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Biomedical subjects

L Young

Publications and source records attributed to L Young.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Behavioral toxicity of chronic administration of fenitrothion in rats.

A battery of tests was used to assess the neurobehavioral effects of fenitrothion in doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg administered daily to rats for a period of 40 days. Decreases in body weight, overt cholinergic signs, loss of many reflexes, changes in measures of motor activity and, later, indices of ataxia were observed at various times after onset of treatment with the two higher doses of fenitrothion. Mortalities occurred within 12 days in those groups but all signs of toxicity and of behavioral deficits disappeared gradually in survivors. Changes in the neurobehavioral measures were seen in only two of the animals treated with 10 mg/kg and only after more than 20 days of treatment; in one rat, weight loss, absence of some reflexes, deficits in activity and signs of ataxia preceded death by several days. Results are discussed in relation with the existing data on the behavioral toxicity of fenitrothion.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

In-vitro clonogenic assay for predicting response of ovarian cancer to chemotherapy.

95 clinical trials of anticancer drugs were done in 40 patients with advanced ovarian cancer who had undergone an in-vitro soft-agar human tumour stem-cell assay for drug sensitivity. In the 95 clinical trials, 13 of 21 patients responded clinically to drugs predicted to be effective in vitro, while in 73 of 74 instances in which drug resistance had been predicted in vitro there was no response to treatment. 2 patients achieved a complete remission of 1 and 12+ months and 11 had partial remissions lasting a median of four months. Prediction of in-vitro resistance was 99% accurate. The 62% complete or partial remission rate to agents with proven in-vitro efficacy was achieved in extensively pretreated ovarian cancer patients who were unlikely to respond to empirically chosen secondary agents. The human tumour stem-cell assay, in which ovarian tumour colony-forming units are grown in a two-layer agar-culture system incorporating tests for drug sensitivity or resistance, can be effectively used to plan a suitable chemotherapy regimen for ovarian cancer patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Trigger finger and thumb, secondary to amyloidosis.

We present a case in which infiltration of the flexor tendons and the fibrous sheaths of the digital flexors with amyloid caused triggering at both the entrance to the fibrous sheaths and at the decussation of the sublimis tendons.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed1980

Two studies of compliance with daily prophylaxis in rheumatic fever patients in Iowa.

We determined the penicillin compliance rates in school year 1974-75 for 235 children with rheumatic fever through analysis of urine specimens collected at school. Patients relatively low on compliance during the first year of sampling were divided into two equal size groups for a second year sampling study. One-half (N = 44) of these second year study patients and their parents were readvised regarding the need for penicillin prophylaxis and one-half (N = 44) served as controls. We related eductional data, behavioral ratings, and family information to compliance rates in both study years. The overall compliance for the children during the initial sampling year was 64.6 per cent. Factors found to be significantly related to compliance in year one were: 1) male sex, 2) large sibship, 3) increased number of behavior problems, 4) relatively poor academic progress, 5) lower maternal educational level, and 6) recurrence of rheumatic fever. Compliance rates for reinforced patients did not differ significantly from controls during the second year sampling.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Reconstruction of a large unilateral nasal defect.

A modification of the nasal septal technique for reconstruction of a large unilateral defect of the nose is presented that provides cartilaginous support of the nasal defect and mucosal lining. This is accomplished by rotation of the cartilaginous nasal septum and its contralateral mucosal lining into the nasal defect. Coverage with a nasolabial flap allows complete reconstruction in one operation.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Experience with incompatible maternal donors for bone marrow transplantation.

Marrow transplantation in aplastic anemia and leukemia has generally been limited to siblings who have been histocompatible at both the serological (A and B) and lymphocyte determined (D or MLC) loci of the HLA system. We studied three male patients, two with aplastic anemia and one with acute myelogenous leukemia, who received transplants from their histoincompatible mothers. MLC studies between donors and recipients showed varying degrees of stimulation. Definite engraftment occurred in one patient and transient engraftment in another. Engraftment in the third patient could not be evaluated. In the patient with sustained engraftment, there was clinical evidence of severe graft versus host disease (GVHD) however, this was not substantiated by histologic findings. This preliminary study suggests that MLC incompatibility may be more of an indicator of the risk of GVHD than of bone marrow rejection. If more effective control of GVHD can be accomplished, marrow transplantation between MLC-reactive individuals may become feasible.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The value of radiology in the idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome: a radiological and pathological correlation study.

The authors have reviewed the chest radiographs of 337 newborn babies who were referred for examination with respiratory distress. They have devised a system of grading of severity of hyaline membrane disease according to the degree of radiological changes and have been able to give a prognosis for each grade. The various complications of hyaline membrane disease have been reviewed. One hundred and sixteen autopsies were carried out and the radiological and pathological findings were correlated. A positive relationship in 82% of cases was found.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1972

Relationship between organization of mammary tumors and the ability of tumor cells to replicate mammary tumor virus and to recognize growth-inhibitory contact signals in vitro.

Mammary tumor virus (MTV) replication was confined primarily to cells organized as acini in intact mouse mammary glands. Primary mammary tumors maintained a high degree of acinar organization and cells therein continued to replicate MTV vegetatively. Nonacinar mammary cells, derived by serial transplantation of acinar tumor cells, no longer actively replicated MTV. This suggests that phenotypic differences exist among mammary epithelial cells in their ability to support virus replication, that a fundamental relationship exists between the organization of epithelium for secretion and active virus replication, and that this relationship is not altered as a primary consequence of neoplastic transformation. Mammary epithelial cells from pregnant, non-tumor-bearing, MTV-infected BALB/cfC3H mice or from acinar mammary tumors from a number of mouse strains were grown in primary monolayer cultures. Such cell cultures under the influence of insulin and cortisol exhibited the ability to organize into discrete three-dimensional structures called "domes." MTV replication in such cultures took place primarily in cells within the organized domes. Cells cultured from nonacinar tumors did not exhibit any propensity to organize into domes, nor did they replicate MTV in primary culture. This suggests that the cell organizational requirement for MTV replication observed in vivo is conserved in primary culture. Dome formation is not an effect of virus replication, as cells from uninfected BALB/c animals organized into domes in culture without concomitant MTV replication. Growth-regulating signals, exerted between contiguous cells in cultures of non-MTV-infected mammary epithelium, were not modified by the occurrence of active virus replication nor as a direct consequence of neoplastic transformation. Cells derived from nontumor BALB/cfC3H glands and from spontaneous tumors exhibited cell growth kinetics, saturation densities, and deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis kinetics nearly identical to those of noninfected normal mammary epithelium in primary culture. Cell to cell growth regulatory signals were modified in cultures of nonalveolar tumor cells wherein evidence of overgrowth is documented.

Animals↗