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Biomedical subjects

L Yoder

Publications and source records attributed to L Yoder.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli biotype I on swine carcasses processed under the hazard analysis and critical control point-based inspection models project.

The present study examined the prevalence of Salmonella spp. and the prevalence and quantity of generic (biotype I) Escherichia coli on carcasses or in pig feces at a pork processing plant operating under the hazard analysis and critical control point-based inspection models project (HIMP) program. The surfaces of carcasses were sponged on 10 separate days over a 30-day period at two processing steps: (i) immediately following exsanguination (100 carcasses), and (ii) after the carcasses were washed, eviscerated, and chilled overnight (122 carcasses). Feces were also collected from 60 of the 100 sponged, postexsanguinated pigs. Salmonella spp. were detected on 73.0% of the 100 postexsanguinated pigs, in 33.3% of the 60 fecal samples, and on 0.7% of the 122 chilled carcasses. E. coli was found on 100.0% of the postexsanguinated pigs and on 30.1% of chilled carcasses tested. The mean concentration of E. coli on carcasses was 1,700 CFU/cm2 immediately after the exsanguination step and 1.1 CFU/cm2 at the chilled carcass stage. Previous studies at this processing plant showed that the pre-HIMP baseline level of Salmonella spp. on the chilled carcasses was 0.8%, indicating that the present HIMP inspection system produced an equivalent level of bacteriological performance.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

International population and development: the United Nations' Cairo Action Plan for women's health.

The report of the International Conference on Population and Development (Cairo Action Document) was sponsored by 180 national governments and 1,200 nongovernmental organizations during the United Nations' conference on women, population, and development in Cairo, Egypt 1994. Many international conferences preceded the one in Cairo but it was there that women participated at an unprecedented level in shaping the debate. The resulting document represents a quantum leap for women's health. Nurses can play a major role in using the principles in the Cairo Action Document by empowering women and enhancing their health care. To invite dialogue, the authors provide an analysis of the Cairo Plan from a nursing perspective and identify three paradoxes that may hinder progress: Universal values and local cultures, global policy and local implementation, and national development and women's empowerment. Clinicians, scholars, and members of professional organizations are asked to consider the assumptions that underlie the recommendations for action and to propose ways to resolve the problems that may evolve during implementation.

Egypt↗
PubMed1996

Practice environment for nurse practitioners in California. Identifying barriers.

Barriers exist that prevent nurse practitioners from using their primary health care knowledge and skills. We present the incidence of and specific barriers experienced by nurse practitioner respondents in California, the state with the largest number of nurse practitioners in the nation. A January 1995 survey was sent to all nurse practitioners certified in California to elicit their experiences regarding legal or social barriers in their practice, with space for an open-ended response. Of an estimated 3,895 nurse practitioners in California, 2,741 (70%) returned surveys. Most nurse practitioner (65%) respondents in California are providing primary care. Perceived barriers to practice are lack of prescriptive authority, lack of support from physicians, reimbursement difficulties, and lack of public awareness. Current barriers to nurse practitioner practice in California are similar to national barriers discovered in 1992 data. The development of interprofessional dialogue and the recognition of the contributions of all primary care professionals are some of the steps that can be taken to reduce these barriers and increase the use and effectiveness of nurse practitioners in primary care.

California↗
PubMed1994

Alternate Oucher form testing: gender, ethnicity, and age variations.

This study was part of a project to improve pain assessment and management for a multiethnic group of children. Based on its visual appeal for the clinical team, the Oucher was selected for trial. A reduced size and shortened screening technique were introduced. Children (N = 79) aged 3 to 12 years were randomly assigned to use the original or a reduced-size Oucher first. Scale scores were highly correlated regardless of size or presentation order. There were no differences attributable to age, gender, or ethnicity (Black, White, Hispanic). There is preliminary support for using the more convenient size and screening process.

Aging↗
PubMed1992

Olfaction: the neglected sense.

Although olfactory complaints prompt an estimated 200,000 people each year to seek medical consultation in the U.S., there is a dearth of information available in the nursing literature. Recent research links olfaction to degenerative processes in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and human immunodeficiency virus infection. This article reviews anatomy and physiology of the olfactory system, describes alterations in smell function and reviews assessment with the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test and odor detection threshold testing. Nurses can advocate thorough assessment and prompt treatment of associated conditions, and educate the patient and family regarding ways to maximize current functioning when olfaction is impaired.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

The epidemiology of cervical cancer and its precursors.

