↗
PubMed1978

A selective method for determination of methylguanidine in biological fluids. Its application in normal subjects and uremic patients.

A selective analytical method for the determination of methylguanidine in plasma in biological fluids has been developed. Methylguanidine is extracted in a column to dichloromethane as an ion pair with hexanitrodiphenylamine (dipicrylamine). It is isolated from coextracted compounds by partition chromatography as the picrate ion-pair. The methylguanidine fraction is collected and after reextraction to a buffer solution the methylguanidine content is quantitatively determined photometrically as picrate. An absolute recovery of 95 +/- 5% was obtained in the concentration range 1.5-10 microgram/ml plasma. The concentration of methylguanidine in plasma was higher in uremic patients, (44.4 +/- 5.71 mumol/l in conservatively-treated and 42.4 +/- 7.87 mumol/l in dialysis-treated patients) than in normal subjects, (4.0 mumol/l), but still lower than reported by other investigators using non-specific methods and also lower than the concentrations found to be toxic in experimental animals. There was a significant correlation between methylguanidine and creatinine concentration but no correlation between methylguanidine and urea concentration in plasma. No obvious relation was found between plasma methylguanidine concentration and various uremic symptoms, mode of treatment or protein intake.

Creatinine↗
PubMed1977

The effect of renal transplantation on middle molecules in plasma and urine.

The plasma level and urinary excretion of middle molecules were determined in 5 patients with chronic uremia undergoing renal transplantation. The results demonstrate that after successful transplantation, the uremic middle molecules disappear rapidly from plasma while being excreted in the urine. The reduction in plasma level of middle molecules after transplantation is more rapid than the reduction in creatinine concentration.

Adult↗