Assignment of type I phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase (PIP5K1A) to human chromosome bands 1q22--> q24 by in situ hybridization.
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3' Untranslated Regions↗
Biomedical subjects
L Zhu
Publications and source records attributed to L Zhu.
Incidence of dementia in relation to stroke and the apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele in the very old. Findings from a population-based longitudinal study.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Both stroke and the apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon4 allele increase the risk of dementia. However, the interaction between stroke and APOE on dementia is still unclear. We addressed this topic by using a longitudinal design. METHODS: We followed up a community cohort of 1301 subjects aged >/=75 years, who did not have dementia at baseline. Among them, 92 subjects had a history of stroke (from 3 months to 16 years before baseline interview). After the 3-year follow-up, 224 dementia cases had been diagnosed. During the period of follow-up, 91 subjects had a first occurrence of stroke (incident stroke). The APOE genotype was known for 985 subjects. Cox proportional hazards regression models were constructed to estimate the risk for dementia in terms of relative risks (RRs) for stroke and the APOE epsilon4 allele, with adjustment for age, sex, education, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medication use, and heart disease. RESULTS: In the entire study population, RRs for dementia related to history of stroke and incident stroke were 1.7 (95% CI, 1.1 to 2.6) and 2.4 (95% CI, 1.6 to 3.5), respectively, after adjustment for all potential confounders. Subjects with stroke that occurred within 3 years before baseline had RR of 2.4 (95% CI, 1.4 to 4.2), whereas those with stroke occurring >3 years before baseline had RR of dementia of 1.1 (95% CI, 0.6 to 2.3). Among those with APOE information, individuals with only history of stroke (that occurred within 3 years before baseline) had RR of 3.1 (95% CI, 1.4 to 6.6), individuals with only the APOE epsilon4 allele had RR of 1.7 (95% CI, 1.1 to 2.5), and individuals with both factors had RR of 5.3 (95% CI, 2.1 to 13.4). The corresponding figures when incident stroke was examined instead of history of stroke were 2.3 (95% CI, 1.3 to 4.1), 1.7 (95% CI, 1.1 to 2.4), and 4.6 (95% CI, 2.0 to 10.6), respectively. The RR of interaction term for history of stroke and APOE epsilon4 was 1.1 (95% CI, 0.3 to 3.8; P=0.8). The corresponding figure was 1.2 (95% CI, 0.4 to 4.4; P=0.7) for incident stroke and APOE epsilon4. Furthermore, the RRs of dementia without any stroke and dementia with stroke in relation to APOE epsilon4 were 1.6 (95% CI, 1.1 to 2.3) and 1.2 (95% CI, 0.6 to 2.4), respectively. In addition, the APOE epsilon4 allele was not significantly related to the occurrence of stroke (RR=0.8; 95% CI, 0.5 to 1.5). CONCLUSIONS: A relatively fresh stroke is a risk factor for dementia. APOE epsilon4 increases the risk of dementia without stroke but not dementia with stroke. Our data do not support a multiplicative effect of stroke and the APOE epsilon4 allele on the risk of dementia. However, both factors seem to have an additive effect on the risk of dementia. The APOE epsilon4 allele does not increase the risk of stroke in this Swedish elderly population.
Aged↗
Autocorrelation function analysis of ECG signals in 20 rabbits.
In this experiment, we measured ECG signals of lead I, respectively, during normal and arrhythmia after 20 rabbits were anaesthetized. These signals were recorded, then the information was put into a computer and it analyzed Autocorrelation (AC) Function, and Power Spectrum. The results make us know: (1) periodicity corresponding relationship of ECG in normal rabbits can derive reflects from changes of ECG AC function changes of ECG signals in arrhythmia rabbits can derive relatively sensitive reflection from changes of ECG function (attenuating area S and the value of k) in normal rabbits. (2) The Autocorrelation Function of Electrocardio change but ECG in the normal. All these provide another useful method for the diagnosis of arrhythmia.