Cervical cancer is considered to be a preventable disease because of its lengthy preinvasive state, the effectiveness of screening programs, and the availability of effective treatment options for preinvasive lesions. Thus, identifying women with a greater probability of developing the disease is important to promoting early detection and instituting prompt treatment. Questions concerning risk factors that influence a woman's chances of developing cervical cancer are being addressed through research. Nurses who understand the epidemiology of cervical cancer and who are skilled in taking comprehensive health histories can play a major role in early detection and prompt treatment of cervical cancer by educating all women, including sexually active teenagers, about obtaining regular gynecologic screening exams.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMed1990

Skin pigmentation from clofazimine therapy in leprosy patients: a reappraisal.

Skin biopsy specimens from two lepromatous leprosy patients with dark brown pigmentation who were receiving long-term clofazimine therapy were studied. Ceroid-lipofuscin pigment was demonstrated inside macrophages that contained numerous phagolysosomes. These contained lipids and clofazimine that appeared as electron-lucent vacuoles and a lipofuscin pigment that was electron dense, granular, and lamellated. Although the presence of the drug in tissues contributed to the skin pigmentation, the main cause was a drug-induced, reversible ceroid lipofuscinosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Leukopenia secondary to mycobacterium leprae.

Hansen's disease (HD) is one of the major infectious diseases in the world with an estimated total of 12 million cases. Physicians in North America, however, rarely see HD or its manifestations. Hematological manifestations of HD have been reported but are not well appreciated. We report a patient with leukopenia while under treatment for active HD who demonstrated mycobacterial involvement of the bone marrow.

Bone Marrow Diseases↗
PubMed1987

Lesional modulation of peripheral monocyte leucotactic responsiveness in leprosy.

Because the accumulation and activation of mononuclear phagocytes are critical to the host response to intracellular microbial pathogens, we evaluated mechanisms of peripheral monocyte leucotactic regulation in leprosy. Plasma from 53 of 67 patients was found to inhibit the locomotion of normal human monocytes. Neither the prevalence nor the magnitude of plasma leucotactic inhibitory activity correlated with disease histology or duration, type or duration of chemotherapy, or history of erythema nodosum leprosum. Plasma leucotactic inhibitory activity resided principally in a non-immunoglobulin, cell-directed inhibitor of 230,000 daltons molecular weight. Fractionation of plasma from patients with lepromatous leprosy revealed an additional, immunoglobulin-containing inhibitor of approximately 400,000 daltons weight, possibly an IgG-IgA immune complex. Production of leucotactic inhibitors by unstimulated and concanavalin A-stimulated peripheral mononuclear cells was normal; however, cutaneous explants from these patients spontaneously produced the 230,000 dalton leucotactic inhibitor in vitro. The ability of the lesions of leprosy to impede monocyte traffic may be an important pathogenetic mechanism.

Chemotactic Factors↗
PubMed1981

Experience with germ cell tumors of testicle at University of Iowa.

Between 1964 and 1979, 219 patients with germ cell testicular tumors were treated at the University of Iowa. In 79 nonseminomatous germ cell tumors various chemotherapeutic regimens were used. The response, salvage, and survival rates are compared. There is a definite trend toward better response rates and survival using the combination cisplatinum, vinblastine (Velban), and bleomycin. With this combination, 75 per cent of Stage II and III patients survived two years. The over-all response rate was 85 per cent, and 87 per cent of those with a complete response survived two years. Eighty per cent of deaths occurred within two years and 90 per cent within three years.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1980

Analysis of bladder tumor recurrence in 178 patients.

The identification of bladder tumor characteristics which may affect tumor recurrence has been of interest to the clinician for a long time. Previous attempts to identify predictive factors of recurrence involved comparisons based on the twelve-month recurrence rate in a prospective clinical investigation of bladder tumor patients observed over a five-year period. A statistical regression model known as the proportional hazards model was employed to identify these factors using the disease-free interval as the outcome variable. Prior bladder cancer history, age at admission, initial tumor stage, grade, number, size, shape, and site were examined. The results confirm that a patient's prior history of bladder cancer must be considered in evaluating his likelihood of tumor recurrence. The analysis then focuses on patients with no prior history for predictive factors of recurrence.

Aged↗