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Biomedical subjects

L Wiley

Publications and source records attributed to L Wiley.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

The effects of corticosteroids of adenoviral replication.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of Pred Forte (prednisolone acetate; Allergan Pharmaceutical, Irvine, Calif) on the replication of different adenoviral serotypes in vitro and in the adenovirus type 5/New Zealand rabbit ocular model. METHODS: The 50% inhibitory doses of Pred Forte and its components were determined for common ocular serotypes. The effects of continuous topical treatment with Pred Forte for 18 days were evaluated (eg, conjunctivitis, subepithelial immune infiltrates, and serial ocular viral titers) in the adenovirus 5/New Zealand rabbit ocular model. RESULTS: Pred Forte and prednisolone acetate inhibited adenoviruses 1, 5, 8, and 19 in vitro. In vivo, 1% Pred Forte significantly reduced conjunctivitis (P = .04) and subepithelial infiltrates (P = .02), but enhanced viral replication (P = .01) on days 9 to 21 and increased the duration of viral shedding (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Despite demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anti-immune effects, prolonged treatment of acute adenoviral infections with topical Pred Forte is not recommended because of the enhanced risks of viral transmission and community epidemics.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1991

Identification and comparative sequence analysis of a gene in equine herpesvirus 1 with homology to the herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D gene.

A homologue of the herpes simplex virus (HSV) glycoprotein D gene has been identified in the genome of equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1, equine abortion virus). An open reading frame in the middle of the short unique (US) region is capable of encoding a polypeptide of 402 amino acids that has 26% and 20% of its residues matching pseudorabies virus (PRV) gp50 and HSV-1 gD, respectively. Despite this low level of similarity, the positional identity of six cysteine residues and certain motifs, and the location of the EHV-1 gene, clearly define the EHV-1 polypeptide as one of a family of "gD-like" proteins. Two transcripts of 3.3-3.6 kb and 5.4-5.9 kb were identified, consistent with coterminal mRNAs for the EHV-1 gD gene and the adjacent upstream gene, respectively. Partial sequencing of other regions in US also revealed EHV-1 homologues of HSV-1 gE and gI genes, and a possible equivalent gene to PRV gX. By analogy with the ability of HSV-1 gD and PRV gp50 to induce strong anti-viral immune responses, the EHV-1 gD gene product is expected to be an excellent candidate for development as a vaccine antigen.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Regional heterogeneity in human corneal and limbal epithelia: an immunohistochemical evaluation.

The authors studied the distribution of specific keratins within the superior, inferior, medial, and lateral regions of human limbus and cornea to determine whether the limbal epithelium exhibits regional heterogeneity in its microstructure. A corneal epithelial basic keratin (K3), recognized by monoclonal antibody AE5, was immunohistochemically undetectable in the basal layers of the limbus in these four regions, but was seen in all layers in the central cornea. The pattern of immunostaining with another monoclonal antibody, AE1, which recognizes several acidic keratins, was complementary to AE5 staining in that AE1 recognized a similar heterogeneity in the limbal epithelial cells. AE1 immunoreacted with the basal cells of the limbus, but not those of the central corneal epithelium. Limbal characteristics, as defined by AE1-positive and AE5-negative staining, extended deeply into peripheral cornea in the superior and inferior regions, but to a lesser extent in the lateral and medial regions. The broader regions of epithelium with limbal characteristics in the superior and inferior regions raises the possibility that these regions play an important role in corneal epithelial maintenance and wound healing.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Microbial keratitis associated with plano tinted contact lenses.

The use of plano contact lenses for cosmetic purposes is a recent phenomenon. We report five cases of severe microbial keratitis associated with the use of these lenses. This subpopulation of patients who possess no refractive error are at risk of developing severe complications from contact lens wear. We have identified several issues which should be addressed by eye care professionals and regulatory agencies.

Acanthamoeba Keratitis↗
PubMed1991

Tissue plasminogen activator modifies healing of glaucoma filtering surgery in rabbits.

The healing response after glaucoma filtering surgery was analyzed immunohistochemically in rabbit eyes that had been treated with tissue plasminogen activator immediately after surgery and in the fellow eyes that had not been so treated. In the untreated eyes, at 1 day after surgery, fibronectin-like immunoreactivity was seen in the scleral fistula tract but not in the subconjunctival space of the filtering bleb. At 3 days immunoreactivity for fibronectin, collagen III, and collagen I could be seen in the bleb and fistula tract. By 14 days staining for collagen I and collagen III filled the surgical site, but fibronectin could only be seen in the fistula tract. In the eyes treated with tissue plasminogen activator immediately after surgery, the deposition of fibronectin and collagen III in the subconjunctival space and fistula tract was apparently delayed and diminished. This delayed and reduced deposition was correlated with the delayed clinical failure of surgery in these eyes. These results suggest that alteration of the biochemical changes in the extracellular matrix occurring after filtering surgery may influence the success of this surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Rapid diagnostic test for ocular adenovirus.

A new, direct, enzyme immunoassay test (Adenoclone, Cambridge BioScience, Hopkinton, MA) was evaluated for the rapid diagnosis of ocular adenovirus infections. In 36 culture-proven cases of adenovirus ocular infection, direct Adenoclone testing of conjunctival swabs was positive in 24 of 31 patients (77%) tested within 1 week of onset of symptoms, and in one of five patients (20%) who presented after 1 week (P less than 0.02). Overall sensitivity was 69%, whereas specificity was 100%. The authors conclude that a positive Adenoclone test is reliable in the rapid diagnosis of early adenovirus ocular infections.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1982

Spontaneous hepatocellular neoplasms and hepatic hemangiosarcomas in several strains of mice.

The incidence of spontaneous liver tumors, ratio of hepatocellular adenomas to carcinomas, degree of differentiation of hepatocellular carcinomas, and incidence of pulmonary metastases in several strains of mice from different experiments were examined. Hepatocellular tumors were rare in all strains before 12 months of age and then increased with age. They were more common in male than in female mice. Pulmonary metastases were rare before 24 months of age and occurred in 10 of 221 mice with hepatocellular carcinomas (4.5%); their incidence in different strains was not strikingly different. Hepatic vascular tumors were less common than hepatocellular tumors. No tumors of bile duct origin were observed in these mice.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Indirect immunofluorescent localization of prolactin to the cytoplasm of decidua and trophoblast cells in human placental membranes at term.

An indirect immunofluorescent technique was used to determine the localization of cytoplasmic human PRL (hPRL) in fresh and incubated human placental membranes at term. In both fresh and 8-h incubated samples of amnion, amniochorion decidua, or chorion decidua obtained from three placentas, we found specific reproducible localization of hPRL to the cytoplasm of decidua and trophoblast cells. The decidua cells appeared to be the most intensely fluorescent. No specific hPRL immunofluorescence was noted in the amniotic epithelium of fresh or incubated samples of amnion and amniochorion decidua. These data suggest that the trophoblast decidua cell layer is the site of PRL localization and possibly synthesis in placental membranes at term and may be the origin of amniotic fluid PRL in humans.

Cytoplasm↗