Animals↗
Identification and chromosomal location of a new tandemly repeated DNA in maize.
Two clones of a new family of tandemly repeated DNA sequences have been isolated from a maize random genomic DNA library. MR68 is 410 bp, representing a monomeric unit and MR77 is 1222 bp, containing three units. The copy number was estimated to be about 3000 per 1C maize genome. Its methylation pattern was also determined. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) indicates that the sequence is located on the subtelomeric region of the long arm of chromosomes 3 and 6, as well as on the satellite of chromosome 6.
Base Sequence↗
Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis in China.
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Acute Disease↗
Chiroptical switches and sensors based on ligand conformational changes in labile coordination complexes.
A series of molecules have been developed that give significantly differentiated circular dichroic signals upon presentation of a metal ion, exchange of metal ion, or change in oxidation state. These properties have led to prototypes of molecular sensors for metal ions and redox-mediated chiroptical switches. In some complexes, the CD signal arises by an excitonic coupling mechanism, affording further information about ligand conformation or absolute configuration.
Circular Dichroism↗
Inhibition of NF kappa B activation by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate prevents in vivo hypoxia/reoxygenation-mediated myocardial angiogenesis.
This study sought to examine the effect of nonlethal moderate whole body hypoxic challenge (10% 02/90% N2) on rat myocardial angiogenesis. Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to 4 h of systemic normobaric hypoxemic hypoxia (10 +/- 0.4% O2) in an anesthesia chamber or to 4 h of normoxia (ambient 20.9 +/- 0.4% O2) to time-match the duration of hypoxia. All rats were then kept under normoxic conditions. Rats were sacrificed and hearts harvested either after 2 h for subsequent electrophoretic mobility gel shift assay for NF kappa B, or after 24 h for subsequent Western blot analysis for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and after 7 days for immunohistochemistry for capillary density measurement. We also used pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), an inhibitor of NF kappa B, before 1 h of hypoxia to establish the possible role of NF kappa B in modulating myocardial angiogenesis. The results showed significant induction of VEGF protein expression after 4 h of hypoxia followed by 24 h of reoxygenation in the rat myocardium. The DNA binding activity of NF kappa B was increased compared with the hypoxic group. However inhibition of NF kappa B by PDTC decreased capillary density significantly when compared with the hypoxic group. These findings demonstrate the role of NF kappa B and VEGF in myocardial angiogenesis for the first time.
Animals↗
[Analysis on maternal deaths from pregnancy complicated with acute abdominal diseases in Shanghai during 1989-1998].
OBJECTIVE: To raise the vigilance for pregnancy complicated with acute abdominal diseases and to reduce the maternal mortality rate. METHODS: A retrospective study was done. RESULTS: (1) The maternal mortality of pregnancy complicated with acute abdominal diseases was 1.31/10(5) in the period of 1989-1993, which was significantly higher than that in the period of 1994-1998 (0.71/10(5)). (2) The main cause of maternal deaths was misdiagnosis and the rate of misdiagnosis was 72.7%. (3) Among the acute abdominal diseases, pregnancy complicated with pancreatitis ranked the first that accounted for 54.6%. CONCLUSIONS: For the purpose of reducing the mortality rate of pregnancy complicated with acute abdominal diseases, the correct diagnosis and proper treatment especially for those with acute pancreatitis are important.
Abdomen, Acute↗
Changes in airway responsiveness and relative factors in asthma with remission at puberty.
OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the airway responsiveness and its relative factors in asthma with natural remission at puberty. METHOD: The airway responsiveness was evaluated by provocation of methacholine (PC20). Blood sIL-2R, IL-4 and IFN-gamma values in the cultural supernatant of mononuclear cells, eosinophil count, basophil count and basophil releasability were detected in 18 asthmatic cases with remission at puberty (group I), in 20 asthmatics without remission at puberty (group II), and in 30 healthy controls (group III). RESULT: The mean value of PC20 in group I was significantly lower than that in group III (P < 0.01), but still higher than that in group II (P < 0.01). The blood sIL-2R, and eosinophil counts dropped almost to those of group III, significantly lower than those of group II. IL-4 in the culture supernatant of mononuclear cells was similar to group III, but significantly lower than that in group II. However IFN-gamma was also similar to group III, significantly higher than that of group II. The basophil count and positive rate of human basophil degranulation test stimulated by mannitol with hyper-osmolarity were still abnormal, significantly higher than those of group III, and the basophil level was significantly related to the airway responsiveness. CONCLUSION: The asthmatics with remission at puberty have a certain degree of airway hyper-responsiveness that is related to the abnormality of basophil.
Adolescent↗
[Analysis on maternal deaths of cesarean section in Shanghai].
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the causes of maternal deaths of cesarean section and the potential risks of it. METHODS: A retrospective study on maternal deaths of cesarean section from 1978 to 1997 was carried out. RESULTS: (1) The rate of cesarean section in 1978-1987 was 15.55% (258,158/1,659,892), which was significantly lower than that of 29.39% (365,376/1,243,337) in 1988-1997 (P < 0.01). (2) During the 20 years there were 430 cases of maternal deaths in Shanghai. Among them, 150 cases were maternal death after cesarean section which accounted for 34.88%. (3) Maternal mortality rate of cesarean section cases was 24.05/10(5)(150/623,534) which significantly higher (P < 0.01) than that of vaginal delivery, 12.28/10(5)(280/2,279,695). The relative risk of maternal deaths in cesarean section group increased when the cesarean section rate was over 30.00%. (4) The rank order of maternal deaths of cesarean section was as follows: PIH (pregnancy induced hypertension), Cardiac diseases, embolisms, haemorrhage, hepatic diseases, and infections. (5) The relative risk of PIH death either for cesarean section or for vaginal delivery was significantly decreased in 1988-1997, compared to the former 10 years. (6) Of 150 cases of maternal deaths of cesarean section, 43 cases (28.67%) were related to the cesarean section with embolism ranking the first, haemorrage the second and infection the third. CONCLUSIONS: In order to reduce maternal mortality of cesarean section, it is important to pay attention to (1) the prevention and treatment of PIH, heart diseases and embolisms, (2) the indications of cesarean section, (3) improvement of the quality of cesarean section, and (4) pre- and post-operational management.
Cause of Death↗
Immunolocalization of uterine luminal fluid protein (ULF-250) in rat uterus.
OBJECTIVE: To access the production of a novel uterine luminal fluid 250 kD protein (ULF-250) during the various phases of the estrous cycle in relation to estrogen concentration, and to validate that the production and secretion of ULF-250 are regulated by estradiol and progesterone. METHODS: An immunohistochemical method was used to localize ULF-250 in rat uteri during each phase of the estrous cycle, and in uteri of ovariectomized rats treated with estradiol and progesterone. RESULTS: Positive immunostaining of ULF-250 occurred in the epithelial cells of the uterus at all phases of the estrous cycle; whereas the stroma was immunonegative. During the proestrus phase of the cycle, the glandular epithelial cells and glandular luminal content were stained strongly. During the estrus phase of the cycle, intense staining occurred in the glandular and uterine luminal epithelial cells, including the luminal content of the glands. In the metestrus phase of the cycle, only uterine epithelial cells were stained; during the diestrus phase, intense staining of the secreted contents of the uterine cavity and the glandular lumen occurred. The distribution of ULF-250 in the uteri of ovariectomized female rats treated with estradiol alone and estradiol plus progesterone were examined. In both groups, intense staining of the glandular luminal epithelial cells of the uterine endometrium occurred; in the estradiol-treated animals, only the luminal contents were stained. The present findings suggest that progesterone inhibits the secretion of ULF-250 that is stimulated by estradiol. CONCLUSIONS: ULF-250 is produced by the glandular and luminal epithelial cells of the uterine endometrium and fluctuates with the phases of the estrous cycle. Its production is stimulated by estradiol and its secretion is regulated by progesterone.
Animals↗
Operative laparoscopy versus laparotomy for the management of ectopic pregnancy.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the surgical managements for ectopic pregnancy. METHODS: In a retrospective analysis, we examined the trend of surgical procedures and the results of different management in 149 patients. RESULTS: The change from laparotomy to laparoscopic treatment was significant. The success rates of salpingostomy and salpingectomy under laparoscopy or laparotomy were 100%. No serious complications occurred. The operation time and length of hospital stay for laparoscopic salpingostomy were shorter than those for laparotomy with salpingostomy. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic salpingostomy and laparoscopic salpingectomy are better than laparotomy in the treatment of ectopic pregnancy.
Adult↗
99mTc-HL91 "hot spot" imaging of mice bearing human carcinoma by gamma camera and the effects of tumor necrosis on imaging.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the hypoxia-avid agent 99mTc-HL91 (99mTc labeled 4, 9-diaza-3, 3, 10, 10-tetramethyldodecan-2, 11-dione dioxime) as the tracer of tumor "hot spot" imaging and the influence of tumor necrosis on the image. METHODS: After injection of 99mTc-HL91, 6 nude mice bearing human breast cancer MCF-7 and 18 nude mice bearing human pancreatic adenocarcinoma were subjected to gamma camera imaging, postmortem analysis, and autoradiography and imaging of tumor sections. RESULTS: The image of tumor was identified 1 hour after injection of 99mTc-HL91. Images demonstrated gradually increased 99mTc-HL91 uptake in the tumor 1-12 hours after injection (P < 0.05-0.001). Six hours after injection, the radioactivity ratios of tumor to thorax and tumor to head were higher than 2.1. Six hours after injection, the radioactivity ratios of tumor to brain, muscle, blood, heart, lung and kidney in pancreatic adenocarcinoma bearing nude mice were 101.0 +/- 114.7, 30.0 +/- 30.3, 19.9 +/- 21.9, 14.4 +/- 15.1, 3.71 +/- 2.41 and 0.46 +/- 0.26, respectively, and the radioactivity ratios in breast cancer MCF-7 bearing nude mice were close to these figures. The radioactivity of non-necrotic tumor was 3.77 times that of necrotic tumor. However, the radioactivity ratios of tumor to liver, intestine and stomach were lower than 1.3. Autoradiographs and images of tumor sections showed that the radioactivity was higher in the region of solid tumor than in the necrotic region. CONCLUSION: 99mTc-HL91 via gamma camera positively identifies regional tumor in nude mice bearing human cancer. 99mTc-HL91 retention is lower in necrotic tumor than in non-necrotic tumor. The low radioactivity ratio of tumor to abdominal organs limits the application of 99mTc-HL91 in detecting abdominal tumors.
Adenocarcinoma↗
[Antituberculosis effect of levofloxacin].
OBJECTIVE: Assess the activities of levofloxacin (LVLX) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis both in vitro and in vivo, the pharmacokinetics of LVLX and the effectiveness and safety of it in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, with ofloxacin(OFLX) as control. METHODS: The MIC and MBC of LVLX were determined by the tube doubling dilution method, and the effectiveness of the drugs were assessed by half survival time of the mice. The concentrations of LVLX and OFLX in serum were measured by HPLC. The pharmacokinetic parameters obtained were calculated. 138 newly diagnosed and retreatment pulmonary tuberculosis patients were randomly allocated to receive four chemotherapy regimens. RESULTS: The MIC and MBC of LVLX against Mycobacterium tuberculosis were 2 dilutions lower than that of OFLX, in a murine tuberculosis model, the antimycobacterial activity of LVLX was significant and superior to OFLX with the same dose. The concentration-time curves of LVLX and OFLX were conformed to an one-compartment model. There was no significant difference between the two formulations in the Tmax, T1/2 and 1/2 Cmax, 1/2 AUC of OFLX and LVLX. The sputum conversion rates at the end of treatments of groups I, II, III and IV were 97%, 97%, 82% and 84% respectively. X-ray resolution rates were 97%, 94%, 88% and 88% respectively. The side effects of four groups were rather low. CONCLUSIONS: LVLX displays powerful activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis both in vitro and in vivo, which is two times that of OFLX.LVLX and OFLX have the same good pharmacokinetic characteristics. LVLX at the dose of 300 mg/d shows the same effectiveness and fewer adverse drug reactions in comparison with OFLX at the dose of 600 mg/d in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. So LVLX is a new effective and safe antituberculosis drug.
Adolescent↗
[Nasal or oranasal face mask mechanical ventilation in the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome].
OBJECTIVE: To Evaluate the effect of nasal or oranasal face mask mechanical ventilation (FMMV) in the treatment of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS). METHODS: 16 ARDS patients were separated into two groups: infection group and non-infection group. The former had 6 cases with pneumonia and 1 case with sepsis; the later had 5 cases with multiple fracture, 2 with operation of intestines obstruction, 1 with operation of spleen rupture, 1 with hepatectomy. In Infection group, the respiratory rate(RR) was (46 +/- 5) times/min, the arterial blood pH 7.49 +/- 0.05, CO2 partial pressure(PaCO2) was (32 +/- 4) mm Hg, and oxygenation index (OI) (144 +/- 23) mm Hg. In non-infection group, the RR, pH, PaCO2, OI was (41 +/- 6) times/min, 7.49 +/- 0.13, (32 +/- 5) mm Hg, (156 +/- 51) mm Hg. All patients were linked with ventilator via nasal or ornasal mask. Pressure support ventilation (PSV) and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) were selected. RESULTS: All patients successfully received FMMV. In infection group, RR and OI returned to (45 +/- 7) times/min (P > 0.05) and (195 +/- 30) mm Hg(P < 0.05) respectively after 2-8 hours via FMMV. But in non-infection group, the RR and OI were (35 +/- 4) times/min (P < 0.05) and (228 +/- 90) mm Hg(P < 0.05). 2 cases(29%) in infection group and 8 cases(89%) in non-infection were successfully weaned from FMMV. CONCLUSION: FMMV could be as the first choice in ARDS patients without infection, and airway intubation should be given in infectious patients as early as possible.
Acute Disease↗
[Partial sympathectomy for treating palmar hyperhidrosis with VATS].
OBJECTIVE: To review the experience with partial sympathectomy for treating palmar hyperhidrosis with VATS. METHODS: Between July 1995 and June 1999, 50 patients with palmar hyperhidrosis (26 males and 24 females, mean age 26.7 years) were operated. The major symptom was excessive sweating of hands, feet, and axcillaries, sometimes in drops. Thoracoscopy was performed under general anesthesia with a standard single-lumen endotracheal intubation with the patient in a semi-sitting position and arms stretched at 90 degrees. The approach through two small ports on the chest wall was done using VATS. As the lung was depressed by CO(2) insufflation in a low pressure, an excellent view of the upper mediastinum was obtained. Ganglia T(2) through T(4), sometimes T(5) were resected with a electrocautery probe. Bilateral procedures were completed in the same position. RESULTS: All patients after operation became dry immediately after sympathetic denervation with a few minor complications. Occasional side effect was moderate compensatory sweating of the trunk. One case had recurrence but sweating was much less than before operation. CONCLUSIONS: Because of excellent view of the upper mediastinum for sympathetic denervation of the hand and axcillaryies, the effect of partial sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis is satisfactory and permanent.
Adolescent↗
[Sagittal profile restoration of thoracolumbar fracture with rod rotation and in situ bending technique].
OBJECTIVE: To restore the sagittal profile at the time of regaining vertebral height during surgery of thoracolumbar fracture by rotation, screw-hook combination and in situ bending technique. METHODS: In 48 patients who have been treated since 1997, 41 were male and 7 female. Their age ranged from 17 to 54 years. Surgical procedures were (L(1) fracture for example): CD or TSRH pedicle screws inserted in T(12) and L(2), offset laminar hooks placed on T(11) and L(2), and two rods contoured according to the normal sagittal profile of the instrumental segment and inserted into the pedicle screws with the rod contouring curve in the frontal plane. Distraction force was used to regain vertebral height. The rods were rotated by 90 degrees and fixed with the set screws. The contouring curve of the rod at this time was transferred from the frontal plane to the sagittal plane where the normal sagittal profile was restored. The offset laminar hooks were compressed toward the screws. If lordosis was not satisfactory, the rods could be bent in situ. Posterolateral bone grafting was finally performed. RESULTS: No death and no neurological worsening were noted except deep infection in one patient. Average vertebral height was restored by 96%. 39 patients had complete restoration of vertebral height. Sagittal kyphotic Cobb angle was corrected from average 24 degrees before operation to average -2 degrees after operation. Follow-up (20 months on average) showed no pseudarthrosis but two screws broken in one patient. CONCLUSIONS: Rod rotation and in situ rod bending technique can satisfactorily restore the normal sagittal profile and regain vertebral height. Offset laminar hooks can effectively protect pedicle screws, and minimise mechanical failure of instrumentation.
Adolescent↗
[Reversal of severe left ventricular dilatation after operation and its correlation with cardiac function].
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the reversal of left ventricular dilatation and postoperative cardiac function, and prognosis. METHODS: 16 patients with severely dilated left ventricle underwent echocardiographic examinations preoperatively and at discharge (7 - 10 days after operation). Left ventricular (LV) diameters were measured (LVEDD, LVESD) and matched to body surface area (LVEDDI, LVESDI) and fractional shortening (FS); left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) was calculated. RESULTS: Left ventricular dimensions significantly decreased at discharge after operation. Preoperative LVEDD was (78.54 +/- 6.30) mm and postoperative LVEDD (63.77 +/- 13.69) mm (P < 0.01). Preoperative LVESD (60.03 +/- 8.95) mm and postoperative LVESD (53.23 +/- 12.68) mm (P < 0.05). Preoperative LVEDDI was (44.10 +/- 5.24) mm/m(2) and postoperative LVEDDI (36.01 +/- 9.53) mm/m(2) (P < 0.01). Preoperative LVESDI was (34.78 +/- 6.22) mm/m(2) and postoperative LVESDI (30.90 +/- 9.19) mm/m(2) (P < 0.05). Left atrium (LA) dimension was shorter after operation than before operation. Left ventricular construction didn't improve postoperatively, even temporarily decreased at discharge. Preoperative EF was (48.00 +/- 11.71)% and postoperative EF (40.15 +/- 8.69)% (P < 0.01). Preoperative FS was (22.82 +/- 6.27)% and postoperative FS (19.63 +/- 3.42) (P > 0.05). The incidence of postoperative cardiac arrhythmia was 75%. No dimension changes were observed in 2 patients with severely dilated left ventricles after operation: one (LVEDDI 56 mm/m(2)) died, and the other had severe low cardiac output. Six of 14 who had reduced dilated left ventricle didn't reach normal limits, still in the range of severe dilated left ventricule (LVEDDI > 37 mm/m(2)). CONCLUSIONS: Most patients decreased the dimension of left ventricular size early after operation, but some had partial recovery from severe ventricular dilatation. Although left ventricular dimensions (LVEDD, LVESD, LVEDDI, LVESDI) significantly reduced, cardiac function didn't improve at once with the reversal of left ventricular dilatation, but temporarily decreased after operation and the incidence of cardiac arrhythmia was high.
Adult↗